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Rhumba-Ramble w Examples Ago 15 PDF

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UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Caribbean and the Avant-Garde: Luciano Berio's Rhumba-Ramble Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g99b1pf Author Calzada, Orlando Manuel Publication Date 2015 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g99b1pf#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA   Los  Angeles       The  Caribbean  and  the  Avant-­‐Garde:   Luciano  Berio’s  Rhumba-­‐Ramble           A  dissertation  submitted  in  partial  satisfaction  of  the     requirements  of  the  degree  Doctor  of  Philosophy     in  Music       by       Orlando  M.  Calzada                       2015 © Copyright by Orlando M. Calzada 2015 ABSTRACT  OF  THE  DISSERTATION     The  Caribbean  and  the  Avant-­‐Garde:   Luciano  Berio’s  Rhumba-­‐Ramble     by   Orlando  M.  Calzada   Doctor  of  Philosophy  in  Music   University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2015   Professor  Ian  Krouse,  Chair         Abstract     With  the  establishment  of  the  first  Spanish  settlement  in  Las  Américas  called  La   Navidad  –  in   what   is   today   Dominican   Republic   –   Cristobal   Colón   established   official   domination  of  Europe  over  the  newly  discovered  land.    A  new  era  of  worldwide  exchange   started  to  reshape  territories,  societies,  cultures  and  relationships  between  peoples  around   the  globe.    Early  in  the  16th  Century,  as  Charles  C.  Mann  explains  in  his  book  14931,  “slaves   from  Africa  mined  silver  in  the  Americas  for  sale  to  China;  Spanish  merchants  waited   impatiently  for  the  latest  shipment  of  Asian  silk  and  porcelain  from  Mexico;  Dutch  sailors   traded  cowry  shells  from  the  Maldive  Island  in  the  Indian  Ocean  for  human  beings  in                                                                                                                   1  Charles  C.  Mann,  1493:  Uncovering  the  New  World  Columbus  Created  (New  York:  Vintage  Books,  2011),  6.     ii Angola”   while   “tobacco   from   the   Caribbean   ensorcelled   the   wealthy   and   powerful   in   Madrid,  Madras,  Mecca  and  Manila.”     The  musical  arena  was  not  exempt  from  the  dynamic  phenomenon  created  by  this   globalization.    Slaves  brought,  from  Africa,  a  strong  and  sophisticated  sense  of  melodic   rhythm  and  percussive  tradition  and  the  European  colonizers  imposed  their  overpowering   structural  and  harmonic  tendencies.    Although  the  Taínos2  were  eradicated  in  a  few  years   after  the  beginnings  of  the  colonization,  they  also  contributed  to  this  cultural  amalgamation   with  prototypes  of  musical  instruments  commonly  used  in  Caribbean  music  today.       Because   of   the   historic   socio-­‐political   situation   from   the   16th  through   the   19th   Century,  the  importation  of  European  music  to  the  Caribbean  concert  halls  was  emphasized   over  the  exportation  of  the  Caribbean  popular  music  to  homogeneous  venues  in  Europe.   Yet,  by  1850’s,  the  New  Orleans  pianist  and  composer,  Louis  Moreau  Gottschalk  took  on  the   mission  of  composing  music  full  of  Caribbeanism  with  the  purpose  of  presenting  it  in  the   concert  hall.    Inspired  by  his  experiences  in  Cuba  and  Puerto  Rico,  Cocoyé  (1853)  and   Souvenir  de  Porto  Rico  (1857)3  were  early  prototypes  in  the  development  of  the  influence   of  Caribbean  music  on  classical  composers.    Since  then,  Caribbean  music  has  become  part   of  the  influences  embraced  by  classical  composers  around  the  globe.    It  has  been  a  fountain   of  inspiration  in  pieces  where  the  composer’s  style  interweaves  with  its  elements  and  its   character.    Hector  Berlioz,  Georges  Bizet,  Maurice  Ravel,  Claude  Debussy,  Camille  Saint-­‐ Saens,   Aaron   Copland,   George   Gershwin,   Leonard   Bernstein,   Hans   Werner   Henze   and   György  Ligeti,  all  adopted  Caribbean  elements  into  their  music  while  preserving  their  own                                                                                                                   2  Natives  of  the  Greater  Antilles   3  Starr  S.  Frederick,  Louis  Moreau  Gottschalk  (Urbana  and  Chicago:  University  of  Illinois,  2000),  266.           