PELICAN mS'RpRY OF ART ROMAN IJV^ERIAL ARCHITECTURE WARD-PEgklNS J.B. II c^ c 0. I" YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS PELICAN HISTORY OF ART FoundingEditor: NikolausPevsner J. B. Ward-Perkins ^ ROMAN IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE John Ward-Perkins, born in 1912, was from 1946 to 1974 Director ofthe British School."at« Rome. HetaughtintheUnited Statesand inAustraha,andconductedarchitecturalreseart^v- and excavations in Italy, North Africa, Turkey, and Britain. He was largely responsible for^^ the'Pompeiia.d.79'exhibition.ThebestknownofhismanypublicationsarehisandJocetyn,.. Toynbee's The Shrine ofSt Peter (1956) and his Cities oj Ancient Greece and Italy (197^^ John Ward-Perkins died in 1981. B. Ward-Perkins Roman Imperial J, Architecture Yale University Press New Haven andLondon Firstpublished 1970 as Parts Two- FourofEtruscan andRomanArchitectureby Penguin Books Ltd. Second (integrated) editionpublished underthe titleRomanImperialArchitecture, 1981 Newimpression 1994byYale University Press 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 Copyright©J.B. Ward-Perkins, 1970, 1981 Set in Monophoto Ehrhardt Printed in China through World Print Ltd Designedby Gerald Cinamon and Bob Wright All rights reserved. This bookmay notbe reproduced inwhole orinpart, in any form (beyond thatcopyingpermitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law and exceptby reviewers forthe public press), withoutwrittenpermission from the publishers. LIBRARYOFCONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Ward-Perkins,John Bryan, 1912-1981 Roman Imperial Architecture (The Pelican history ofart) Bibliograph: p. 498 Includes index I. Architecture, Roman. I. Title. II. Series: Pelican history ofart NA310W34 722'.7 79-26799 ISBN 300 05292 8 CONTENTS Foreword 9 Maps 12 Part One: Architecture in RomeandItalyfrom Augustus to the Mid Third Century 1. Augustan Rome 21 2. Architecture in Rome under theJulio-Claudian Emperors (A.D. 14-68) 45 Tiberius (a.d. 14-37) 45 Caligula (a.d. 37-41) 48 Claudius (a.d. 41-54) 52 Nero (a.d. 54-68) 56 3. Architecture in Romefrom Vespasian to Trajan (A.D. 6g-iij) 63 Vespasian (a.d. 69-79) 63 Titus (a.d. 79-81) 70 Domitian (a.d. 81-96) 73 Nerva and Trajan (a.d. 96-117) 84 4. MaterialsandMethods: The Roman ArchitecturalRevolution 97 5. Architecture in Romefrom Hadrian to AlexanderSeverus (A.D. ii/-2j^) 121 Hadrian (a.d. 117-38) 121 Antoninus Pius to Commodus (a.d. 138-93) 124 The Severan Emperors (a.d. 193-235) 126 Private Funerary Architecture in the Second Century 135 6. Ostia 141 TheEarly Imperial City 141 Ostia in the Second and Third Centuries 145 7. Italy under theEarly Empire 157 Campania 157 Northern Italy 171 8. DomesticArchitecture in Town and Country 185 The Towns 185 Suburbs and Countryside 193 The Late Roman Town Houses ofOstia 210 . CONTENTS Part Two: The Architecture ofthe Roman Provinces g. Gaulandthe European Provinces 213 The Iberian Peninsula 214 Gaul, Britain, and the Germanies 219 Central and South-EasternEurope 246 10. Greece 255 Corinth 255 Athens 263 Other Roman Sites 271 11 Asia Minor 273 Building Materials and Techniques 273 The Central Plateau 278 TheWestern Coastlands 280 Pamphylia and Cilicia 299 The Contribution ofAsia Minor to the Architecture ofthe Empire 305 12. TheArchitecture ofthe Roman East 307 Judaea: The Buildings ofHerod the Great 309 Baalbek and the Lebanon 314 North-West Syria 325 Damascus 328 Southern Syria: Petra and the Decapolis 328 The Hauran 339 The Mesopotamian Frontier Lands: Dura-Europos and Hatra 347 Palmyra 354 13. The North African Provinces 363 Egypt 363 Cyrenaica 368 Tripolitania 370 Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco 391 CONTENTS • 7 Part Three: Late Pagan Architecture in Romeandin the Provinces 14. Architecture in Romefrom Maximin to Constantine (a.d. 2j^~jjy) 415 15. TheArchitecture ofthe Tetrarchy in the Provinces 441 Trier 442 Thessalonike (Salonica) 449 Spalato (Split) 454 Piazza Armerina 460 North Italy 464 Constantinople 465 List ofPrincipal Abbreviations 467 Notes 469 Select Glossary 491 Bibliography 498 List ofIllustrations 511 Index 518 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 http://www.archive.org/details/romanimperialarcOOjbwa