RFID AND SENSOR NETWORKS Architectures, Protocols, Security, and Integrations Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page i 2009-10-3 WIRELESS NETWORKS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Dr. Yan Zhang, Series Editor Simula Research Laboratory, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Broadband Mobile Multimedia: RFID and Sensor Networks: Techniques and Applications Architectures, Protocols, Security Yan Zhang, Shiwen Mao, Laurence T. Yang, and Integrations and Thomas M. Chen Yan Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, ISBN: 978-1-4200-5184-1 and JimIng Chen ISBN: 978-1-4200-7777-3 Cooperative Wireless Communications Yan Zhang, Hsiao-Hwa Chen, Security in RFID and Sensor Networks and Mohsen Guizani Yan Zhang and Paris Kitsos ISBN: 978-1-4200-6839-9 ISBN: 978-1-4200-6469-8 Security in Wireless Mesh Networks Distributed Antenna Systems: Yan Zhang, Jun Zheng and Honglin Hu Open Architecture for Future Wireless ISBN: 978-0-8493-8250-5 Communications Honglin Hu, Yan Zhang, and Jijun Luo Unlicensed Mobile Access Technology: ISBN: 978-1-4200-4288-7 Protocols, Architectures, Security, Standards, and Applications The Internet of Things: Yan Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, and Jianhua Ma From RFID to the Next-Generation ISBN: 978-1-4200-5537-5 Pervasive Networked Systems Lu Yan, Yan Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, WiMAX Network Planning and and Huansheng Ning  Optimization ISBN: 978-1-4200-5281-7 Yan Zhang ISBN: 978-1-4200-6662-3 Millimeter Wave Technology in Wireless PAN, LAN and MAN Wireless Ad Hoc Networking: Personal- Shao-Qiu Xiao, Ming-Tuo Zhou Area, Local-Area, and the Sensory-Area and Yan Zhang Networks ISBN: 978-0-8493-8227-7 Shih-Lin Wu, Yu-Chee Tseng, and Hsin-Chu ISBN: 978-0-8493-9254-2 Mobile WiMAX: Toward Broadband Wireless Mesh Networking: Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks Architectures, Protocols, and Standards Yan Zhang and Hsiao-Hwa Chen Yan Zhang, Jijun Luo, and Honglin Hu ISBN: 978-0-8493-2624-0 ISBN: 978-0-8493-7399-2 Resource, Mobility, and Security Wireless Quality-of-Service: Techniques, Management in Wireless Networks Standards, and Applications and Mobile Communications Maode Ma, Mieso K. Denko, and Yan Zhang  Yan Zhang, Honglin Hu, and Masayuki Fujise ISBN: 978-1-4200-5130-8 ISBN: 978-0-8493-8036-5 AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS www.auerbach-publications.com To Order Call: 1-800-272-7737 • Fax: 1-800-374-3401 E-mail: [email protected] Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page ii 2009-10-3 RFID AND SENSOR NETWORKS Architectures, Protocols, Security, and Integrations Edited by (cid:58)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:59)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:114)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:66)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:114)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:79) Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page iii 2009-10-3 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4200-7777-3 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Radio frequency identification systems. 2. Sensor networks. I. Zhang, Yan, 1977- II. Yang, Laurence Tianruo. III. Chen, Jiming, 1978- TK6570.I34R47 2009 681’.2--dc22 2009018070 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page iv 2009-10-3 Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv PART I: RFID 1 MediumAccessControlinRFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 KashifAli,Abd-ElhamidM.Taha,andHossamS.Hassanein 2 Anti-CollisionAlgorithminRFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Jehn-RueyJiangandMing-KueiYeh 3 Low-PowerTranspondersforRFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 AndreaRicci,AlessioFacen,MatteoGrisanti,AndreaBoni, IlariaDeMunari,PaoloCiampolini,andCarloMorandi 4 EPCGen-2StandardforRFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 PeterJ.HawrylakandMarlinH.Mickle 5 RFIDAuthenticationandPrivacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 AlexX.LiuandLeRoyA.Bailey 6 RFIDSecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 DenisTrčekandPekkaJäppinen 7 RFIDDeployment:SupplyChainCaseStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 EugeneLutton,BrianRegan,andGeoffSkinner v Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page v 2009-10-3 vi (cid:2) Contents PART II: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 8 GeographicRoutinginWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 JuanA.SánchezandPedroM.Ruiz 9 MediumAccessControlinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . 