Rheumatology Board Review Rheumatology Board Review Editor Karen Law, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Associate Editor Aliza Lipson, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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Law, Karen, editor of compilation. II. Lipson, Aliza, editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Rheumatic Diseases–Outlines. 2. Rheumatology–Outlines. WE 18.2] RC927 616.7'230076–dc23 2013026486 Cover image: Top image – iStock file #22909211 © zhongguo. Middle image – iStock file #2291786 © Dominik Pabis. Bottom image – iStock file #16004426 © GeorgHanf. Cover design by Matt Kuhns Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Contributors, vii Preface, ix 1 Non-inflammatory joint and soft tissue disorders, 1 Laura Paxton, Schartess Culpepper-Pace, Karen Law 2 Selected topics in rheumatoid arthritis, 27 Athan Tiliakos, Karen Law, Aliza Lipson 3 Selected topics in systemic lupus erythematosus: B cells in lupus and lupus nephritis, 39 Iñaki Sanz, S. Sam Lim 4 Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 55 Cristina Drenkard 5 IgG4-related disease, 65 Arezou Khosroshahi 6 Myopathies, 77 Aliza Lipson 7 Selected topics in pediatric rheumatology, 91 Sampath Prahalad, Sheila Angeles-Han, Kelly A. Rouster-Stevens, Larry Vogler 8 HIV and rheumatic diseases, 129 Karen Law 9 Miscellaneous arthropathies, 137 Robin Geletka, Karen Law 10 Osteoporosis, 149 Karen Law v vi  Contents 11 Review of musculoskeletal radiology, 157 John Payan, Gnanesh Patel, Karen Law 12 Study design, measurement, and basic statistical analysis, 183 Sheila Angeles-Han, Courtney McCracken 13 Update on vasculitis, 193 Karen Law Index, 201 Color plate section facing p. 182 List of Contributors Sheila Angeles-Han, MD, MSc S. Sam Lim, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Associate Professor of Medicine Ophthalmology Clinical Director, Division of Rheumatology Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Emory University School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta, GA, USA Aliza Lipson, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Schartess Culpepper-Pace, MD Division of Rheumatology Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Chen Medical Centers Atlanta, GA, USA Miami, FL, USA Courtney McCracken, PhD Cristina Drenkard, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Laura Paxton, MD Clinical Instructor of Medicine Robin Geletka, MD Division of Rheumatology Rheumatology Medical Science Liaison Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd Emory University School of Medicine San Francisco, CA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA Arezou Khosroshahi, MD John Payan, MD, MPA Assistant Professor of Medicine Section Chief of Musculoskeletal Imaging Division of Rheumatology Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Emory University School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Radiology Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Karen Law, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA vii viii List of Contributors Sampath Prahalad, MD, MS Iñaki Sanz, MD Marcus Professor of Pediatric Rheumatology Mason I. Lowance Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Pediatrics Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Human Chief, Division of Rheumatology Genetics Director, Lowance Center for Human Emory University School of Medicine Immunology Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA Gnanesh Patel, MD Athan Tiliakos, DO Fellow in Rheumatology Assistant Professor of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Kelly A. Rouster-Stevens, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Larry Vogler, MD Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Associate Professor of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta, GA, USA