ROUTLEDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TRANSLATION STUDIES The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies remains the most authoritative reference work for students and scholars interested in engaging with the phenomenon of translation in all its modes and in relation to a wide range of theoretical and methodological traditions. This new edition provides a considerably expanded and updated revision of what appeared as Part I in the first and second editions. Featuring 132 as opposed to the 75 entries in Part I of the second edition, it offers authoritative, critical overviews of additional topics such as authorship, canonization, conquest, cosmopolitanism, crowdsourced translation, dubbing, fan audiovisual translation, genetic criticism, healthcare interpreting, hybridity, intersectionality, legal interpreting, media interpreting, memory, multimodality, non-professional interpreting, note-taking, orientalism, paratexts, thick translation, war and world literature. Each entry ends with a set of annotated references for further reading. Entries no longer appearing in this edition, including historical overviews that previously appeared as Part II, are now available online via the Routledge Translation Studies Portal. Designed to support critical reflection, teaching and research within as well as beyond the field of translation studies, this is an invaluable resource for students and scholars of translation, interpreting, literary theory and social theory, among other disciplines. Mona Baker is Professor Emerita of Translation Studies at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the Baker Centre for Translation and Intercultural Studies at Jiao Tong University, Shanghai. She is author of In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation (Routledge, third edition 2018) and Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account (Routledge, 2006, classic edition 2018), and editor of Translating Dissent: Voices from and with the Egyptian Revolution (Routledge, 2016; winner of the Inttranews Linguists of the Year award for 2015). She posts on translation, citizen media and Palestine on her personal website, www.monabaker.org, and tweets at @MonaBaker11. Gabriela Saldanha is Lecturer in Translation Studies at the University of Birmingham, UK. She is co-author of Research Methodologies in Translation Studies (Routledge, 2013) and publishes regularly on translation stylistics and on the circulation of translated literature in the current publishing landscape. She is currently exploring the links between translation and art practice. ROUTLEDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TRANSLATION STUDIES Third Edition Edited by MONA BAKER and GABRIELA SALDANHA Third edition published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 1998 Second edition published by Routledge 2009 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Baker, Mona, editor. | Saldanha, Gabriela, editor. Title: Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies / edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha. Description: Third edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. Identifiers: LCCN 2019011609 | ISBN 9781138933330 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315678627 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Translating and interpreting—Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC P306 .E57 2019 | DDC 418/.0203—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019011609 ISBN: 978-1-138-93333-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-67862-7 (ebk) Typeset in Minion Pro by Apex CoVantage, LLC Visit the companion website: http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/translationstudies Contents List of illustrations viii List of consultant editors ix List of contributors x Acknowledgements xiv Notes on referencing conventions xv Introduction to the first edition xvi Introduction to the second edition xxi Introduction to the third edition xxiv Activism Julie Boéri 1 Actor-network theory (ANT) María Sierra Córdoba Serrano 5 Adaptation Georges L. Bastin 10 Advertising Ira Torresi 14 Anthropophagy Alice Leal and Melanie Strasser 19 Asylum Moira Inghilleri and Katrijn Maryns 22 Audio description Jan-Louis Kruger 27 Audiovisual translation Luis Pérez-González 30 Authorship Caroline Summers 35 Bible, Jewish and Christian Piotr Blumczynski 40 Buddhism and Buddhist texts Robert Neather 46 Canonization Elke Brems (Translated by Jack McMartin) 52 Censorship Francesca Billiani 56 Children’s literature Gillian Lathey 60 Cognition Sandra L. Halverson 65 Collaborative translation Robert Neather 70 Comics, manga and graphic novels Federico Zanettin 75 Community interpreting Rebecca Tipton 79 Competence, interpreting Jieun Lee 84 Competence, translation Susanne Göpferich† 89 Conference and simultaneous interpreting Mona Baker and Ebru Diriker 95 Conquest Tarek Shamma 101 Conversation analysis Federico Zanettin 105 Corpora Silvia Bernardini and Dorothy Kenny 110 Cosmopolitanism Esperança Bielsa 115 Critical discourse