Risk Policy and Strategic Risk Appetite May, 2015 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Statement of Risk Policy and Risk Appetite ........................................................................................................ 4 Opportunity Appraisal Approach ........................................................................................................................ 7 The Opportunity Appraisal Process has 4 steps: ................................................................................................ 7 Step 1: Risk Profile Evaluation ........................................................................................................................ 8 Step 2: Consideration of Risk Appetite ........................................................................................................... 9 1. Eco Village Proposal Risk Appetite Map ................................................................................................. 9 2. Swimming Pool Proposal Risk Appetite Map ........................................................................................ 10 3. Lyell Centre Proposal Risk Appetite Map ............................................................................................. 10 Step 3: Benefit Profile Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 11 Step 4: Evaluating Benefit versus Risk .......................................................................................................... 12 Portfolio Evaluation .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Assessing Multiple Opportunities on a Portfolio Basis ................................................................................. 14 Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Developments in Practice ‐ Risk Appetite ..................................................................................................... 17 Page 2 of 19 Risk Policy and Strategic Risk Appetite Introduction 1. Heriot‐Watt’s vision is to be world leading, within all its specialist areas of science, engineering, technology, and business. The University will strengthen research intensity in fields of economic and societal benefit; provide truly global education while maintaining our Scottish roots; and deliver excellent student experience and highly employable graduates. In its Strategic Plan 2013‐2018, the University has outlined its ambitions and objectives for growth and development across 4 key strategic objective areas: Learning, Teaching and the Student Experience Research Intensification and Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Enabling Strategies The University does not generally have an appetite for high exposure risks but recognises that delivering upon the ambitious strategic aims and objectives outlined in the Strategic Plan 2013‐18 will involve a degree of risk‐taking and uncertainty. As such, there is an appetite for higher levels of risk where appropriate in order to deliver upon strategic aims, objectives, and targets. However, it is also important to note that the University's approach to risk taking will continue to be managed within our established risk management policy, framework, and process. As such, higher levels of risk will only be accepted on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the exposures involved, potential benefits arising and subject to appropriate mitigation, control responses, and approval arrangements being in place. 2. The management of risks in the University is undertaken within a framework comprising: Governance processes Risk Policy and Appetite statement. Identification, evaluation and management of significant risks Assurance and audit processes The underlying policy and control environment. 3. The Statement of Risk Policy and Appetite specifies the amount of risk the University is willing to tolerate or accept in the pursuit of its long term objectives. It indicates the parameters within which the University would want to conduct its activities. The statement below has been considered by the University Executive, the Audit, and Risk Committee and formally adopted by the University Court. 4. Good practice in Risk Management indicates that all organisations should specify their appetite for risk at a generic level related to the nature of activities within the organisation. The attached Appendix provides the background to the developments in risk management practice that lie behind the adoption of this Statement of Risk Policy and Appetite by the University. 5. In terms of priorities, the need to avoid reputational, compliance and excessive financial risk will take priority over other factors e.g. it will be acceptable to undertake risks in research activities providing they do not expose the University to undue reputational, compliance, or excessive financial risk. A balanced Page 3 of 19 assessment has to be taken of risks, in many cases there are risks attached to both doing something and doing nothing. 6. Given the devolved nature of the University, the Statement is intended to act as a guide to academic and professional managers and committees indicating the: Areas where colleagues should step out and be innovative, Areas where colleagues should be conservative and compliant in their activities, and The “Lines” across which the University Court and the University Executive would not wish to cross, and where the University Executive and Court would need to be notified 7. Where appropriate, the implementation of the Statement will be incorporated into processes and procedures of the University. 8. Responsibility for managing the activities of the University within the Statement of Risk Policy and Risk Appetite lies with the management of the University in particular Heads of Schools, Institutes and Professional Service and Subsidiary Companies, as well as key University Committees. Statement of Risk Policy and Risk Appetite The University’s approach is to minimise its exposure to reputational, compliance and excessive financial risk, whilst accepting and encouraging more risk in pursuit of its mission and objectives. It recognises that its appetite for risk varies according to the activity undertaken, and that its acceptance of risk is subject always to ensuring that potential benefits and risks are fully understood before developments are authorised, and that sensible measures to mitigate risk are established. The University’s appetite for risk across its activities is provided in the following table of descriptions. Strategic Risk Appetite Descriptions Compliance, The University is committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity, Regulation & Ethics compliance, and ethics. As such the University has no appetite for any breaches in statute, regulation, professional standards, research ethics, bribery, or fraud. Including systems and processes. Learning & Teaching The University is committed to delivering high quality learning and teaching for all of its students as well as developing enhanced approaches to learning and teaching. This will involve further investment in learning and teaching facilities / infrastructure and continual updating and refreshing of the curriculum. In delivering its objectives, the University recognises the need to identify solutions to meet increasingly diverse student needs and to further its work with professional bodies and industry to ensure success for our graduates and their employers. As such, we will continue to seek and invest in new and innovative approaches. We recognise that this will involve an increased degree of risk in developing education and are comfortable in accepting this risk subject always to ensuring that potential benefits and risk are fully understood before developments are authorised and that sensible measures are in place to mitigate risk are embedded. Page 4 of 19 Research and The University is committed to ambitious and performance‐driven progress in Knowledge Transfer research and knowledge exchange including: promoting new fields of research and generating critical mass in research capacity; developing further strategic academic and industrial collaborations and partnerships nationally and internationally; facilitating enhanced research opportunities, performance and funding through institutes, international campuses and research centres; supporting innovation and entrepreneurship and increasing the number of research students. The University recognises this this will involve an increased degree of risk in developing research subject to: limitation imposed by ethical considerations and ensuring that potential benefits and risks are fully understood before developments are agreed and that appropriate measures to mitigate risk are established. Internationalisation The University has a reputation as Scotland’s ‘international University’ and is among the UK’s top 5 universities in terms of international presence and number of international students. The University has committed to rapid international growth and will continue to assess further overseas campuses where appropriate as well as increasing the internationalisation of its research/knowledge exchange activities and the international mobility of students and staff. The University recognises that this will involve an increased degree of risk in developing international activities. The University is comfortable in accepting this risk subject to ensuring that the potential benefits and risks are fully understood before developments are agreed and that appropriate measures to mitigate the risks have been agreed. Student Experience The University is committed to further development of facilities and support arrangements for the student learning and living experience and in ensuring that programmes are accessible to the brightest and best from all backgrounds. We will maintain a generally low‐moderate appetite for any risks which threaten the delivery of objectives in this area. Reputation The University has an established and enviable track record for world‐class international learning, teaching, research, and student experience. As such, there is a low appetite for any risks which would impact negatively upon its reputation, ‘brand’, ethical standing, or heritage which could lead to undue adverse publicity, or could lead to loss of confidence by the Scottish, UK and international political establishments and funders of its activities. Financial Performance The University has a sound financial base in terms of annual operating surpluses, and Sustainability diversified and growing income streams, and effective control of costs. The University’s borrowing strategy has historically been conservative but the 2013‐ 2018 strategy will require further investment. The University has a moderate appetite for any risks which impact upon the achievement of the financial targets. The University will ensure that potential benefits and risks are fully understood before developments are agreed and that appropriate measures to mitigate risk Page 5 of 19 are established. Excluding systems and processes. People and Culture The University aims to value support and develop and utilise the full potential of our staff to make the University a stimulating and safe place to work. It places importance on a culture of academic freedom, equality and diversity, dignity and respect, collegiality, annual review, the development of staff and the health and safety of staff, students, and visitors. It has a low appetite for any deviation from its standards in these areas. Manage Major Project Major change activities are required periodically to develop the University, and to Activities –projects, adapt to changes in the regulatory and technological environment and in the change, nature and conduct of the University’s international activities. The University collaborations, and expects such changes to be managed according to best practice in project and mergers change management The University applies the project management disciplines rigorously and so are willing to tackle very difficult projects that pose moderate risk if the resulting benefits justify this. Organisational The University is committed to maintaining continuity of all aspects of its Continuity operations and has a low appetite for any adverse risks, incidents, or events which could impact upon the University’s brand or upon the normal operation of learning, teaching, research and support operations, or access to relevant buildings or facilities. Environment and The University aims to make a significant, sustainable, and socially responsible Social Responsibility contribution to Scotland, the UK and the world through its research, education, knowledge exchange, and operational activities. It recognises that this should involve an increased degree of risk and is comfortable in accepting this risk subject always to ensuring that potential benefits and risks are fully understood before developments are authorised and that sensible measures to mitigate risk are established. Explanatory note For each of the areas of activity, the Risk Appetite Evaluation Map has a coloured bar that represents the level of risk the University regards as the ‘manageable’ zone, where risks will need careful management