Zootaxa 745: 1–15 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 745 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN1175-5334(online edition) Review of the genus Sableta Casey, 1910 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini) JAMES S. ASHE1 & VLADIMIR I. GUSAROV2, 1 1 Division of Entomology, Snow Entomological Collection, KU Natural History Museum/Biodiversity Research Center, Snow Hall, 1460 Jayhawk Blvd., University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7523, U. S. A. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Oslo, Natural History Museum, Section of Zoology, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The status of the athetine aleocharine genus Sableta Casey, 1910, and its previously included spe- cies, is reviewed. Sableta and Sa. infulata Casey, 1910, the single species remaining in the genus after others are reassigned, are described and illustrations of habitus, structural and genitalic fea- tures are provided. All species previously placed in Sableta are assigned to appropriate taxonomic categories. Sableta curata Casey, 1910 is transferred to Acrotona Thomson, 1859; Silusida nanella Casey, 1906, Sableta flaviventris Casey, 1910, Sa. longiclava Casey, 1910, Sa. immunis Casey, 1910 and Sa. remissa Casey, 1910 are transferred to Atheta Thomson, 1858. Homalota flaveola Melsheimer, 1844 is placed in synonymy with Hoplandrialateralis (Melsheimer, 1844) (Hopland- riini) and Sableta ornator Casey, 1910 is placed in synonymy with Atheta nanella (Casey, 1906). Synonymy of Sableta beatula Casey, 1910 and Atheta nanella (Casey, 1906) is confirmed. Key words: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Athetini, Sableta, taxonomy, nomenclature Introduction Casey (1910) described the genus Sableta to include a number of species of athetine aleo- charines of light coloration, with moderately separated mesocoxae, a relatively short mesosternal process that does not reach the middle of the coxae, a relatively long metaster- nal process, and a very short isthmus between the meso- and metasternal processes. He included within it 3 newly described subgenera. Only Sa. infulata Casey, 1910, the type species of Sableta by original designation, remained in the nominotypical subgenus. The three subgenera were Canastota (originally designated type, Sa. canadensis Casey, 1910) which included 7 species; Anatheta (originally designated type, Sa. planulicollis Casey, Accepted by P. Johnson: 24 Nov. 2004; published: 1 Dec. 2004 1 ZOOTAXA 1910) which included 2 species; and Taxicerella (originally designated type Sa. remissa 745 Casey, 1910) which included 2 species, one of which, Sa. immunis Casey, 1910 was assigned to this subgenus only provisionally. Casey (1911) described another subgenus of Sableta,Fusalia, containing the single species Sa. brittoni Casey, 1911. Casey (1911) also reassigned Silusida nanella Casey, 1906 to Sableta (Canastota) and synonymized Sableta (Canastota) beatula Casey, 1910 with Sa. nanella (Casey, 1906). Fenyes (1920) treated Sableta as a subgenus of Atheta Thomson, 1858, and synony- mized with the first name all of the subgenera that Casey had previously described in Sableta. Fenyes (1920) accepted the synonymy of Sableta nanella and Sa. beatula, pro- posed by Casey (1911), and transferred Homalota flaveola Melsheimer, 1844 (placed in Sableta (Canastota) by Casey (1910)) to the subgenus Microdota Mulsant and Rey,1873, of the genus Atheta. He retained in Sableta all other species placed there by Casey (1910, 1911). Seevers (1978) recognized that the species placed in Sableta by Casey (1910) repre- sented a heterogeneous assemblage of species. Consequently, he recognized Canastota, Anatheta and Fusalia as genera separate from Sableta, and placed Taxicerella Casey as a junior synonym of Datomicra Mulsant and Rey, 1874. He retained only Sa. infulata in Sableta. Ashe (2000) accepted Seevers’ classification. Ashe and Gusarov (2003) reviewed the genus Anatheta and found it to be distinct from Sableta. They also characterized and provided illustrations of structural features of Ana- theta, and assigned 2 species to it: Anatheta planulicollis (Casey, 1910) and An. surrufa (Casey, 1911) (originally described as Metaxya surrufa). Ashe and Gusarov (2003) also showed the Sableta canadensis (the type species of Sableta (Canastota)) was a junior syn- onym of Silusida marginella (Casey, 1894), making Canastota a junior synonym of Silusida Casey, 1906. Further, Gusarov (2003b) shows that Sableta (Fusalia) brittoni Casey, 1911 is a senior synonym of Thamiaraea lira Hoebeke, 1988, and Sableta (Canas- tota) phrenetica Casey, 1910 is a junior synonym of Atheta ventricosa Bernhauer, 1907. However, there is no comprehensive modern treatment of Sableta. This paper reviews the status of Sableta, gives a full characterization of the genus and its single valid species, and provides the current taxonomic assignment for all species that have been previously included in Sableta. We follow the terminology accepted in the taxonomy of Aleocharinae (Sawada 1970, 1972 (particularly for pores and setae of the labium); Seevers 1978; Ashe 2000). Addi- tional terms used to refer to some setae and pores of the epipharynx were introduced by Gusarov (2003a). A discussion of the terms applied to the parts of the internal sac of the aedeagus can be found in Gusarov (2002). To avoid the controversy on what side of the aedeagus should be called ventral (Gusarov 2002), we refer to the side of aedeagus bearing the basal orifice as parameral. The spermathecal gland is shown on the drawings solely to illustrate the gland position in relation to other parts of spermatheca. 2 © 2004 Magnolia Press ASHE & GUSAROV Depositories ZOOTAXA 745 FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, United States (Dr. A.F. Newton) KSEM – Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States (Dr. J.S. Ashe) MCZ – Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, United States (Dr. Ph.D. Perkins) NMNH – National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States (Dr. T.L. Erwin) ZMUN – Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Dr. V.I. Gusarov) Sableta Casey, 1910 (Figs. 1–26) Sableta Casey, 1910: 107 (type species, Sableta infulata Casey, 1910, p. 107–108, fixed by Casey (1910, p.108) by original designation; as a genus in subtribe Athetina Casey, 1910 (spelled as Athetae); including subgenera Canastota Casey, 1910, Anatheta Casey, 1910, and Taxicerella Casey, 1910). Sableta: Casey, 1911: 144 (as valid genus in subtribe Athetina (spelled as Athetae); including sub- genus Fusalia Casey, 1911). Sableta: Fenyes, 1920: 221 (as a valid subgenus of Atheta;Canastota,Anatheta,Taxicerella and Fusalia as synonyms of Sableta). Sableta: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 666 (as valid subgenus of Atheta;Canastota,Anatheta, Taxicerella and Fusalia as synonyms of Sableta). Sableta: Moore & Legner, 1975: 353 (as valid subgenus of Atheta;Canastota,Anatheta,Taxicer- ella and Fusalia as synonyms of Sableta). Sableta: Seevers, 1978: 103 (as valid genus in subtribe Dimetrotina Seevers, 1978). Sableta: Ashe, 2000: 370 (as valid genus in subtribe Dimetrotina Seevers, 1978). Diagnosis. Sableta differs from other genera of Athetini in having a distinctive body color (Fig. 1); large eyes; transverse antennal segments 8–10; the ligula in the apical half split into two lobes; a transverse pronotum; hypomera fully visible in lateral view; pronotal setation of type V (Benick & Lohse 1974); mesocoxae moderately separated; the mesotho- racic process broad (Fig. 12); the posterior margin of the elytra near posterolateral angle only faintly sinuate; the distinct shape of the male tergum 8 (Fig. 14); a broad (tube-like) athetine bridge of the aedeagus (Fig. 19, AB); and the medial lamellae