Lecture Notes in Energy 65 Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Sharifi Editors Resilience- Oriented Urban Planning Theoretical and Empirical Insights Lecture Notes in Energy Volume 65 LectureNotesinEnergy(LNE)isaseriesthatreportsonnewdevelopmentsinthe studyofenergy:fromscienceandengineeringtotheanalysisofenergypolicy.The series’ scope includes but is not limited to, renewable and green energy, nuclear, fossil fuels and carbon capture, energy systems, energy storage and harvesting, batteries and fuel cells, power systems, energy efficiency, energy in buildings, energy policy, as well as energy-related topics in economics, management and transportation.BookspublishedinLNEareoriginalandtimelyandbridgebetween advanced textbooks and the forefront of research. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8874 fi Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Shari (cid:129) Editors Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning Theoretical and Empirical Insights 123 Editors Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Sharifi Centerfor Global Environmental Centerfor Global Environmental Research Research National Institute for Environmental National Institute for Environmental Studies Studies Tsukuba,Ibaraki Tsukuba,Ibaraki Japan Japan ISSN 2195-1284 ISSN 2195-1292 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Energy ISBN978-3-319-75797-1 ISBN978-3-319-75798-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75798-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018932185 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringer InternationalPublishingAGpartofSpringerNature Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Resilience is a topic of interest to researchers, planners, and policymakers as they prepare toface consequences and complexrisks posed by a broad range of natural and man-made disasters. The concept has gained prominence in the literature, and scholars across a broad range of disciplines, including psychology, ecology, engineering, and social sciences, have utilized resilience as a guiding concept in research and practice. Since the turn of century, resilience has emerged as a complement to, and even a substitute for, sustainability. Urban researchers, plan- ners,andpolicymakersareincreasinglypayingattentiontothisconcept.Resilience is widely considered as a quality required for meeting various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that have recently been set in order to develop com- munities that are more equal, safe, livable, and sustainable. In the context of urban planning, resilience thinking can be used to enhance copingcapacityofbothexistingandfuturedevelopmentsandtohelpthemmaintain their essential operations. Resilience thinking furthermore advocates considering disastrous events as windows of opportunity for significant improvements in the existing conditions and for bouncing forward through transformative adaptation. Over the past three years, the Global Carbon Project (GCP), as a core project of the Future Earth initiative, has organized several meetings to discuss various issuesrelatedtourbanresilience(http://www.cger.nies.go.jp/gcp/activities.html).In December 2015, GCP organized a workshop on “Tools and Indicators for AssessingUrbanResilience”atTheUniversityofTokyo,Japan.Astrongscientific network was established following this event to support future collaborations and foster dissemination of research findings. As an initial step, the workshop partici- pants were invited to revise and publish their presentations as chapters that can be used by a variety of stakeholders, ranging from graduate students to researchers, planners, and policymakers. It is our great pleasure to see this book as one of the first outputs of this scientific network. The book has three parts, each addressing a specific area of concern for the developmentofresilienturbanenvironments.Theindividualchapterscoverabroad spectrum of issues related to enhancing the ability of cities to “plan and prepare for,” “absorb,” “recover from,” and “adapt” to potential adverse consequences of v vi Preface climatechangeandotherthreats.Thespecificfocusofthethreepartswillbeonthe following three main themes, respectively: – Planninganddecision-makingprocess:Contributionsrelatedtothisthemeare focused on various innovative methods and processes needed to incorporate resilience thinking into urban planning. Among other things, this will include discussionsonimprovementsand/ormodificationsthatneedtobemadeinhow citiesaremanagedandparadigmshiftsthatarenecessarytomeetthechallenges of climate change. In addition, various issues related to assessment of urban resilience and effectiveness of resilience improvement plans are also discussed under this theme. – Casestudies:Thebookalsofeaturesseveralcasestudiesfromaroundtheworld. Thesecasesshowhowtheoreticalaspectsofurbanresilienceareputintoaction, what thesuccessstories are,and whatchallenges need tobeovercomeinorder toenhanceresilienceofurbancommunities.Thesuccessstoriespresentedunder this theme signify the ever-growing role that cities can play in improving their resilience and addressing the challenges of climate change. – Urban form and typologies: Here the focus is on how different urban forms respondtopotentialthreatsposedbyclimatechange.Aconceptualframeworkis introduced that can be used for assessing resilience of urban form. This con- ceptualframework covers issues related to resilience ofurban form elements at macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. The part related to this theme also includes contributions that provide theoretical and empirical evidence related to resi- lienceofsomeoftheurbanformelementsthatwerementionedintheconceptual framework. We would like to thank all colleagues who gave up their time to contribute to thisproject.Wewouldalsolike toappreciatethepartialfinancial supportfromthe Asia-PacificNetworkforGlobalChangeResearch.Wehopeyouwillenjoyreading thisbookandhopethat thestrategies proposedinthisbookwillbeusedtobolster resilienceandsustainabilityofcitiesinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherthreats. Tsukuba, Japan Yoshiki Yamagata Ayyoob Sharifi Highlights – Innovative planning tools and methodologies (bottom-up and top-down) are introduced. – Urban form and its association with urban resilience is investigated. – Various criteria and indicators for assessing resilience of urban form are introduced. – Toolsandmethodologiesforurbanresilienceassessmentareexplored,andtheir integration with the planning process is discussed. – Several case studies on urban resilience building activities are presented. vii Contents Part I Integrating Resilience Thinking into Urban Planning 1 Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ayyoob Sharifi and Yoshiki Yamagata 2 Resilience Matrix for Comprehensive Urban Resilience Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Cate Fox-Lent and Igor Linkov 3 Urban Informality and Planning: Challenges to Mainstreaming Resilience in Indian Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Minal Pathak and Darshini Mahadevia 4 Designing a ‘Fit-for-Purpose’ Approach to Tracking Progress on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Learning from Local Governments in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Susie Moloney and Heather McClaren Part II Case Studies 5 European Municipalities Engaging in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Networks: Examining the Case of the Covenant of Mayors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Wolfgang Haupt 6 Barcelona Experience in Resilience: An Integrated Governance Model for Operationalizing Urban Resilience . . . . . . . 111 Lorenzo Chelleri 7 Resilience Concepts and Planning Realities: How Quy Nhon Is Becoming a Resilient City by Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Master Plans? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Jiwnath Ghimire, Kim Chi Vu and Hang Nguyen Thi Thuy ix x Contents 8 When a Disaster Risk Reduction Policy Fails in the Implementation Stage: Eroding Community Resilience and Traditional Architecture in Iranian Villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Boshra Khoshnevis and Lorenzo Chelleri Part III Urban Form and Resilience 9 Resilient Urban Form: A Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Ayyoob Sharifi and Yoshiki Yamagata 10 Prospects for Urban Morphology in Resilience Assessment . . . . . . 181 Paul Stangl 11 Is Connectivity a Desirable Property in Urban Resilience Assessments?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Marta Olazabal, Lorenzo Chelleri and Ayyoob Sharifi 12 Spatially Explicit Land-Use Modelling for Assessing Climate-Resilient Sustainable Urban Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Yoshiki Yamagata and Daisuke Murakami