ISBN: 978-81-927935-2-8 Camel Research (1986-2013)-NRC on Camel Editors: S. Vyas, A.K. Sharma and N.V. Patil National Research Centre on Camel (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Post Bag-07, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334001(Raj.) India Camel Research (1986-2013)-NRC on Camel Editors: S. Vyas, A.K. Sharma and N.V. Patil Published by National Research Centre on Camel Pox Box -07, Jorbeer, Bikaner (Rajasthan) 334001, India Phone: +91.151.2230183, Fax: + 91.151.2231213 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nrccamel.res.in First Edition: 2014 ISBN: 978-81-927935-2-8 © 2014, National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner Preface During a train journey from Bikaner to New Delhi in winters of 2012-13, I met Mr Anurag Acharya, founder and Principal Scientist of Google Scholar. He complained that though Indian scientists have produced good research work but most of the work being published in Indian Journals is not available to the global research fraternity and hence quality cannot be judged on global scale. His words kept on disturbing me because it is true that unless the research findings are available to other researchers they cannot be put on trial for their repetitive value, an essential criterion for the research findings to be declared useful for end user (in our case the farmer). The lack of widespread dissemination of research findings can also hamper the due recognition for novelty of the research results. Further in the present era of IPR the word “idea patent” can be tackled only by making available the research done in public domain. This was the genesis for preparing the present book of abstracts of research papers published (from 1986 to 2013) out of work done on camel at National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, an institute under aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Majority of the work was done on Camelus dromedarius (single humped camel) with few papers on Camelus bactrianus (double hump camel). Apart from Centre’s Library the libraries of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal and Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar were consulted. It took almost one year to complete this book. A total number of 272 abstracts are presented in chronological order. A list of research papers (96) published without summary or abstracts has been placed in the end. Apart from limited print copies the book will also be made available on internet. This will save the cost of printing of many copies for distribution and will aid to conserve the environment by saving paper. The page setting has been done in the manner to enable it to be searched easily by popular search engines like Google scholar. The web link of the book will also be provided to the international agencies working on camel like ISOCARD (International Society of Camelid Research and Development), CIRAD-EMVT, France so that most of the camel researchers can have access to this book. I am hopeful that this book will become important reference book for the camel researchers and students globally. I express my warm regards and sincere thanks to Prof. K.M.L. Pathak, Deputy Director General (AS), Indian Council of Agricultural Research for his constant motivation and encouragement. I extend my gratitude to Dr B.S. Prakash, Assistant Director General (AN&P), ICAR for his ingenious advice. I express my gratitude to Dr N.V. Patil, Director, National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner for providing necessary infrastructure and resources to complete this book. This work would not have been possible without his sagacious guidance, immense help and care. I also thank the help by another co-editor of the book, A.K. Sharma, Research Associate, ITMU, NRC on Camel, Bikaner. (Sumant Vyas) Pr. Sci. (Ani. Reprod.) Index S.No. Contents Page No. 1. List of research papers (with abstracts/ summary) i-xvii 2. Abstracts 1-272 3. List of research papers without abstracts/summary xviii-xxii List of research papers (with abstracts/summary) 1986 1. Agarwal S.P., Khanna N.D., Agarwal V.K. and Dwaraknath P.K. (1986). Thyroidal status of male camel (Camelus dromedarius) during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 56(10):1036-1038. 1987 2. Agarwal S.P. Agarwal V.K., Khanna, N.D and Dwaraknath P.K. (1987). Profiles of steroid hormones in male camel (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 57(7):659- 661. 3. Agarwal S.P., Khanna N.D., Agarwal V.K. and Dwaraknath P.K. (1987). Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone in female camel (Camelus dromedarius) during pregnancy. Theriogenology 28(6):849-859. 1988 4. Tandon S.N., Singh H.P. and Khanna N.D. (1988). Genetic studies on birth weight of camel calves of Bikaneri breed. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58(4): 463-465. 1989 5. Agarwal S.P., Agarwal V.K., Khanna, N.D. and Dwaraknath P.K. (1989). Serum estrogen and progesterone levels in camel during oestrus cycle. Indian Veterinary Journal 66:605-608. 6. Agarwal S.P., Khanna N.D., Agarwal V.K. and Dwaraknath P.K. (1989). Circulating concentration of thyroid hormones in pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius). Theriogenology 31(6):1239-1247. 1990 7. Khanna N.D., Rai A.K. and Tandon S.N. (1990). Population trends and distribution of camel population in India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 60(3):331-337. 8. Khanna N.D. (1990). Camels in India from the proto-historic to the present times. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 60(9):1093-1101. 9. Khanna N.D., Tandon S.N. and Rai A.K. (1990). Breeding parameters of Indian camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 60(11):1347-1354. 1991 10. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1991). Serum progesterone levels in female camels during oestrous cycle. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 61(1):37-39. 11. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1991). Cortisol response of male camel (Camelus dromedarius) under different types of work load. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Biology 20(3):149-152. i Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel 12. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K and Khanna N.D. (1991). Effect of mating on hormone levels in male camels (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Veterinary Journal 68: 931-933. 