of the internal sac present (Figs. 21–23, 25–26). Description. Known species 2.0–2.2 mm in length. Color of known species distinc- tive; head and pronotum light to medium brown, elytra dark brown with antero-lateral angles flavate to light brown; abdomen flavate with segment VI black to dark brown and tergum VIII black to dark brown except for lighter flavate band on base and baso-lateral areas (see details in description of Sa. infulata below) (Fig. 1). REVISION OF SABLETA © 2004 Magnolia Press 3 ZOOTAXA 745 FIGURE 1. Sableta infulata Casey, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. 4 © 2004 Magnolia Press ASHE & GUSAROV Head: Ovoid in dorsal aspect, about 1.3 times as wide as long; temples rounded behind ZOOTAXA 745 eyes. Eyes large, about 2 times as long as temples behind eyes. Neck absent. Setae on frons directed medially and postero-medially. Infraorbital carina complete or fading just before maxillary insertions in a few specimens. Antenna (Fig. 7) moderately long, reach- ing basal ¼ of elytra when extended posteriorly; antennal article 3 shorter than article 2, articles 8–10 transverse, last article longer than articles 9 and 10 combined. FIGURES 2–6. Sableta infulata Casey. 2 — labrum, dorsal aspect; 3 — epipharynx, adoral aspect; 4 — mentum; 5 — right mandible, ventral aspect; 6 — right mandible, dorsal aspect. Scale bar 0.1 mm. Mouthparts: Labrum as in Fig. 2. Epipharynx as in Fig. 3; sensilla a very short or absent; with 3 pairs of marginal setae; anterolateral group with 3 pores, lateral row with 4 pores, posterolateral group with 3–4 pores, medial field with 47–58 pores, transverse row with 6 pores, 1–2 medial proximal pores and no lateral proximal pores. Mandibles as in Figs. 5–6, “velvety patch” in dorsal molar area with 2–3 transverse rows of small denticles along distal border and scattered minute spinules more basally; right mandible with a small medial tooth. Maxilla as in Figs. 8–10; galea only slightly projecting beyond apex of lacinia, apical lobe of galea covered with numerous fine and short setae (Figs. 8–9); lacinia (Figs. 8, 10) with single row of 9 spines in apical third, numerous setae in middle REVISION OF SABLETA © 2004 Magnolia Press 5 ZOOTAXA third. Labium as in Figs. 4, 11; ligula about as long as labial palpus article 1, split into 2 745 lobes in apical half; prementum with medial area narrow, with 6 pseudopores, with two distal setae present, bases close, separated by about width of one setal pore; lateral areas each with 2 real pores, 1 setose pore and 5–7 pseudopores; labial palpi 3-articled, with setae α and γ present, article 2 about 0.5 times length of article 1, article 3 about 1.2 times length of article 1. FIGURES 7–11. Sableta infulata Casey. 7 — right antenna; 8 — right maxilla, ventral aspect; 9 — right galea, dorsal aspect; 10 — right lacinia, dorsal aspect; 11 — prementum. Scale bar 0.1 mm (8–11), 0.2 mm (7). Pronotum moderately transverse, 1.3–1.4 times as wide as long in known species; slightly wider in anterior third than basally; convex dorsally in cross section; antero-lateral angles rounded, anterior margin straight; postero-lateral angles obtusely rounded, posterior margin rounded; microsetae directed posteriorly in midline and postero-laterally on sides (Type V; Benick & Lohse 1974); macrosetae black, long and strong, 2 on lateral margins, 1 in posterior angle and two at anterior margin near anterior angles. Hypomera fully visi- ble in lateral view. 6 © 2004 Magnolia Press ASHE & GUSAROV Elytra at suture subequal to length of pronotum; postero-lateral margins only faintly ZOOTAXA 745 sinuate; with one strong and long humeral macroseta and two shorter lateral macrosetae. Wings fully developed. Legs with tarsal segmentation 4-5-5; anterior tarsi with article 1 shorter than article 2. Middle and hind tarsi with article 1 slightly shorter than 2, articles 2–4 subequal in length, article 5 about as long as 3 and 4 together; with single empodial seta between tarsal claws, about ½ length of tarsal claws. Mesocoxae separated by moderately broad meso- and metasternal processes (Fig. 12). Mesosternal process broadly rounded apically, extended about 0.4 times length of coxae; isthmus between meso- and metasternal processes short, only slightly depressed below plane of processes; ratio of mesosternal process:isth- mus:metasternal process = 3:1:3. FIGURES 12–16. Sableta infulata Casey. 