RESUME Robert Emile Mabro CBE, Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford and former director of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, was born in Alexandria, Egypt in 1934. He obtained a degree in civil engineering from Alexandria University (1956) and after a short career as a civil engineer in Egypt, he went to France to study philosophy (1962-4) and then to London University where he obtained an MSc in economics, with distinction, in 1966. He began his academic career at the School of Oriental and African Studies at London University, where he specialised in the study of the economic developments of the Middle East. In 1969 he moved to Oxford to take up a position at Oxford University as Senior Research Officer in the Economics of the Middle East. His interest in oil began to develop in 1972/3. His first publication in this area was a monograph written with the late Elizabeth Monroe - Oil Producers and Consumers: Conflict or Cooperation (New York, 1974). In 1976 together with the Right Honourable Aubrey Jones, PC he founded the Oxford Energy Policy Club which still meets twice a year at St Antony's College, Oxford. Two years later he founded and became the first Director of the Oxford Energy Seminar which is held every year in September at St Catherine's College, Oxford. The next step was the establishment of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, an educational charity entirely devoted to research on the economics/politics/international relations of oil, gas and other energies. His publication list includes thirteen books and monographs and a very large number of articles in journals and papers in collective books. The most recent book is Oil Markets and Prices: The Brent Market and the Formation of World Oil Prices with Paul Horsnell. In December 1991 Mr Mabro was awarded the International Association for Energy Economics 1990 Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Profession of Energy Economics and to its Literature. In December 1995 he was awarded a CBE by HM the Queen in the New Year's Honours List. In 1997 the President of Mexico awarded him the medal of the Mexican Order of Aguila Azteca and in 2000 the President of Venezuela awarded the medal of Francisco Miranda, and in 2001 was promoted Officier des Palmes Academiques (France). In 2004 he received the first OPEC award for contribution to oil studies. Publications List: A. Books and Monographs (1) The Egyptian Economy, 1952-1972, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974. (Translated into Arabic by Dr Salib Butros, published by the Egyptian General Organization for the Book, Cairo, 1976). (2) Oil Producers and Consumers: Conflict or Co-operation? by Elizabeth Monroe* and Robert Mabro, The Centre for Mediterranean Studies, American Universities Field Staff, Inc. New York, 1974. (3) The Industrialization of Egypt, 1939-73: Policies and Performance by Robert Mabro* and Samir Radwan, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1976 (Translated into Arabic by Dr Salib Boutros, published by the Egyptian General Organization for the Book, Cairo, 1981). (4) (edited) World Energy: Issues and Policies, Oxford University Press, 1980. (5) The Market for North Sea Crude Oil by Robert Mabro*, Robert Bacon, Margaret Chadwick, Mark Halliwell and David Long, Oxford University Press, 1986. (6) (edited) Natural Gas: an International Perspective, Oxford University Press, 1986. (7) (edited) OPEC and the World Oil Market, Oxford University Press, 1986 [Includes eight chapters by the author]. (8) Netback Pricing and the Oil Price Collapse of 1986, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1987. (9) (edited) The 1986 Oil Price Crisis, Oxford University Press, 1988. (10) Natural Gas: Governments and Oil Companies in the Third World by Ann Davison*, Chris Hurst and Robert Mabro*, Oxford University Press, 1988. (11) OPEC's Production Policies. How do they Work? Why don't they Work?, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1989. (12) Demand, Prices and the Refining Industry, by Robert Bacon*, Margaret Chadwick, Joyce Dargay, David Long and Robert Mabro, Oxford University Press, 1990. (13) Oil Markets and Prices: The Brent Market and the Formation of World Oil Prices, by Paul Horsnell* and Robert Mabro*, Oxford University Press, 1993 (Translated into Persian by A. Hamidi Younessi, Institute for International Energy Studies, Tehran, 1998). (14) Energy Taxation and Economic Growth, by Robert Mabro* and Adam Seymour*, Pamphlet Series 30, The OPEC Fund for International Development, 1994. (15) (edted) Gas to Europe, ed by Robert Mabro and Ian Wybrew-Bond (Contributors: Ali Aïssaoui, Ulrich Bartsch, Malcolm Peebles, Jonathan Stern and Ian Wybrew-Bond), Oxford University Press, 1999. * denotes main author of joint books. B. Articles, Papers in Edited Collections, Published Conference Papers 1. `Développement économique de l'Egypte', Projet no. 5, May 1966. (Also published in La Documentation Française, Problèmes Economiques, no. 980, 13 Octobre 1966). 