P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 This page intentionally left blank ii P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record This book examines how Romans used their pottery and the implications of these practices for the archaeological record. It is organized around a flow model for the life cycle of Roman pottery that includes a set of eight distinctpractices:manufacture,distribution,primeuse,reuse,maintenance, recycling, discard, and reclamation. J. Theodore Pen˜a evaluates how these practicesoperated,howtheyhaveshapedthearchaeologicalrecord,andthe implicationsoftheseprocessesforarchaeologicalresearchthroughtheexam- inationofawidearrayofarchaeological,textual,representational,andcom- parativeethnographicevidence.Theresultisarichportrayalofthedynamic thatshapedthearchaeologicalrecordoftheancientRomansthatwillbeof interest to archaeologists, ceramicists, and students of material culture. J.TheodorePen˜aisChairoftheDepartmentofClassicsattheUniversityat Buffalo,SUNY.AspecialistinthearchaeologyoftheRomaneconomyand ceramicanalysis,heistheauthorofTheUrbanEconomyintheEarlyDominate: Pottery Evidence from the Palatine Hill and The Mobilization of State Olive Oil in Roman Africa: The Evidence of Late 4th Century Ostraca from Carthage. i P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 ii P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record J. Theodore Pen˜a iii CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521865418 © J. Theodore Pena 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-28502-8 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-10 0-511-28650-3 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-86541-8 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-86541-7 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 En memoria de mi padre, Jose´ Ángel Pen˜a, quien siempre anhelo´ parir un libro. v P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 vi P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 Contents (cid:2) Tables pageix (cid:2) Figures x (cid:2) Maps xv (cid:2) Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 1 / A Modelof theLifeCycleof RomanPottery 6 2 / BackgroundConsiderations 17 3 / Manufacture andDistribution 32 4 / PrimeUse 39 5 / TheReuseof Amphorae as Packaging Containers 61 6 / TheReuseof Amphorae for PurposesOtherthan as Packaging Containers 119 7 / TheReuseof theOtherFunctionalCategoriesof Pottery 193 8 / Maintenance 209 9 / Recycling 250 10 / DiscardandReclamation 272 11 / ModelingtheFormationof theRomanPotteryRecord 319 Appendix:Amphora ClassesReferred tointheText 353 (cid:2) Maps 359 (cid:2) Endnotes 369 (cid:2) Bibliography 385 (cid:2) IndexofAncientTextsCited 409 (cid:2) GeneralIndex 415 vii P1:KNP 0521865417pre CUFX092/Pena 0521865417 Printer:cupusbw March12,2007 17:44 viii