Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period Political and Cultural Change in Late Qing China Harvard East Asian Monographs 214 Contributors Richard Belsky Tze~ki Hon Hu Ying Joan Judge Rebecca E. Karl Xiaobing Tang Timothy B. Weston Seungjoo Y oon Peter Zarrow I 1 •• ~ Rethinking the Reform Period 1898 Polit~cal and Cultural Change in Late Qing China Edited by Rebecca E. Karl & Peter Zarrow Published by the Harvard University Asia Center and distributed by Harvard University Press Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London 2002 © 2002 by the President and Fellows ofHarvard College Printed in the United States ofA merica The Harvard University Asia Center publishes a monograph series and, in coordination with the Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, the Korea Institute, the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, and other faculties and institutes, administers research projects designed to further scholarly understanding of China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian countries. The Center also sponsors projects addressing multidisciplinary and regional issues in Asia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rethinking the 1898 reform period : political and cultural change in late Qing China I edited by Rebecca E. Karl & Peter Zarrow p. em.--(Harvard East Asian monographs; 214) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN o-674-00854-5 (alk. paper) 1. China--History--Reform movement, 1898. I. Karl, Rebecca E. II. Zarrow, Peter Gue. III. Series DS768.R48 2002 951 '.035--dc21 2001051782 Index by the contributors and editors ® Printed on acid-free paper Last figure below indicates year of this printing 12 11 ro 09 o8 07 o6 05 04 03 02 Acknowledgments The editors would like to acknowledge the hard work of the contributors to this volume. In addition, we would like to thank the two anonymous readers selected by the Harvard University Asia Center for their detailed and help ful suggestions for revisions; and our editor at the Press, John Ziemer, for his editorial assistance, cooperation, and speedy processing of the manu script. R.E.K. and P.Z. Contents Contributors lX Introduction I Rebecca E. Karl and Peter Zarrow I The Reform Movement, the Monarchy, and Political Modernity I7 Peter Zarrow 2 Literati~J ournalists of the Chinese Progress (S hiwu bao) in Discord, r896-1898 Seungjoo Yo on 3 Zhang Zhidong's Proposal for Reform: A New Reading of the Quanxue pian 77 Tze-kiHon 4 The Founding of the Imperial University and the Emergence of Chinese Modernity 99 Timothy B. Weston 5 Placing the Hundred Days: Native~ Place Ties and Urban Space 124 Richard Belsky Vlll Contents 6 Reforming the Feminine: Female Literacy and the Legacy of r898 r58 Joan judge 7 Naming the First "New Woman" r8o Hu Ying 8 "Slavery," Citizenship, and Gender in Late Qing China's Global Context 212 Rebecca E. Karl 9 "Poetic Revolution," Colonization, and Form at the Beginning ofModern Chinese Literature 245 Xiaobing Tang Index 269 Contributors RrcHARD BELSKY B }~, ~ is Associate Professor of History at Hunter College, City University ofNew York. He is currently working on a book about the operation of native~place ties among scholar~officials in Beijing during the late imperial and early Republican periods. T ZE~ KI HoN ~ -T ~ teaches history at State University of New York at Geneseo. He has published articles and book chapters on premodern and modern China. He is completing two book manuscripts, one on the self~identity of literati in eleventh~century China, and the other on modern Chinese historiography from r89o to 1949. H u Y ING iifl ~ is Associate Professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at the University of California at Iryine. She is the author of Tales of Translation: Composing the New Woman in China, 1899- 1918 (Stanford University Press, 2000). She has published numerous papers on late Qing literature and culture. **3t JoAN JuDGE is Associate Professor ofHistory at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is the author of Print and Politics: 'Shibao' and the Culture of Reform in Late Qing China (Stanford University Press, 1996). Her current project is tentatively entitled "China's 'Women's Question': Female Literacy, Cultural Transformation and Modern Nationalism in the Late 19th and Early 2oth Centuries." REBECCA E. KARL is Assistant Professor of East Asian Studies and His~ tory at New York University. Her book, Staging the World: Chinese National~ ism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, is forthcoming from Duke University Press. She is also the co~editor (with Saree Makdisi and Cesare Casarino) of Marxism Beyond Marxism (Routledge, 1996). Contributors X m XrAOBING TANG lj\ ~ teaches modern Chinese literature and culture in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago. His most recent publication is Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian (Duke University Press, 2000 ). His current research project is a study of the theory and practice of the woodcut movement in twenti eth-century China. TIMOTHY B. WESTON ~ ~ !'\!~ is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is co-editor with Lionel M. Jensen of China Beyond the Headlines (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000) and is currently finishing a book-length work on the early history of Beijing University and Chinese political culture. SEUNGJOO Yo oN j=l- ~;f.± is Assistant Professor of History at Carleton College. He is the author of"Hsieh Ts'an-T'ai's Abortive Uprising of1903: A Case for the Rise of Non-Gentry Social Elite in Late Ch'ing Coastal China," Papers on Chinese History, vol. 1, Harvard University (1992); and "The Green Gang Nexus in Shanghai General Labor Union, 1924-1927," Papers on Chinese History, vol. 2 (1993). He is working on a manuscript entitled "The Formation, Reformation, and Transformation of Zhang Zhidong's Docu ment Commissioners, r885-1909." PETER ZARROW ¥9> t.g.q~ is an Associate Research Fellow of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei. He specializes in the intel lectual history of China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and is currently engaged in research on changing attitudes toward the king ship through the I9II revolution. He is also completing a manuscript entitled "Twentieth-Century China: An Interpretive History."