Risk and Hyperconnectivity Oxford Studies in Digital Politics Series Editor: Andrew Chadwick, Royal Holloway, University of London Using Technology, Building Bits and Atoms: Information and Democracy: Digital Campaigning and Communication Technology in Areas of the Construction of Citizenship Limited Statehood Jessica Baldwin-P hilippi Steven Livingston and Gregor Walter- Drop Expect Us: Online Communities and Digital Cities: The Internet and the Political Mobilization Geography of Opportunity Jessica L. Beyer Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert, and William W. Franko The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power Revolution Stalled: The Political Limits Andrew Chadwick of the Internet in the Post- Soviet Sphere Sarah Oates Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics Disruptive Power: The Crisis of the State Jason Gainous and Kevin M. Wagner in the Digital Age Taylor Owen The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology Affective Publics: Sentiment, and Political Islam Technology, and Politics Philip N. Howard Zizi Papacharissi Democracy’s Fourth Wave? Digital Presidential Campaigning in the Media and the Arab Spring Internet Age Philip N. Howard and Muzammil Jennifer Stromer-G alley M. Hussain News on the Internet: Information and The MoveOn Effect: The Unexpected Citizenship in the 21st Century Transformation of American Political David Tewksbury and Jason Rittenberg Advocacy The Civic Organization and the Digital David Karpf Citizen: Communicating Engagement Taking Our Country Back: The Crafting in a Networked Age of Networked Politics from Howard Chris Wells Dean to Barack Obama Networked Publics and Digital Daniel Kreiss Contention: The Politics of Everyday Prototype Politics: Technology-Intensive Life in Tunisia Campaigning and the Data of Democracy Mohamed Zayani Daniel Kreiss Risk and Hyperconnectivity MEDIA AND MEMORIES OF NEOLIBERALISM ANDREW HOSKINS and JOHN TULLOCH 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of congress cataloging in publication data Names: Hoskins, Andrew, 1967– author. | Tulloch, John, author. Title: Risk and hyperconnectivity: media and memories of neoliberalism / Andrew Hoskins and John Tulloch. Description: Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, [2016] | Series: Oxford studies in digital politics | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015034921| ISBN 978–0–19–937549–3 (hardcover: alk. paper) | ISBN 978–0–19–937550–9 (pbk.: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Social conflict in mass media. | Protest movements—Press coverage. | Political participation—Press coverage. | Disasters—Press coverage. | Neoliberalism. | Risk—Sociological aspects. | Mass media—Social aspects. | Mass media—Political aspects. Classification: LCC P96.S63 H67 2016 | DDC 303.6—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015034921 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan, USA Contents Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 Part I MEMORIES OF NEOLIBERALISM 2. C ultural Memory, Premediation, and Risk Narratives: Remembering Neoliberalism in the Global Financial Crisis 23 3. P rint Media and the Climax of the Global Financial Crisis: A Case Study of Images, Narratives, Genres, and Memories 52 4. T he New Protest Movements and Dialogical Thinking: Peripheral and Connective Logics 88 5. The New Protest Movements and Mainstream Newspapers: A Case Study of the 2009 London Anti- G20 Demonstrations 108 6. F rom Tabloids to Broadsheets: A Case Study of “Everyday” and “Premediated” Journalism during the Global Financial Crisis 161 7. D efining Perception in Established Media and the Challenge from Emergence: Two Case Studies 196 Part II SCARCITY AND POSTSCARCITY 8. M emory and the Archival Event: A Case Study of the Coroner’s Inquest into the 2005 London Bombings 219 vi contents 9. The 2011 English Riots: A Case Study 243 10. The Piketty Event: A Case Study 258 11. H acked Off: A Case Study of the New Risk of Emergence 271 12. On Memory and Forgetting 297 Notes 311 References 317 Index 325 Acknowledgments Our collaboration on Risk and Hyperconnectivity was significantly aided through John Tulloch’s award of a senior research fellowship at the Adam Smith Research Foundation, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK, in 2012– 2013 and we are grateful for their recognition and support of our interdisciplinary work. Over the four years of this collaboration we are indebted to many people who have generously given their time and assistance, including personal sup- port as well as intellectual guidance. Shona Illingworth first introduced us at her Memory and War Forum at the Wellcome Collection in 2008 and we are grateful for her continuing inspiration and support on a number of proj- ects, including on her innovative Amnesia Forums. Our collaboration on the 2005 London bombings work began through an Arts and Humanities Research Project led by Hoskins (Conflicts of Memory:  Mediating and Commemorating the 2005 London Bombings, Award no. AH/ E002579/ 1) and on this and for wider support we are very grateful to Nuria Lorenzo- Dus, Steven D. Brown, and Matthew Allen, and we are also grateful to Annie Bryan. William Merrin’s bold interventions in Media Studies have influenced our thinking on this work, as has Hoskins’ collaboration with Ben O’Loughlin on numerous projects and books. We are also grateful to Stevie Docherty for her help through several stages of the preparation of the manuscript and her advice on our media and riots case study chapter. Our thanks are due also to Marian Tulloch for her careful and intelligent reading of the copy edited proofs, and to Janet Andrew for her extremely professional work on the index. The development of our work has benefited from critical feedback from a diverse set of academic and public audiences, including our panel with Shona Illingworth at the “Anxiety in Late Modernity” Symposium, Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design in 2014; Tulloch’s masterclasses and other talks at the University of Glasgow; Hoskins’ talk on the “Crisis, What Crisis” vii viii acknowledgments Panel, The Sociolinguistics of Globalization Conference, University of Hong Kong; and at the “Threats to Openness in the Digital World” Conference, Northumbria University, both in 2015. We are very grateful to the Digital Politics Series editor Andrew Chadwick for his support from outline proposal stage through to final manuscript and also to our OUP editor, Angela Chnapko for her faith in the project, and also to Princess Ikatekit. We are grateful to the anonymous proposal readers and to the reader of the final manuscript for their constructive comments and impor- tant advice. Risk and Hyperconnectivity