YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED MORE THAN A TEXTBOOK! Enhance your learning with Evolve Student Resources. These online study tools and exercises can help deepen your understanding of textbook content so you can be more prepared for class, perform better on exams, and succeed in your course. Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each NEW textbook purchase by registering with your scratch-off access code at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Persing/ If your school uses its own Learning Management System, your resources may be delivered on that platform. Consult with your instructor. If you rented or purchased a used book and the scratch-off code at right has already been revealed, the code may have been used and cannot be re-used for registration. To purchase a new code to access these Place valuable study resources, simply follow the link above. Sticker Here REGISTER TODAY! You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve! Go to evolve.elsevier.com/shop to search and browse for products. 2019v1.0 Respiratory Care Exam Review This page intentionally left blank Fifth Edition Respiratory Care Exam Review Gary Persing, BSRT, RRT Retired Program Director Respiratory Care Program Tulsa Community College Tulsa, Oklahoma Respiratory Review Workshops, Inc. Director TMC/Clinical Simulation Exam Review Workshops Please do not contact Gary for issues you may be having with the Evolve website portion of the textbook. Direct any concerns to Evolve Technical Support at 800-222-9570. Elsevier 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 RESPIRATORY CARE EXAM REVIEW, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-55368-1 Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2010, 2005, 2000 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies, and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods, they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administra- tion, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses and to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence, or otherwise or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952407 Executive Content Strategist: Yvonne Alexopoulos Content Development Manager: Ellen Wurm-Cutter Content Development Specialist: Melissa Rawe Project Manager: Bharat Narang Designer: Patrick Ferguson Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Debbie, Lindsey, Kenton and Maddie, and all the students who have used my exam review books over the years. Also, to Buddy, our lovable golden retriever, and to the memory of Buddy Sr., our golden retriever and retired service dog whom we recently lost to cancer. And as always, to my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who has continued to bless me in so many ways. This page intentionally left blank CONTRIBUTOR Ancillary Writer Tonya Edwards, MEd, RRT-NPS, RPFT, ACCS Program Director Respiratory Care Program Weatherford College Weatherford, Texas vii This page intentionally left blank