2. `Combattre la faim: A propos d'un article de M. Cépède’, Projet, no. 14, April 1967. 3. `Industrial growth, agricultural under-employment and the Lewis model', The Journal of Development Studies, vol. 3, no. 4, July 1967. 4. `Optimal investment allocation between consumer goods and capital goods: A comment', Economic Journal, vol. LXXVII, September 1967. 5. `The economics of want', Spode House Review, vol. 4, no. 45, August 1968. 6. `Normalisation procedures for public investment criteria: A comment', Economic Journal, vol. LXXIX, September 1969. 7. `La Libye: un état rentier?', Projet, no. 39, November 1969. (Also published in La Documentation Française, Problèmes Economiques, no. 1148, 1 January 1970). 8. `Labour supplies and labour stability: a case-study of the oil industry in Libya', Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Economics & Statistics, vol. 32, no. 4, November 1970. 9. `L'Industrialisation du tiers-monde', Projet, no. 50, December 1970. 10. (with Patrick O'Brien) `Structural changes in the Egyptian economy, 1937-1965' in M. Cook (ed.) Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East, Oxford University Press, 1970. 11. `The economic development of Egypt', Interstate, no. 3, 1970. 12. `Industrialization' in M. Adams (ed.) The Middle East, A Handbook, London, 1971. 13. `Foreign investment and foreign aid', ibid. 14. `Employment and wages in dual agriculture', Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 23, no. 3, November 1971. 15. `La Guerre des six jours et l'économie égyptienne: ruptures et continuités', Cultures et Développement, vol. III, no. 1, 1971. 16. `Official publications' in D. Hopwood and D. Grimwood-Jones (eds), Middle East and Islam: A Bibliographical Introduction, Zug, 1972. 17. (with J.B. Knight) `On the determination of the general wage level: A comment', Economic Journal, vol. LXXXII, June 1972. 18. `Migrations et sous-emploi en Egypte', Travaux et Jours, Université St Joseph, Beyrouth, no. 45, October-December 1972. 19. `The Iranian economy', Investment in Iran: the Political Climate, Focus Research Ltd, 1973. 20. `Industry' in International Labour Office, Employment and Income Policies for Iran, Working Paper V, Mission working papers. Geneva, 1973. 21. (with F.G. Pyatt et al.) `Methodology for macro-economic projections', ibid, Working paper XII. 22. (with J.B. Knight) `On the determination of the general wage level: An interchange', Economic Journal, vol. LXXXIII, June 1973. 23. `Employment and wage rates' in J.A. Allen, K.S. McLachlan, and E.T. Penrose (eds) Libya: Agriculture and Economic Development, London, 1973. (First published in Libya: A General Report, Libyan-London Universities Joint Research Project on Libyan Agriculture, 1969). 24. (with Elizabeth Monroe) `Arab wealth from oil: problems of its investment', International Affairs, vol. 50, no. 1, January 1974. 25. `Political and financial aspects of the oil game' in E.W. Erickson and L.Waverman (eds) The Energy Question: An International Failure of Policy, Toronto, 1974. 26. `The possibilities of Arab monetary union and the emergence of the petrodinar', IPS Ltd, Proceedings of the Oil and International Money Conference, London, April 1974. 27. `The international role of Gulf Arab oil' in Investment in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the Gulf: the Political Climate, Focus Research Limited, May 1974. 28. `Egypt's economy' in Investment in Egypt: the Political Climate, Focus Research Limited, November 1974. 29.`The rapidly growing wealth and purchasing power of the Middle East, the absorptive capacity of the oil-producing states and development plans' in AMR/MEED Seminar Proceedings, Prospects for European Trade and Investment in the Middle East, London, December 1974. (Also published as `Dialogue may be frustrated by problems of understanding', Middle East Economic Digest, 20 December 1974). 30. `Some aspects and problems of foreign private investment in the Middle East' in United Nations Studies on Development Problems in Selected Countries of the Middle East, 1973, New York 1974 (First published by United Nations Economic and Social Office in Beirut, May 1972) 31. `Problems of investment', Arab Planning Institute, Proceedings of Seminar on Investment Policies of Arab Oil Producing Countries, Kuwait, 1974. 