Revealed Wisdom Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums Founding Editor Martin Hengel † (Tübingen) Executive Editors Cilliers Breytenbach (Berlin) Martin Goodman (Oxford) Editorial Board Lutz Doering, Durham – Pieter W. van der Horst, Utrecht Tal Ilan, Berlin – Judith Lieu, Cambridge – Tessa Rajak, Reading and Oxford Daniel R. Schwartz, Jerusalem – Seth Schwartz, New York VOLUME 88 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ajec Revealed Wisdom Studies in Apocalyptic in Honour of Christopher Rowland Edited by John Ashton LEIDEN | BOSTON This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1871-6636 isbn 978 90 04 27203 3 (hardback) isbn 978 90 04 27204 0 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. William Blake, The Whirlwind: Ezekiel’s Vision of the Cherubim and Eyed Wheels (Illustration to the Old Testament, Ezekiel I 4–28), about 1803–05. Pen and watercolor over graphite on paper. Sheet: 39.4 x 29.5 cm (15 1/2 x 11 5/8 in.). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Photograph © 2014 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Contents List of Contributors  ix Introduction  1 John Ashton 1 The Opening of Heaven in the Book of Job  10 C.R.A. Morray-Jones 2 Ethics in Apocalyptic  37 John Barton 3 Towards a Taxonomy of Jewish Messianisms  52 Philip Alexander 4 Psalm 90 and Isaiah 65 in Jubilees 23  73 James C. VanderKam 5 The Temple Library in Apocalyptic Legend  87 William Horbury 6 Primordial Lights: The Logos and Adoil in the Johannine Prologue and 2 Enoch  99 Andrei A. Orlov 7 The Date of 2 Baruch  116 Martin Goodman 8 Seeing and Understanding in 4 Ezra  122 Michael E. Stone 9 The Transformation of Paul’s Apocalyptic Ideas in the First Two Centuries  138 Adela Yarbro Collins 10 Paul and Universalism  155 Christopher Tuckett 11 The Reader of Mark 13:14b as the (Re-)Interpreter of Apocalyptic  170 John Muddiman 12 Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility in the Fourth Gospel  183 Harold W. Attridge 13 Jewish Apocalyptic Lore in Early Islam  200 John C. Reeves 14 The Concordist Imagination: A Theme in the History of Eschatology  217 Bernard McGinn