iii styles.    In  Rhumba-­‐Ramble,  Luciano  Berio,  as  did  his  fellow  composers,  embraces  Caribbean   elements  and  its  substance,  allowing  them  to  become  pillars  of  the  piece  while  still  being   truthful  to  his  own  compositional  voice.    This  analysis  of  Rhumba-­‐Ramble  will  identify  and   discuss  the  specific  ways  in  which  the  composition  serves  Berio  as  a  vehicle  to  manifest  his   idiosyncrasy  in  perfect  integration  with  traditional  dance  Caribbean  music.                                   iv This  dissertation  of  Orlando  M.  Calzada  is  approved.                 David  Lefkowitz               Steve  Loza                 James  Newton               Neal  Stulberg             Ian  Krouse,  Committee  Chair       University  of  California,  Los  Angeles   2015                           v Dedication       This  dissertation  is  dedicated  to  my  wife  Mayra  whose  mission  in  life  seems   to  be  to  love  and  support  me.    You  deserve  more  than  I  could  ever  give  you,  I  am   sure  that  we  will  enjoy  the  fruits  of  our  efforts  together  for  years  to  come.     I   also   dedicate   this   dissertation   to   my   parents   Orlando   and   Nelly.     The   support  that  you  have  given  me  goes  beyond  anything  imaginable.    I  am  infinitely   proud  and  grateful  to  have  been  born  of  you.                                                         vi Table  of  Content         Acknowledgments                                                      viii     Biographical  Sketches                    ix     Introduction                        1     I.  Background  and  the  Path  to  Rhumba-­‐Ramble              3     II.  Rhumba                        6       1.  Clave                        6       2.  Tresillo                  11         3.  The  Rhumba                  23         4.  Ramble                  24         5.  Mambo                    31       6.  Son                      36     IV.  Ramble                    41       7.  The  Row                  41       8.  The  Use  of  the  Row              46       9.  Intervals                  49       10.  The  Ramble                  61     V.  The  Cycles                      66     VI.  Structure  Summary                73     VII.  Conclusion                  78     VIII.  Bibliography                  81         vii Acknowledgements         I   am   very   grateful   to   my   committee   members   for   being   part   of   this   process,   generously  imparting  me  with  their  knowledge,  experience  and  time.    I  am  especially   grateful   to   Dr.   Ian   Krouse,   my   committee   chairman,   for   all   the   knowledge   and   encouragement   poured   to   me   with   his   special   teaching   gift,   on   this   dissertation   and   throughout  my  years  at  UCLA.    I  am  also  thankful  to  Dr.  David  Lefkowitz  for  the  time  he   dedicated  to  have  constructive  discussions  with  me  about  this  dissertation.  Thanks  to  Dr.   James  Newton  for  sharing  so  much  information  and  spending  such  great  times  exploring   great  topics  of  music.    Thanks  very  much,  Dr.  Steve  Loza  and  Dr.  Neal  Stulberg  for  being   part  of  this  committee.    It  has  been  an  honor.     Many  thanks  to  Edizioni  Survini  Zerboni  –Sugarmusic  S  p.A  for  their  kindness  in   granting  me  permission  to  use  pages  43,  52  and  56  of  the  score  Divertimento  per  Orchestra   as  figures  in  this  dissertation.    Also,  thanks  to  Tom  Somerset  for  helping  me  in  proofreading   and  editing  this  dissertation  and  to  Dr.  Juliet  McMains  for  providing  me  with  important   information,  which  turned  out  to  be  key  for  the  development  of  this  dissertation.     Finally,  I  would  like  to  thank,  who  has  been,  one  of  the  most  important  persons  in   this  process.    My  infinite  gratitude  and  respect  go  to  my  mentor  and  precious  friend  Dr.   Raymond  Torres-­‐Santos.    Your  encouragement,  intellectual  and  emotional  support  has   been  invaluable.                 viii

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In 1950, while in Milan, Berio undertook the task of accompanist for singing classes where he met the young American singer Cathy Berberian, who became his wife a few months later. Berio's visit to Tanglewood was determinant in the development of his craft as much as it was in the development of hi
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