32. (with K.Griffin) `Sharecropping and technical change' in K.Griffin The Political Economy of Agrarian Change, London, 1974. 33. `Foreign operations in Iraq' in Operations in Iraq: the Political Climate, Focus Research Ltd, May 1975. 34. `The channelling of oil revenues within and outside the Middle East' in AMR/MEED The 1975 Middle East Business Strategies Conference, Brussels, June 1975. 35. `Can OPEC hold the price line?', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XVIII, no. 19, 28 February 1975. (Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, See A(7) above). 36. `Egypt's economic relations with the socialist countries', World Development, vol. 3, no. 5, May 1975. (Also in D.Nayyar (ed.) Economic Relations between Socialist Countries and the Third World, London, 1977). 37. `The Egyptian economy: present problems and future prospects', Chuto Sogo Kenkya (Tokyo), no. 2, December 1975 (in Japanese only). 38. `OPEC after the oil revolution', Millennium, Journal of International Studies, London School of Economics, vol. 4, no. 3, Winter 1975/6. (Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, see A(7) above). 39. `Employment, choice of technology, sectoral priorities' in ILO Manpower and Employment in Arab Countries: some Critical Issues, Geneva, 1976. (First published by United Nations Economic and Social Council, Seminar on Manpower and Employment Planning in the Arab Countries, Beirut, 10 May 1975). 40. `Aspects of economic development in Iran' in Chatham House Conference on Iran 1980-85, London, December 1976. 41. (with F.G. Pyatt et al) Social Accounting for Development Planning with Special Reference to Sri Lanka, Cambridge University Press, 1977. 42. `Development - defects in OPEC's fast growth strategy' in Middle East Annual Review 1977. 43. (with I.Shihata), The OPEC Aid Record, Vienna, 1978. (Also published in World Development, vol. 7, no. 2, 1979; in M.Abdel Fadhil (ed.) Papers on the Economics of Oil, Oxford University Press, 1979; in I Shihata The Other Face of OPEC, Longman, 1982; and in Arabic in OAPEC, Oil and Arab Co-operation, vol. 4, no. 1, 1978). 44. `Libyan Economy' in W.Knapp (ed.) North West Africa, Oxford University Press, 1977. 44. `What Egypt is wasting', Euromoney, September 1977. 46. `Energy crisis in 1985?', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXI, no. 25, 10 April 1978. (Published in Arabic in OAPEC Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 6, June 1978). 47. `The price of oil: problems of its administration', OPEC Review, vol. II, no. 3, June 1978. 48. (with others) Compétition Internationale et Redéploiement Géographique, Masson, Paris, 1978. 49. `The marker and the market, the heavy and the light', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXI, no. 48, 18 September 1978. (Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, see A(7) above. Published in Arabic in OAPEC Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 10, October 1978). 50. `OPEC, oil nationalism and the US elephant', Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 30 April 1979. 51. `The role of government in regulating energy markets', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXIII, no. 1, 22 October 1979. (Also published in OPEC, OPEC and Future Energy Markets, MacMillan, 1980) 52. `Financial co-operation between OPEC capital surplus and other developing countries' in UNIDO Industry 2000, International Financial Flows, Vienna, 1979. 53. `The dilemma between short- and long-term oil prices', Université Laval, G.R.E.E.N., e IV Colloque International d'Economie Pétrolière, Octobre 1979. (Also published in Arab Oil and Gas, vol. VIII, December 1979; and in M.Khouja (ed) The Challenge of Energy, Longman, 1981). 54. `Oil revenues and the cost of social and economic development', OAPEC, First Arab Energy Conference, Abu Dhabi 1979. Published in Energy in the Arab World, Kuwait, 1980. (Published in Arabic in Mustaqbal al Arabi, no. 7, 1979). 55. Chapters 11 and 12 of K.Ikram Egypt: Economic Management in a Period of Transition, John Hopkins Press, 1980. 56. `Introduction' in M.Ziwar-Daftari (ed) Issues in Development: the Arab Gulf States, London, 1980. 57. `The world price of crude oil', The European Petroleum & Gas Conference, 1980. 58.`Aspects of the oil supply problem' in A.S.Courakis (ed) Inflation, Depression and Economic Policy in the West, Mansell, 1981. 