but may be worth taking. Risks above the bar are in the ‘dangerous’ zone, and represent risks the University is unlikely to be willing to take. Risks below the bar are in the ‘comfortable’ zone where the level of risk does not pose a major threat as long as it is managed sensibly. Thus for “Learning and Teaching”, a risk in the range from the upper end of ‘low’ into ‘moderate’ is regarded as manageable; a very low risk is comfortable; and anything above ‘moderate’ is dangerous. In contrast, the manageable zone for “Research” is ‘major’. Page 6 of 19 Risk Appetite Evaluation Map Net Risk Low Moderate Major Severe Compliance, Regulation & Ethics Learning & Teaching Research & Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Student Experience Reputation Financial Performance & Sustainability People & Culture Manage Major Project Activities Organisational Continuity Environment & Social Responsibility Net Risk Low Moderate Major Severe Opportunity Appraisal Approach The world is full of potential opportunities all carrying some degree of inherent risk, some with more, some with less. Good practice in any organisation is to set out a statement of its risk appetite. In our case this is to state the amount of risk the University is willing to accept. It is imperative that risk is taken into account when appraising any potential project. Decisions are often taken on the basis of avoiding loss as people are influenced more by potential losses than potential gains. However, to evaluate the full potential of an opportunity the associated benefits and risks must both be considered. The HWU Project Management Methodology’s “Opportunity Appraisal Approach”1 document describes the process for the evaluation of candidate opportunities and the assessment of the degree of alignment to strategic objectives. The benefits and risks relating to potential opportunities ought to be evaluated in a consistent manner. The aim is to build a balanced portfolio of day‐to‐day activities, programmes, and projects to implement the strategy of the University. A number of management heuristics that are brought to bear during the decision‐making process assists the process of determining the optimum balance. These include the Values of the University and the University’s Risk Appetite Statement. Opportunity appraisal is an integral component of the HWU PMM Proposal phase. It provides a framework to assess whether or not the benefit / risk profile of an opportunity merits investment by the University. The Opportunity Appraisal Process has 4 steps: 1. Risk Profile Evaluation 2. Consideration of Risk Appetite 3. Benefit Profile Evaluation 4. Evaluating Benefit versus Risk 1 http://intranet.hw.ac.uk/ps/gls/pso/Pages/HWU‐PM‐Toolkit.aspx Page 7 of 19 Step 1: Risk Profile Evaluation The first step is to evaluate the opportunity in terms of its Residual (or “Net”) Risk by employing the procedures described in the HWU “Risk Management Guide”2 and the HWU PMM “Risk Management Approach” 3 toolkit document (both based on HM Treasury’s “The Orange Book: Management of Risk: Principles and Concepts”).4 It should be noted that a balanced assessment has to be taken of risks as in many cases there are risks attached to both doing something and also to not doing it. The opportunity is assessed and plotted on the Risk Evaluation Map shown below. Risk Evaluation Matrix 2 http://intranet.hw.ac.uk/ps/gls/ram/RM/Risk%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx 3 http://intranet.hw.ac.uk/ps/gls/pso/Pages/HWU‐PM‐Toolkit.aspx 4 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/220647/orange_book.pdf Page 8 of 19 Step 2: Consideration of Risk Appetite The next step in the assessment of a potential initiative is its evaluation using the Risk Appetite Evaluation Map which is reproduced below. Net Risk Low Moderate Major Severe Compliance, Regulation & Ethics Learning & Teaching Research & Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Student Experience Reputation Financial Performance & Sustainability People & Culture Manage Major Project Activities Organisational Continuity Environment & Social Responsibility Net Risk Low Moderate Major Severe The analysis of risk appetite is now illustrated in summary graphical form by means of three examples. 1. Eco Village Proposal Risk Appetite Map This shows that the Eco Village proposal breached both the “Financial” and ”Manage Major Project Activities” aspects of the risk appetite statement and was also close to the maximum “Research and Knowledge Transfer”. For each of “Internationalisation”, “Learning & Teaching”, “Student Experience”, “Compliance”, “Reputation”, “People”, and “Continuity” the residual risk is Green and is in the “manageable zone” on the Map. For “Environment” and “Research & Knowledge Transfer” the residual risk is Yellow and Amber respectively but both are still in the “manageable zone” for that area. For “Projects” the residual risk is Amber and for “Financial” the residual risk is Red – both aspects are in the “dangerous zone” therefore this proposal was not taken forward. Net Risk Compliance, Regulation & Ethics Learning & Teaching Research & Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Student Experience Reputation Financial Performance & Sustainability People & Culture Manage Major Project Activities Organisational Continuity Environment & Social Responsibility Net Risk Page 9 of 19 2. Swimming Pool Proposal Risk Appetite Map The Swimming Pool proposal breached the “Financial” aspect of the risk appetite statement as shown below. This proposal was not taken forward. Net Risk Compliance, Regulation & Ethics Learning & Teaching Research & Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Student Experience Reputation Financial Performance & Sustainability People & Culture Manage Major Project Activities Organisational Continuity Environment & Social Responsibility Net Risk 3. Lyell Centre Proposal Risk Appetite Map This proposal was taken forward as it did not breach any of the risk appetite thresholds. Further analysis during the “Start Up” and “Initiation” phases of the HWU PMM process would highlight the potential for achieving considerable benefits for the University which clearly out‐weighed the residual risk of the programme. Net Risk Compliance, Regulation & Ethics Learning & Teaching Research & Knowledge Transfer Internationalisation Student Experience Reputation Financial Performance & Sustainability People & Culture Manage Major Project Activities Organisational Continuity Environment & Social Responsibility Net Risk Page 10 of 19
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