WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING KAI CHANG, Editor Texas A&M University FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Second Edition Govind f.A grawal COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Silve//o Betti, Giancarlo De Marchis and €ugenio lannone HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES: RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 0 Asoke K. Bhatracharyya COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MICROWAVES Richard C. Booton, fr. MICROWAVE RING CIRCUITS AND ANTENNAS Kai Chang MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS Kai Chang RF AND MICROWAVE WIRELESS SYSTEMS Kai Chang DIODE LASERS AND PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 0 Larry Coldren and Scott Corzine MULTICONDUCTOR TRANSMISSION-LINE STRUCTURES: MODAL ANALYSlS TECHNIQUES 1. A. Brandso Faria PHASED ARRAY-BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 0 Nick FOUrikiS FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES Ion C. Freeman OPTICAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Mitsuo Fukuda MICROSTRIP CIRCUITS Fred Gardiol HIGH-SPEED VLSl INTERCONNECTIONS: MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND SIMULATION A. K. Goel FUNDAMENTALS OF WAVELETS: THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLlCATfONS faideva C. Goswami and Andrew K. Chan ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ANTENNA MODULES K. C. Gupta and Peter S. Ha// PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS R. C. Hansen HIGH-FREQUENCY ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN Ravender Goyal (ed.) MICROWAVE APPROACH TO HiGHLY IRREGULAR FIBER OPTICS Huang f-fung-Chia NONLINEAR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Eugenio ann none, Francesco Matera, Antonio Mecozzi, and Marina Settembre FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING Tatsuo Itoh, Ciuseppe Pelosi and Peter P. Silvester (eds.) SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: APPLiCATlONS TO MICROWAVE, ELECTRO-~PTICS, ELECTRICAL MACHINES, AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS A. R. )ha OPTICAL COMPUTING: AN INTRODUCTION M. A. Karim and A. S. S. Awwal INTRODU~IONTO ELECTROMAGNETIC AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING Paul R. Karmef, Gabrief D. Cole6 and Ray~ondL. Camisa MILLIMETER WAVE OPTICAL DIELECTRIC INTEGRATED GUIDES AND CIRCUITS Shiban K. Koul MICROWAVE DEVICES, CIRCUITS AND THEIR INTERA~ION Charles A. Lee and C. Conrad Dalman ADVANCES IN MICROSTRIP AND PRINTED ANTENNAS Kai-fong Lee and Wei Chen (eds.) OPTICAL FILTER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS: A SIGNAL PROCESSING APPROACH • Christi K. Madsen and Jian H. Zhao OPTOELECTRONIC PACKAGING • A. R. Mickelson, N. R. Basavanhally, and Y. C Lee (eds.) OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION • Shunji Mori, Hirobumi Nishida, and Hiromitsu Yamada ANTENNAS FOR RADAR AND COMMUNICATIONS: A POLARIMETRIC APPROACH • Harold Mott INTEGRATED ACTIVE ANTENNAS AND SPATIAL POWER COMBINING • Julio A. Navarro and Kai Chang FREQUENCY CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS • Motoichi Ohtsu (ed.) SOLAR CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS • Larry D. Partain (ed.) ANALYSIS OF MULTICONDUCTOR TRANSMISSION LINES • Clayton R. Paul INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY • Clayton R. Paul ELECTROMAGNETIC OPTIMIZATION BY GENETIC ALGORITHMS • Yahya Rahmat-Samii and Eric Michielssen (eds.) INTRODUCTION TO HIGH-SPEED ELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS • Leonard M. Riaziat NEW FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL DEVICE TECHNOLOGY • Arye Rosen and Hare/ Rosen (eds.) ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION IN MULTI-MODE RANDOM MEDIA • Harrison E. Rowe ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM MEDIA • Harrison E. Rowe NONLINEAR OPTICS • £. C. Sauter FUNDAMENTALS OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVERS: A SOFTWARE APPROACH • lames Bao-yen Tsui InP-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES: PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY • Osamu Wada and Hideki Hasegawa (eds.) DESIGN OF NONPLANAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS AND TRANSMISSION LINES • Kin-Lu Wong FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE AND GRID ARRAY • T. K. Wu (ed.) ACTIVE AND QUASI-OPTICAL ARRAYS FOR SOLID-STATE POWER COMBINING • Robert A. York and Zoya B. Popovic (eds.) OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTING AND NEURAL NETWORKS • Francis T. S. Yu and Suganda Jutamulia SiGe, GaAs, AND InP HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS • jiann Yuan ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SOLIDS AND MICROWAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY • Shu-Ang Zhou This page intentionally left blank RF and Microwave Wireless Systems This page intentionally left blank RF and Microwave Wireless Systems KAI CHANG Texas A&M University A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK/CHICHESTER/WEINHEIM/BRISBANE/SINGAPORE/TORONTO This book is printed on acid-free paper, (ro) Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (508) 750-8400, fax (508) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: [email protected]. For ordering and customer service, call 1-800-CALL-Wiley. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Chang, Kai, 1948- RF and microwave wireless systems / Kai Chang. p. cm. ISBN 0-471-35199-7 (cloth :alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Mobile communication systems. 3. Microwave systems. 4. Radio frequency. I. Title. TK5103.2 C45 2000 621.3845-dc21 Printed in the United States of America. 109 876543 To my parents and my family This page intentionally left blank