59. `The case for a dynamic approach to economic development', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXIV, no. 27, 20 April 1981. (Also published in Seminar between OAPEC and South European Countries Development through Co-operation: Proceedings of the Seminar, Rome, November 1981; and in Energia, no. speciale, 1981). 60. `In glut or in scarcity, energy problems will remain', Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 28 September 1981. (Also published in Spanish as `Naturaleza del problema energetico' in Energeticos vol. 5, no. 10, Mexico, October 1981; Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, see A(7) above). 61. `Discussion on papers by Eden and Shelbourne', Institute of Petroleum Energy Resources and Finance, London, 1982. 62. `Crystal-balling the oil market in 1982', EIU Quarterly Energy Review, 1st Q 1982. 63. `Latest development in the world energy situation', Dinar: Kuwait Business and Financial Review, vol. 1, no. 3, 1982. 64. `Egyptian economic policy', Natural Resources Forum, no. 6, 1982. (Also published in Arab Report and Memo, 15 March 1982; and as paper 2/6 the EGPC-IEOC International Seminar on Natural Gas and Economic Development, Cairo, February 1982). 65. `Can OPEC hold the price line?', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXV, no. 21, 8 March 1982. (Published in Arabic in OAPEC Bulletin, vol. 8, no. 4, April 1982; also in Al Syasa, Kuwait, 31/3/1982). 66. `The determinants of the future demand for energy in the Arab world', OAPEC, Second Arab Energy Conference, Qatar 1982, in Proceedings of..., Kuwait, 1983 (Summary in Middle East Economic Survey, vol XXV, no27, 19 April 1982). 67. `Le Rôle de l'OPEP' in IRI, Centre de Géopolitique de l'Energie et des Matières Premières, Cahier no. 109, l'Equilibre Production - Consommation de Pétrole dans le Monde, 1982. 68. `The changing nature of the oil market and OPEC policies', OPEC Review, vol. VI, no. 4, 1982. (Also published in Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXV, no. 49, 20 September 1982; Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, see A(7) above). 69. `OPEC surplus funds', in S. Al-Shaikly (ed) Development Financing, Pinter, 1982. 70. (Research Group on Petroleum Exporters Policies) `Oil prices in 1983: a critical year', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXVI, no. 8, 6 December 1982. (Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market. See A(7) above). 71. (in Arabic) `Immigrant workers and patterns of economic development' in Centre for Arab Unity Studies, Al Amala al Ajnabiya fi Aqtar al Khalij al 'Arabi, Beirut, 1983. 72. `A suggested strategy for world oil price stability', Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 28 February 1983. 73. `A few non-conformist thoughts about the working of OPEC', Oil Enterprise, The Oil and Gas Revue (sic), no. 1, August 1983. (Also in French in the French edition of this periodical, Pétrole et Entreprise, La Revue du Pétrole et du Gaz). 74. ‘The new role of the United Kingdom in the international crude market’, Synchron, year 2, no 3, June 1983. (Also in French and Italian). 75. (Research Group on Petroleum Exporters Policies) `Stability and oil prices: holding the line', Middle East Economic Survey vol. XXVI, no. 50, 26 September 1983. 76. `OPEC's future pricing role may be at stake' in M.S. Wionczek (ed.) World Hydrocarbon Markets, Pergamon, 1983. (Also published in Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 19 April 1982; Reprinted in OPEC and the World Oil Market, see A(7) above). 77. `Long and short-term strategies for OPEC', International Herald Tribune and Oil Daily Conference, London, Nov 1983. 78. `OPEC should set up a central trading agency', Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 5 December 1983. (Reprinted in OPEC and the World Petroleum Market, see A(7) above). 79. On Oil Price Concepts, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Paper WPM3, 1984. 80. `Prospects for international trade in natural gas', Proceedings of the Eighth Doha Technical Symposium on the Gas Industry, Qatar, 1984. (Reprinted in Natural Gas: an International Perspective, see A(6) above). 81. `Changing world energy scenarios 1973-2000' in Centropep OPEP 25 Anos: 1 Seminario Internacional 'El Futuro de la OPEP’, Caracas, April 1985. 82. `Minutes of evidence taken before the Energy Committee', House of Commons, Fifth Report from the Energy Committee, Session 1984-5, HMSO, London, 8 March 1985. 83. `The economic consequences of a fall in future energy demand in the Arab world', OAPEC, Third Arab Energy Conference, Algiers, 1985. (Also published in OAPEC, Proceedings of..., Kuwait, 1986; in Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXVIII, no. 31; in French in Revue de l'Energie, no. 376, September 1985; also as Paper F4, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1985). 