analysis Kyung Hye Kim 119 Crowdsourced translation Julie McDonough Dolmaya 124 Cultural translation Kyle Conway 129 Culture David Katan 133 Deconstruction Kathleen Davis 139 Descriptive translation studies Theo Hermans 143 vi Contents Dialogue interpreting Raffaela Merlini 147 Directionality Matthias Apfelthaler 152 Dubbing Maria Pavesi 156 Ethics Moira Inghilleri 162 Ethnography Chuan Yu 167 Fan audiovisual translation Luis Pérez-González 172 Fan translation Jonathan Evans 177 Feminist translation strategies Luise von Flotow 181 Fiction Mary Helen McMurran 185 Fictional representations Dirk Delabastita 189 Field theory Moira Inghilleri 194 Functionalism Celia Martín de León 199 Gender Serena Bassi 204 Genetic criticism Anthony Cordingley 208 Globalization Michael Cronin 213 Greek and Roman texts Lorna Hardwick 218 Healthcare interpreting Elena Davitti 223 Hermeneutics Theo Hermans 227 Historiography Christopher Rundle 232 History of interpreting Ting Guo 237 History of translation James St. André 242 Hybridity Sarah Maitland 246 Ideology Tong King Lee 252 Institutional translation Ji-Hae Kang 256 Intersectionality Hilary Brown 261 Intertextuality Panagiotis Sakellariou 266 Language teaching Sara Laviosa 271 Legal interpreting Philipp Sebastian Angermeyer 275 Legal translation M. Rosario Martín Ruano 280 Lingua franca, interpreting (ELF) Michaela Albl-Mikasa 285 Lingua franca, translation Karen Bennett 290 Literary translation Francis R. Jones 294 Localization Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo 299 Machine translation Dorothy Kenny 305 Media and mediality Guyda Armstrong 310 Media interpreting Eugenia Dal Fovo 315 Memory Sharon Deane-Cox 320 Metaphorics Rainer Guldin 324 Migration Moira Inghilleri 329 Minority Michael Cronin 334 Mock-translation Randa Aboubakr 338 Multilingualism Rainier Grutman 341 Multimodality Luis Pérez-González 346 Music Şebnem Susam-Saraeva 351 Narrative Henry Jones 356 Nations and nation-building Brian James Baer 361 News translation Esperança Bielsa 365 Non-professional interpreting Aída Martínez-Gómez 370 Norms Cornelia Zwischenberger 375 Note-taking Michaela Albl-Mikasa 380 Online and digital contexts Renée Desjardins 386 Orality Siobhán McElduff 390 Orientalism Phrae Chittiphalangsri and Valerie Henitiuk 395 Contents vii Paratexts Kathryn Batchelor 401 Philosophy Philip Wilson 405 Poetry Jean Boase-Beier 410 Politics Fruela Fernández and Jonathan Evans 414 Polysystem theory Mark Shuttleworth 419 Positioning Theo Hermans 423 Postcolonialism Christi A. Merrill 428 Pragmatics Silvia Bruti 432 Process research Hanna Risku 437 Pseudotranslation Paolo Rambelli 441 Publishing landscapes Angela Kershaw† 445 Pure language Mathelinda Nabugodi 449 Quality, interpreting Olalla García Becerra and Ángela Collados Aís 454 Quality, translation Sonia Colina 458 Qur’an (Koran) translation Alamin Mazrui 463 Relay James St. André 470 Research methodologies, interpreting Cornelia Zwischenberger 474 Research methodologies, translation Maialen Marin-Lacarta 479 Retranslation Şehnaz Tahir Gürçağlar 484 Reviewing and criticism Anna Strowe 490 Rewriting Dimitris Asimakoulas 494 Role Laura Gavioli 499 Sacred texts Hephzibah Israel 505 Scientific translation Maeve Olohan 510 Self-translation Rainier Grutman 514 Semiotics Renée Desjardins 518 Sexuality Serena Bassi 522 Sign language interpreting Lorraine Leeson and Sarah Sheridan 526 Social systems Theo Hermans 531 Sociolinguistics Philipp Sebastian Angermeyer 535 Strategies Anna Gil-Bardají 540 Structuration theory Rebecca Tipton 545 Subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing Pablo Romero-Fresco 549 Subtitling, interlingual Dionysios Kapsaskis 554 Symbolic interactionism Annalisa Sandrelli 560 Technology, audiovisual translation Minako O’Hagan 565 Technology, interpreting Sabine Braun 569 Technology, translation Maeve Olohan 574 Terminology Lynne Bowker 579 Theatre translation Geraldine Brodie 584 Thick translation Theo Hermans 588 Training and education, curriculum Dorothy Kelly and Anne Martin 591 Training and education, theory and practice Kelly Washbourne 597 Translatability Theo Hermans 602 Travel writing Susan Pickford 606 Travelling theory Sue-Ann Harding 611 War Hilary Footitt 616 World literature Rebecca Ruth Gould 621 Bibliography 627 Author Index 855 Subject Index 862 List of illustrations Figures Figure 1: Th e PACTE translation competence model 91 Figure 2: Translation competence model 92 Figure 3: Different areas of research in localization studies 301 Table Table1: Spanish translation of Alexandre de Laborde’s Itinéraire descriptif de l’Espagne 610 Consultant editors Michaela Albl-Mikasa ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland Kathryn Batchelor University College London, UK Moira Inghilleri University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA Dorothy Kenny Dublin City University, Ireland Raffaela Merlini Università di Macerata, Italy Carol O’Sullivan University of Bristol, UK Tarek Shamma Binghamton University, USA James St. Andre The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China