RICHARD III Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation William Shakespeare PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Richard III Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation William Shakespeare PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Richard III: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United states of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retryval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publiSHERIFF. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmd permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25356-9 iii Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR..........................................................................................1 PERSONS REPRESENTED................................................................................................3 ACT ONE..........................................................................................................................5 ACT TWO........................................................................................................................55 ACT THREE....................................................................................................................77 ACT FOUR....................................................................................................................117 ACT FIVE......................................................................................................................159 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................181 William Shakespeare 1 PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Richard III by William Shakespeare was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online- dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org 1 P S A T ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. William Shakespeare 3 PERSONS REPRESENTED.% KING EDWARD THE FOURTH ELIZABETH, Queen to King Edward IV EDWARD, Prince of Wales } afterwards King Edward V sons to the King RICHARD, Duke of York GEORGE, Duke of Clarence } RICHARD, Duke of Gloster, brother’s to the king afterwards King Richard III DUCHESS OF YORK, mother to King Edward IV, Clarence, and Gloster LADY ANNE, widow to Edward, prince of Wales, son to King MARGARET, widow to King Henry VI A YOUNG SON OF CLARENCE A YOUNG DAUGHTER OF CLARENCE HENRY, Earl of Richmond, afterwards King Henry VII CARDINAL BOURCHIER, Archbishop of Canterbury THOMAS ROTHERHAM, Archbishop of York JOHN MORTON, Bishop of Ely DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM DUKE OF NORFOLK EARL OF SURREY, his son EARL RIVERS, brother to King Edward's Queen MARQUIS OF DORSET and LORD GREY, her sons EARL OF OXFORD LORD HASTINGS LORD STANLEY LORD LOVEL SIR THOMAS VAUGHAN SIR RICHARD RATCLIFF SIR WILLIAM CATESBY Thesaurus afterwards: (adv) afterward, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) subsequently, later, thereafter, later queen. on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, following, subsequent; (n) mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) termination. father; (v) engender, generate, beget. brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, associate, counterpart, crony, duke, king, chief, maharaja, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke. sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) widow: (n) woman, relict, widower, enemy, opposer, opponent. adult female, widow woman, war king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, widow, nobbled line; (adj) widowed, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, additional; (v) leave behind. 4 Richard III SIR JAMES TYRREL SIR JAMES BLOUNT SIR WALTER HERBERT SIR ROBERT BRAKENBURY, Lieutenant of the tower CHRISTOPHER URSWICK, a priest ANOTHER PRIEST LORD MAYOR OF LONDON SHERIFF OF WILTSHERE HENRY VI; afterwards married to the Duke of Gloster LORDS, and other ATTENDANTS; two GENTLEMEN, a PURSUIVANT, SCRIVENER, CITIZENS, MURDERERS, MESSENGERS, GHOSTS, SOLDIERS, etc.% Thesaurus afterwards: (adv) afterward, minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, subsequently, later, thereafter, later pastor, celebrant, parson, cleric, on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) presbyter, chaplain. following, subsequent; (n) tower: (n) column, spire, steeple, termination. pinnacle, pylon, castle; (adj, n) pillar; married: (adj) wedded, conjugal, (v) ascend, rise, loom, arise. matrimonial, connubial, nuptial, united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public. priest: (adj, n) clergyman, divine; (n) William Shakespeare 5 ACT ONE.% SCENE I. [Enter RICHARD Duke of Gloster, solus.] RICHARD. Now is the Winter of our Discontent, Made glorious Sumr by this son of York: And all the clouds that lowr'd upon our house In the deep bosom of the Ocean buried. Now are our browes bound with Victorious Wreathes, Our bruised arms hung up for Monuments; Our sterne alarums chang'd to merry Meetings; Our dreadful Marches, to delightfull Measures. Grim-visag'd War, hath smooth'd his wrinkled Front: And now, in stead of mounting Barbed Steeds, To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, He capers nimbly in a ladies Chamber, To the lasciuious pleasing of a Lute. But I, that am not shap'd for sportiue trickes, Nor made to court an amorous Looking-glasse: I, that am Rudely stampt, and want love’s majesty, Thesaurus amorous: (adj) amatory, romantic, surbet, sore to the touch, painful. rapidly, readily; (adj) dexterously; amative, affectionate, passionate, fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, (adj, adv) neatly. ANTONYMS: (adv) fond, warm, ardent, erotic, tender, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, lethargically, heavily, awkwardly. impassioned. ANTONYMS: (adj) horror, consternation, apprehension. stead: (n) behalf, room, lieu, spot, cold, hateful, repulsed, unfriendly, ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, location, station, space, seat, position, cool. courage, confidence, security. office, locality. bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, mounting: (n, v) mount; (adj, n) sterne: (n) Laurence Sterne. thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; climbing; (n) ascent, setting, climb, wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. frame, assembly, chassis, framework, puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority. ascension; (adj, adv) rising. crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, bruised: (adj) wounded, hurt, raw, nimbly: (adv) adroitly, alertly, lightly, crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) sore, livid, tender, sensitive, rotten, energetically, cleverly, hastily, deftly, unwrinkled, ironed, straight.