THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://www.nap.edu/21784 SHARE û ù Ą  Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report DETAILS 266 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-37710-2 | DOI: 10.17226/21784 AUTHORS BUY THIS BOOK Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 3; Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; The National Academies of FIND RELATED TITLES Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports  – 10% off the price of print titles  – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests  – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report REVIEW OF THE 21st CENTURY TRUCK PARTNERSHIP, THIRD REPORT Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 3 Board on Energy and Environmental Systems Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. DE-EE0002931 between the National Academy of Sci- ences and the U.S. Department of Energy. Any opinions, fndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily refect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-37710-2 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-37710-2 Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap. edu. Copyright 2015 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for out- standing contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was estab lished in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contribu- tions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineer- ing, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy deci- sions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.n ational-academies.org. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE 21st CENTURY TRUCK PARTNERSHIP, PHASE 3 JOHN H. JOHNSON, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, Chair JULIE CHEN, University of Massachusetts-Lowell DAVID FOSTER, University of Wisconsin Engine Research Center, Madison 1 THOMAS M. JAHNS, NAE, University of Wisconsin-Madison TIMOTHY V. JOHNSON, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York PAUL MENIG, Tech-I.M., Sherwood, Oregon JAMES W. MORRIS, Volvo Powertrain NA (retired), Hagerstown, Maryland THOMAS REINHART, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas BERNARD ROBERTSON, NAE, Chrysler Corporation (retired), Bloomfeld Hills, Michigan SUBHASH C. SINGHAL, NAE, Pacifc Northwest National Laboratory (retired), Richland, Washington JAMES A. SPEAROT, Mountain Ridgeline Consulting, LLC, Breckenridge, Colorado KATHLEEN TAYLOR, NAE, General Motors Corporation (retired), Fort Myers, Florida JOHN WOODROOFFE, University of Michigan Transportation Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan Staff JAMES J. ZUCCHETTO, Senior Program Offcer/Director, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Study Director DANA CAINES, Financial Manager LINDA CASOLA, Senior Program Assistant ELIZABETH EULLER, Senior Program Assistant LaNITA JONES, Administrative Coordinator E. JONATHAN YANGER, Research Associate 1 NAE, National Academy of Engineering. v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 1 ANDREW BROWN, NAE, Delphi Corporation (retired), Troy, Michigan, Chair DAVID ALLEN, University of Texas at Austin W. TERRY BOSTON, NAE, PJM Interconnection, LLC, Audobon, Pennsylvania 2 WILLIAM BRINKMAN, NAS, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey EMILY CARTER, NAS, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey CHRISTINE EHLIG-ECONOMIDES, NAE, Texas A&M University, College Station DEBBIE NIEMEIER, University of California, Davis MARGO OGE, Environmental Protection Agency (retired), McLean, Virginia MICHAEL OPPENHEIMER, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey JACKALYNE PFANNENSTIEL, Independent Consultant, Piedmont, California DAN REICHER, Stanford University, Stanford, California BERNARD ROBERTSON, NAE, DaimlerChrysler (retired), Bloomfeld Hills, Michigan DOROTHY ROBYN, Consultant, Washington, D.C. GARY ROGERS, Roush Industries, Livonia, Michigan ALISON SILVERSTEIN, Consultant, Pfugerville, Texas MARK THIEMENS, NAS, University of California, San Diego ADRIAN ZACCARIA, NAE, Bechtel Group, Inc. (retired), Frederick, Maryland MARY LOU ZOBACK, NAS, Stanford University, Stanford, California Staff JAMES J. ZUCCHETTO, Director, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems DANA CAINES, Financial Manager LINDA CASOLA, Senior Program Assistant ALAN CRANE, Senior Scientist ELIZABETH EULLER, Senior Program Assistant K. JOHN HOLMES, Associate Board Director LaNITA JONES, Administrative Coordinator MARTIN OFFUTT, Senior Program Offcer E. JONATHAN YANGER, Research Associate ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Associate Program Offcer 1 NAE, National Academy of Engineering. 2 NAS, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report Preface This report is the third in a series of three by the National LSFC was 4.85 gallons per 1,000 ton-miles, compared to Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine1 that 10.6 gallons per 1,000 ton-miles for the 2009 baseline. have reviewed the research and development (R&D) projects The 50 percent BTE and the 4.85 and 5.7 gallons per 1,000 carried out by the 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), ton-miles LSFC values are signifcant accomplishments and which was formed in 2001 to reduce fuel usage and emis- could not have been achieved without the ARRA funds since sions in trucks of Classes 3 through 8. The 21CTP has made the overall DOE budget in normal years was not suffcient to signifcant progress since the Academies issued its frst report take on a project like this. The results of this R&D program in 2008. The early R&D was largely component-based, but, will have an impact on reducing the demand for diesel fuel as a result of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) American used in heavy-duty vehicles, which is projected to increase Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds in 2009, each year. The report makes a number of recommendations 21CTP was able to fund four SuperTruck projects, which to further the R&D goals of the 21CTP in the next 5 years. combined all the component technology and aerodynamic The committee appreciates the effort by the personnel i mprovements of the tractor and trailer into a Class 8 tractor- from DOE, the Department of Transportation (DOT), the trailer to demonstrate and achieve the goal of 50 percent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of brake thermal effciency (BTE) for the diesel engine in a Defense (DOD)-Army, and all the companies and national cruise condition, while meeting the 2010 heavy-duty die- laboratories that prepared presentations and hosted our visits. sel emissions standards. One truck has achieved a freight The help of these members of the Partnership enabled us to effciency of over 175 ton-miles per gallon, compared to a get the latest data and information, which was very important 2009 model baseline effciency of 99 ton-miles per gallon. for the committee’s preparation of this report. In terms of fuel economy, the truck achieved 10.7 miles per gallon (mpg), compared to the baseline truck at 6.45 mpg. John H. Johnson, Chair As for load-specifc fuel consumption (LSFC), the truck Committee to Review the 21st Century achieved 5.7 gallons/1,000 ton-miles, down 43 percent from Truck Partnership, Phase 3 the baseline LSFC of 10.0 gallons/1,000 ton-miles. A portion of the improvement on a ton-mile basis came from weight reduction, which allows extra freight to be carried. A second truck has doubled fuel economy from a 2009 baseline of 6.1 mpg to 12.2 mpg over one long-haul route, with a 120 percent increase in freight effciency in ton-miles per gallon from a 2009 baseline of 94 ton-miles per gallon to 206 ton-miles per gallon. LSFC was reduced by 55 percent on one route and by 49 percent on a second, lower speed route. On the route that produced the 12.2 mpg result, the 1 Effective July 1, 2015, the institution is called the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. References in this report to the National Research Council are used in a historic context identifying pro- grams prior to July 1. vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report Acknowledgments The Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Part- Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent nership, Phase 3, is grateful to the representatives of the review is to provide candid and critical comments that will 21st Century Truck Partnership, including the four govern- assist the institution in making its published report as sound ment agencies—the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the of Transportation, and the U.S. Department of Defense- study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript Army—and to the representatives of companies and national remain confdential to protect the integrity of the deliberative laboratories who contributed signifcantly of their time and process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their effort to this National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, review of this report: and Medicine1 study by giving presentations at meetings or responding to committee requests for information, as well as Paul Blumberg (NAE), Ford Motor Company (retired), hosting members of the committee at site visits. The com- William Brinkman (NAS), Princeton University, mittee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of other Andrew Brown, Jr. (NAE), Delphi Corporation (retired), individuals who provided information and presentations at Joseph Colucci (NAE), General Motors Company the committee’s open meetings. Appendix B lists all of those (retired), presentations. Duke Drinkard, Southeastern Freight Lines, The committee offers its special appreciation to Ken David Merrion, Merrion Expert Consulting, Howden, director, 21st Century Truck Partnership, U.S. Margo Oge, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Offce, for (retired), his signifcant contributions in coordinating responses to Craig Philip (NAE), Vanderbilt University, its questions and in making presentations to the commit- Gary Rogers, Roush Industries, Inc., tee, as well as Michael Laughlin, Energetics Incorporated, Dale Stein (NAE), Michigan Technological University, who assisted Ken in submitting data and information to the R. Rhoads Stephenson, Technology Consultant, and committee. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the Michael Tunnell, American Transportation Research committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy Institute. and Environmental Systems for organizing and planning the committee meetings and gathering information and drafting Although the reviewers listed above have provided many sections of the report. Jim Zucchetto in particular has done constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked an outstanding job of facilitating the work of the committee to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they and helping it to write a focused and timely report. Liz Euller see the fnal draft of the report before its release. The review provided effcient and very helpful support to its meetings, of this report was overseen by Douglas Chapin (NAE), who site visits, and report production. was responsible for making certain that an independent This report has been reviewed in draft form by indi- examination of this report was carried out in accordance with viduals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical institutional procedures and that all review comments were expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the carefully considered. Responsibility for the fnal content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and 1 The National Research Council is now referred to as the Na- the institution. tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.