84. `OPEC: its position and power', FT, Financial Times Conference, Oil Industry Developments, London, July 1985. 85. `The risk of a decline in oil prices in the near future has increased', Petroleum Review, vol. 39, no. 467, December 1985. 86. `Inter-Arab economic co-operation' as vol. 12 of OAPEC/ENI, The Interdependence Project: A Joint Study, Kuwait, December 1985. 87. (with N. Ait-Laoussine), `We are worried', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXIX, no. 16, 27 January 1986. 88. `The present oil crisis: the causes and implications', Arab Affairs, no. 1, Summer 1986. 89. The Impact of Low Oil Prices on Demand, Supplies and the Petroleum Industry, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Paper WPM7, 1986 (Reprinted in The 1996 Oil Price Crisis, See A(9) above. Also published in Spanish in La Jornada, 18 March 1986). 90. Will New PRT Rules Change Trading Behaviour in the Brent Market, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Special Study, 1986. 91. `Prospects for economic and technical co-operation between the Arab world and European countries', Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Jordan), Arab Thought Forum, OAPEC, AFESC and the Beijer Institute, Seminar on Prospects for Oil and Future Development in the Arab Countries, Amman, 1-2 December 1987. 92. `World energy balance: interdependence and international co-operation' in J. Michaux, A. Hamad and K. Saiki (ed), The Medium- and Long-Term Energy Outlook: Energy Balances in Oil Importing and Oil Exporting Countries, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1987. 93. `Global demand and supply of oil in OAPEC', Arab-European Technical Seminar on Interdependence, Part I, Kuwait 28-29 January 1986, Kuwait, 1988. 94. `Energy and Arab Co-operation', OAPEC, Fourth Arab Energy Conference, Baghdad 1988. Published in OAPEC, The Fourth Arab Energy Conference, Kuwait, 1988. 95. `Fixed oil prices versus fixed volumes', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXXI, no. 25, 28 March 1988. 96. `An overview of the impact of low oil prices', Repsol-Harvard Seminar, Executive Session on Petroleum Policy, Toledo, April 1988. 97. `Industrialization' in M. Adams (ed.) The Middle East, A Handbook, London 1988. 98. `Why producers need a pricing policy?', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXXII, no. 1, 10 October 1988. 99. `OPEC producer policy - an agreement to last?', FT, Financial Times Conferences, The Outlook for Oil, London, December 1988. 100. (in Arabic) `The oil situation and the future of the Arab world', Nadi al Jisra al Thaqafi wal Ijtima'i, Qaddaya Thaqafia, Doha, 1989. 101. `Oil prices in the 1990s: It all depends on capacity', Middle East Economic Survey, vol. XXXIII, no. 5, 6 November 1989. 102. `Epilogue', in Ian Skeet (ed.) Paul Frankel Common Carrier of Common Sense, Oxford University Press, 1989. 103. (ed.) The First Oil War, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1990. (Also published in Spanish as `La primera guerra del petróleo' in Cinco Dias, Madrid, 3 September 1990). 104. Political Dimensions of the Gulf Crisis, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Gulf and World Oil Issues Series, no. 1, 1990. (Also published in Gulf News, the UAE, 8 and 9 February 1991). 105. `The oil market' in MEED Gulf Crisis Conference Proceedings, London, September 1990. 106. `Co-operation: the way forward' in Centre for Global Energy Studies, The Gulf Crisis: Energy & Regional Security Ramifications, London 1990. 107. `Surplus economies: Middle East producers' International Economic Insights, Institute for International Economics, Washington, vol. II, no. 2, March-April 1991. 108. A Dialogue between Oil Producers and Consumers: the Why and the How, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1991. 109. `Oil and the Gulf crisis', in A. Atkinson and R. Brunetta (eds) Economics for the New Europe, MacMillan 1991. 110. `Towards a new era' in Centre for Global Energy Studies, After the Conflict: A New Era for the Oil Industry, London, 1991. 111. OPEC and the Price of Oil, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1992. (Also published in The Energy Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, 1992). 112. `The political instability of the Middle East and its impact on oil production and trade', Energy Studies Review, vol. 4, no. 1, 1992. 113. `The consumers' environmental policies and the oil-exporting countries', OPEC, Seminar on the Environment, Vienna, 13-15 April 1992.