12 — meso- and metathorax, ventral aspect; 13 — male abdominal sternum VIII; 14 — male abdominal tergum VIII; 15 — abdominal tergum X; 16 — paramere. Scale bar 0.2 mm (13–16), 0.4 mm (12). REVISION OF SABLETA © 2004 Magnolia Press 7 ZOOTAXA Abdomen: Sides of abdomen parallel in basal half and converging from segment VI to 745 rounded apex. Each of terga III–VII longer in midline than the respective more anterior tergum. Terga III–V with moderate transverse basal impressions. Tergum VII with white apical fringe. Tergum X with basal semicircular transverse row of densely arranged, flat- tened setae (Fig. 15). Secondary sexual features: Males of known species with prominent secondary fea- tures on abdominal tergum VIII (see details in description of Sa. infulata below, Fig. 14). Type species. Sableta infulata Casey, 1910, by original designation. Casey did not specifically state in his description of Sableta that Sa. infulata was the type species of Sableta; however, while designating the type species of Noverota Casey, 1910 in the same paper, Casey stated (1910, p. 90): “The first species may be regarded as the type, as in all other cases where the type is not specifically named”. Habitat. Found on lignicolous gilled and polypore mushrooms. Distribution. The single described species, Sa. infulata, is widely distributed in the eastern United States. We have also seen a number of undescribed species of Sableta from Neotropical regions of Mexico, Central America and South America. Sableta infulata Casey, 1910 (Figs. 1–26) Sableta (s. str.)infulata Casey, 1910: 107. Atheta (Sableta)infulata: Fenyes, 1920: 221 (as valid species). Atheta (Sableta)infulata: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 666 (as valid species). Atheta (Sableta)infulata: Moore & Legner, 1975: 363 (as valid species). Sabletainfulata: Seevers, 1978: 261 (as valid species). Sableta infulata: Ashe, 2000: 370 (as valid species). Holotype: Male, with labels as follows: “Miss.[issippi, Vicksburg]”; hand written label “Sableta infulata Csy.”; red label “TYPE USNM 39134”; “Casey bequest 1925”; “Holoty- pus, Sableta infulata Casey, V. I. Gusarov rev. 2000” (NMNH). The apical abdominal seg- ments of the holotype are dissected; the permanent preparation of the dissected segments and genitalia are preserved in dimethylhydantoin formaldehyde resin on a slide pinned beneath the beetle. Casey (1910, p. 108) states specifically that he only has a single speci- men of this species; that specimen is therefore the holotype. Additional material. UNITED STATES: Illinois: Jackson Co: 4.0 mi E Grand Tower, 24 October 1982, J. S. Ashe, ex Bjerkendera sp. (2 KSEM, in alcohol); Indiana: % “Smith Sta.[tion]”, 22 August 1942, C. H. Seevers, ex fungus ( FMNH); Kansas: Dou- glas Co.: Bridenthal Ecological Preserve, 3.2 mi N. Baldwin City, 270 m, 12 October 1996, ex fungus-covered logs (4 KSEM); same locality and collector, 18 October 1995, ex Pleurotus sp. (3 KSEM); same locality, date and collector, ex Grifola frondosa (22 KSEM, && in alcohol); same locality, 18 September 1999, V. I. Gusarov (3 , ZMUN); Michigan: 8 © 2004 Magnolia Press ASHE & GUSAROV Berrien Co.: Warren Woods, 3.2 km E Lakeview, 6 October 1982, J. S. Ashe, ex Ischno- ZOOTAXA 745 derma fulginosum (4 KSEM); North Carolina: Montgomery Co.: Uwharrie Nat’l. For- est, 7.7 km W. Uwharrie Forest Rd 576, near Badin Lake, 17 August 1989, J. S. and A. K. Ashe, ex Pleurotus