Routes, Roads and Landscapes This page intentionally left blank Routes, Roads and Landscapes Edited by Mari Hvattum and Janike Kampevold Larsen The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Norway Brita Brenna and Beate Elvebakk University of Oslo, Norway First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprintof the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2011 Mari Hvattum, Brita Brenna, Beate Elvebakk and Janike Kampevold Larsen Mari Hvattum, Brita Brenna, Beate Elvebakk and Janike Kampevold Larsen have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in anyform or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage orretrieval s ystem, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Routes, roads and landscapes. 1. Landscape assessment. 2. Geographical perception. 3. Roads. 4. Roads in art. 5. Transportation. 6. Transportation in art. I. Hvattum, Mari, 1966- 304.2-dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Routes, roads and landscapes / by Mari Hvattum... [et. al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-0820-8 (hardback) 1. Landscape assessment. 2. Geographical perception. 3. Roads. 4. Scenic byways. 5. Automobile travel. I. Hvattum, Mari, 1966- GF90.R68 2011 704.9'436--dc22 2011012513 ISBN 9781409408208 (hbk) Contents List of Figures ix Notes on Contributors xiii Acknowledgements xvii Introduction: Routes, Roads and Landscapes 1 Mari Hvattum, Brita Brenna, Beate Elvebakk, Janike Kampevold Larsen SECTION I MOVING THROUGH THE LANDSCAPE 1 King of the Road: Describing Norwegian Landscapes in the Eighteenth Century 13 Brita Brenna 2 Flow: Rivers, Roads, Routes and Cartographies of Leisure 27 Vittoria Di Palma 3 ‘To Lead the Curious to Points of View’: The Eighteenth-Century Design of Irish Roads, Routes and Landscapes 45 Finola O’Kane 4 A Road with a View: C.F. Vogt’s Painting of Krokkleiva 59 Torild Gjesvik 5 Landscape’s Imprint: On the Physiognomy of Plants around 1800 71 Charlotte Klonk 6 Travel, en route Writing, and the Problem of Correspondence 85 Charles W.J. Withers SECTION II THE ROUTE AS ICON AND OCCURRENCE 7 Redefining the American Sublime, from Open Road to Interstate 99 David E. Nye 8 The Man Who Loved Views: C.A. Pihl and the Making of the Modern Landscape 113 Mari Hvattum 9 Staging the Driving Experience: Parkways in Germany and the United States 125 Thomas Zeller 10 The Concept of Flow in Regional Planning: Benton MacKaye’s Contribution to the Tennessee Valley Authority 139 Christine Macy, Sarah Bonnemaison 11 Aerocabs and Skycar Cities: Utopian Landscapes of Mobility 151 Even Smith Wergeland SECTION III LANDSCAPES OF MOBILITY 12 Towards a Politics of Mobility 163 Tim Cresswell 13 Curating Views: The Norwegian Tourist Route Project 179 Janike Kampevold Larsen 14 Stop, Rest and Digest: Feeding People into Nature 191 Lars Frers 15 Roadside Aesthetics: Guidelines from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration 201 Beate Elvebakk 16 Enfolding and Gathering the Landscape: A Geography of England’s M1 Corridor 213 Peter Merriman vi Routes, Roads and Landscapes CODA 17 Landscapes on the Road 229 Gernot Böhme (Translated by Peter Cripps) Index 237 C o n t e n t s vii This page intentionally left blank List of Figures I.1 C.C.L. Hirschfeld, Theorie der Gartenkunst (1779–85) 1 I.2 Road building in Northern Norway during WWII (photographer unknown) 2 I.3 The Peutinger Table, section IV (fourth to fifth century ad) 4 I.4 Ingrid Book and Carina Hedén, road cut along E6, 2009 7 1.1 ‘Supplikk’ by Henning Munch, 1685 (photo by Leif Stavdahl) 13 1.2 Map showing the King’s route from 2 June to 28 July 1733 15 1.3 King Christian VIs journey through Norway in 1733, frontispiece (photo by Arthur Sand) 17 1.4 Map of the area around Sarpefossen, showing section of King Christian VI’s Norwegian journey of 1733 (photo by Arthur Sand) 18 1.5 Waarstigen, part of King Christian VIs Norwegian journey of 1733 (photo by Arthur Sand) 19 1.6 Manseidet, part of King Christian VI’s Norwegian journey of 1733 (photo by Arthur Sand) 19 1.7 Prospect de Güldelöw, Fridrichssteen, Storetaarn & Oberberg (Mathias Blumenthal 1746, drawing on paper) 20 1.8 Manseidet (etching by Peter Cramer, based on a drawing by Hieronimo Miani, n.d.) 21 1.9 Gallerne (etching based on a drawing by Mathias Blumenthal, photo by Arthur Sand) 22 2.1 William Gilpin, Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, &c. Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; Made In the Summer of the Year 1770 (London, 1782) (photo by Daniel Talesnik and Nicolas Stutzin) 30 2.2 William Gilpin, Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, &c. Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; Made In the Summer of the Year 1770 (London, 1782) (photo by Daniel Talesnik and Nicolas Stutzin) 32 2.3 John Ogilby, Britannia, Volume the First: Or, an Illustration of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales: By a Geographical and Historical Description of the Principal Roads thereof (London, 1675) 34 2.4 John Cary, Cary’s Survey of the High Roads from London to Hampton Court (London, 1790) 37 2.5 ‘Panorama of the Thames from Windsor to the Nore’, from The Illustrated Hand-Book to London and Its Environs: With Fifty Engravings, and a Panorama of the River Thames from Windsor to the Nore (London, 1853) 38 2.6 William Wade, Panorama of the Hudson River from New York to Albany (New York, 1846) 39