227 BashirYahya,JalelBenothman,andEbtisamAmar 10 LocalizationinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 YuWangandLinLi 11 DataAggregationinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 SuatOzdemir 12 ClusteringinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 BasilisMamalis,DamianosGavalas,CharalamposKonstantopoulos, andGrammatiPantziou 13 Energy-EfficientSensinginWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . 355 LijunQian,JohnAttia,XiangfangLi,andDeepakKataria 14 MobilityinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 RollandVidaandAttilaVidács 15 SecurityinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Sk.Md.MizanurRahman,NidalNasser,andTarekElSalti 16 NetworkManagementinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . 455 HamidMukhtar,AliHammadAkbar,ShafiqueAhmadChaudhry, Ki-HyungKim,andSeung-WhaYoo 17 DeploymentinWirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 NadjibAitsaadi,NadjibAchir,KhaledBoussetta,andGuyPujolle PART III: INTEGRATED RFID AND SENSOR NETWORKS 18 IntegratedRFIDandSensorNetworks:Architectures andApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 AikateriniMitrokotsaandChristosDouligeris 19 IntegratedRFIDandSensorNetworksforSmartHomes . . . . . . . . 537 FalkoDressler,AbdalkarimAwad,SebastianDengler,andReinhardGerman 20 IntegratedRFIDandSensorNetworksforHealthCare . . . . . . . . . 559 MelodyMoh,Teng-ShengMoh,andZacharyWalker Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page vi 2009-10-3 Contents (cid:2) vii 21 IntegratedRFIDandSensorNetworksforStructureMonitoring . . . . 583 JimingChen,SantiagoPujol,DavidK.Y.Yau,andDiMiao Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page vii 2009-10-3 Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page viii 2009-10-3 Preface Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is witnessing a recent explosion of developmentinbothindustryandacademia.Anumberofapplicationsincludesupply chain management, electronic payments, RFID passports, environmental monitoring andcontrol,officeaccesscontrol,intelligent labels,targetdetection andtracking,port management, food production control, animal identification, and so on. RFID is also anindispensablefoundationtorealizethepervasivecomputingparadigm—“Internetof things.” It is strongly believed that many more scenarios will be identified when the principlesofRFIDarethoroughlyunderstood,cheapcomponentsavailable,andwhen RFIDsecurityisguaranteed. Wirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)arealsoattractingsignificantinterestduetorecent advancesoftheenablingtechnologies,includingdigitalelectronics,embeddedsystems, signal processing, and wireless communications. A WSN consists of a large number of small sensors with sensing, control, data processing, as well as communication and networking capabilities. WSNs are characterized by dense node deployments; unreli- ablesensors;frequenttopologychanges;andseverepower,computation,andmemory constraints.Theseuniquecharacteristicsposeconsiderablechallengesforthedesignof WSNs.Becausesensornetworksusuallytransmitdataandoperateinhostile,unattended environments, the requirements and design of sensor networks are significantly differ- ent from other wireless networks like cellular networks, and ad hoc networks or mesh networks. Inpractice,thereisanincreasingtrendinintegratingRFIDandWSNsduetotheir complementary natures, and a flexible combination and demand for ubiquitous com- puting.Avarietyofapplicationsareunderdevelopmentorinpracticalusage,e.g.,smart homes, surveillance systems, and in personal healthcare. The integration of the two complementary technologies can exponentially enhance the visibility and monitoring capability.However,comparedwitheitherRFIDorsensornetworksalone,integrating RFIDandWSNshasmoretechnical,operational,business,andpolicychallenges. RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Security, and Integrations pro- vides a comprehensive technical guide covering introductory concepts; fundamental techniques;recentadvances;andopenissuesinRFID,WSNs,andintegratedRFIDand ix Zhang/RFIDandSensorNetworks AU7777_C000 Finals Page ix 2009-10-3