ostreatus (10, 2 on microslides, KSEM); same locality, date and collec- tors, ex Laetiporus sulfureus (1 KSEM); Rockingham Co.: Reidsville, 19 August 1989, J. S. Ashe, ex misc. mushrooms (1 KSEM); South Carolina: undetermined locality and date, 1990, G. Moulton (1 KSEM); Tennessee: Sevier Co.: Great Smoky Mtns. Natl. Pk., Metcalf Bottoms Picnic Area, 546 m, 35.68089°N, 83.64945°W, 18 July 2003, J. S. Ashe, # GSMNP1A03 021, ex Daedalea sp. (2 KSEM, in alcohol); Great Smoky Mtns. Natl. Pk., Laurel Falls Old Growth Forest, 1006 m, 35.68070°N, 83.860455°W, 19 July 2003, J. S. Ashe, # GSMNP1A03 031, ex Ganoderma tsugae (4 KSEM, in alcohol); Great Smoky Mtns. Natl. Pk., Greenbrier Area, Porter’s Creek Trail,762 m, 35.67864°N, 83.89842°W, 20 July 2003, J. S. Ashe, # GSMNP1A03 032, ex Pleurotus ostreatus (6, KSEM, in alco- hol). Diagnosis. Sableta infulata is the only described species remaining in the genus Sableta. It is similar to examined undescribed species of Sableta in the body proportions and color but differs in the shape of the genitalia. Description. Length 2.0–2.2 mm. Color pattern distinctive (Fig. 1); head light brown to brown, slightly darker than pronotum in most specimens; antenna light brown to brown; pronotum light brown to brown; elytra dark brown to blackish with outer basal angles fla- vate to light brown, dark brown to blackish color extended along suture to scutellum in most, extent of light color on external basal angles varying among specimens, from limited to external basal angles in some, up to ½ of elytra light in others (most with about 1/3 of elytra with flavate/light brown color); mesosternum light brown to flavate; metasternum dark brown, some specimens with extreme antero-lateral angles and apical margin light brown to flavate; abdomen flavate, tergum V with middle of apical margin clouded with brown in some specimens, segment VI black to dark brown with middle of sternum VI lighter in color than tergum VI in most specimens, tergum VIII black to dark brown (medium brown in a few specimens) with base and baso-lateral areas flavate; sternum VIII flavate to light brown with apical margin darker brown in some specimens; lateral pro- cesses of tergum IX brown in some specimens. Integument moderately glossy. Antenna (Fig. 7) with article 4 subquadrate, articles 5–6 subquadrate or slightly trans- verse, 7 slightly transverse, 8–10 transverse, article 11 longer than articles 9 and 10 com- bined. Head, pronotum and elytra with inconspicuous, weakly reticulate to obsolete reticulate microsculpture; with fine punctation, distance between punctures equal to 1–2 times their diameter. Abdominal terga III–VIII with fine transverse microsculpture; distance between punc- tures equal to 2–4 times their diameter on terga III–V and 3–6 times on terga VI–VII. Secondary sexual characteristics: Male with very small tubercle in middle of tergum VII near posterior margin, tubercle reduced or absent in a few; posterior margin of tergum REVISION OF SABLETA © 2004 Magnolia Press 9 ZOOTAXA VIII with a strong spine on each side and a broad, subtruncate lobe medially, apex of 745 medial lobe broadly and shallowly emarginate (Fig. 14). Posterior margin of male sternum VIII slightly produced into broad triangular lobe (Fig. 13). FIGURES 17–24. Sableta infulata Casey. 17 — aedeagus, median lobe with retracted internal sac, parameral aspect; 18 — apex of median lobe, parameral aspect; 19 — median lobe with retracted internal sac, lateral aspect; 20 — apex of median lobe, lateral aspect; 21 — apex of median lobe with retracted internal sac, parameral aspect; 22 — apex of median lobe with retracted internal sac, abparameral aspect; 23 — apex of median lobe with retracted internal sac, lateral aspect; 24 — spermatheca. AB — athetine bridge; CP — copulatory piece; ML — medial lamel- lae. Scale bar 0.1 mm (18, 20–24), 0.2 mm (17, 19). 10 © 2004 Magnolia Press ASHE & GUSAROV