13. Khanna N.D. and Rai A.K. (1991). Camel rearing in Indian arid zone. Annals of Arid Zone 30(1):1-10. 14. Rai A.K., Agarwal S.P. and Khanna N.D. (1991). Induction of early puberty in female camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 61(12):1265-1268. 1992 15. Rai A.K., Khanna N.D. and Agarwal S.P. (1992). Effect of feeding Leucaena leucocephala with Phaseolus acontifolius on growth and thyroid status of camel calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 62(4):297-301. 1993 16. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1993). Effect of low dose FSH administration on ovarian activity during non-breeding season in the camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 63(4):387-390. 17. Bissa U.K., Sharma N., Sahani M.S. and Khanna N.D. (1993). A case of heat stroke in an adult camel. Indian Veterinary Journal 70:753-754. 18. Khanna N.D. and Rai. A.K. (1993). Traditional camel production in the Indian desert ecosystem and its perception in changing socio-economic scenario. Asian Livestock 18(10):127-131. 19. Khanna N.D. and Rai A.K. (1993). Camel draught power for rural energy. Journal of Rural Energy 2:33-41. 20. Nagpal A.K., Rai. A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1993). Nutrient utilization in growing camel calves kept at two watering schedules. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 63(6):671-673. 1994 21. Rai A.K., Nagpal A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1994). Draught performances of Indian camels of Bikaneri breed. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 64(10):1092-1096. 22. Rai A.K., Nagpal A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1994). Effect of water restriction on nutrient utilization in Indian camel during summer. International Journal of Animal Sciences 9:131-137. 1995 23. Agarwal S.P. and Rai A.K. (1995). Recent revealations about ovulation in camel: an updated review, Indian Veterinary Medical Journal 19:251-254. 24. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1995). Thyroid status of female camels following mating. Indian Veterinary Journal 72:591-594. 25. Jakhmola R.C. (1995). Effect of watering schedule on intake and digestibility of nutrients in camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 65(4):460-463. 26. Jakhmola R.C. and Roy A.K. (1995). Feeding energy supplements to adult male camels during winter. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 65(1):80-83. 27. Pathak K.M.L. and Khanna N.D. (1995). Trypanosomosis in camel (Camelus dromedarius) with particular reference to Indian Sub-Continent: A Review. International Journal of Animal Sciences 10:157-162. ii Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel 28. Rai A.K., Nagpal A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1995). Effect of water restriction on nutrient utilization in pack camels under hot humid conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 65(11): 1256-1262. 29. Rai A.K., Nagpal A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1995). Effect of water deprivation on nutrient utilization in Indian camels (Camelus dromedarius) during winter. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 65(5):565-570. 1996 30. Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K., Vyas S. and Khanna N.D. (1996). Augmentation of early reproduction through hormonal therapy in camel heifers. International Journal of Animal Sciences 11:361- 363. 31. Jakhmola R.C. and Roy A.K. (1996). Effect of feeding moth chara (Phaseolus aconitifolius) supplemented with concentrate and stage of pregnancy on certain blood metabolites in camel. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 66(1): 68-73. 32. Kumar P., Agarwal V.K., Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1996). Concentration of steriod hormones in the poll gland secretion of Indian camel. Indian Veterinary Journal 73:28-30. 33. Khanna N.D., Uppal P.K., Sharma N. and Tripathi B.N. (1996). Occurrence of pox infection in camels. Indian Veterinary Journal 73:813-817. 34. Nagpal A.K., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1996). Nutrient utiliztion and serum electrolytes in pack safari camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 66(11): 1166-1169. 35. Rai A.K., Manivannan B. and Khanna N.D. (1996). Sexual behavior of camels and poll glands secretion during breeding and non- breeding season. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 66(4): 325-329. 36. Sahani M.S. and Khanna, N.D. (1996). Hair production in Indian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) managed under farm conditions. Indian Veterinary Journal 73:531-533. 37. Singh R., Raisinghani G., Kasturi M., Tandon S.N. and Khanna N.D. (1996). Comparative study on blood serum enzymes in Indian camel. International Journal of Animal Sciences 11:357-359. 1997 38. Agarwal S.P. and Khanna N.D. (1997). Prevoulatory LH surge in female camels (Camelus dromedarius) and its association with subsequent ovarian events. Indian Veterinary Journal 74: 759-761. 39. Agarwal S.P. and Khanna N.D. (1997). Ovario-pituitary response to exogenous hormones in the post partum female camels (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 67 (11): 953-954. 40. Khanna N.D. (1997). History of camel in Indian Context. Asian Agri-History 1(4): 253-266 41. Rai A.K., Sharma N., Manivannan B. and Khanna N.D. (1997). Camel semen during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 67 (5): 397-399. 42. Vyas S., Ravault J.P., Faye B. and Chemineau P. (1997). The nyctohemeral rhythm of melatonin secretion in camel (Camelus dromedarius). Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux:261-263. iii Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel 1998 43. Agarwal S.P. and Khanna N.D. (1998). Off season breeding in camel by photoperiodic control. International Journal of Animal Sciences 13:45-48. 44. Agarwal S.P. and Khanna N.D. (1998). Early pregnancy diagnosis through progesterone estimation in camels (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Veterinary Journal 75:131-133. 45. Kalanidhi A.P., Bissa U.K. and Srinivasan V.A., (1998) Seroconsversion and duration of immunity in camels vaccinated with tissue culture inactivated rabies vaccine. Veterinarski Arhiv 68 (3):81-84. 46. Laval G., Khanna N.D. and Faye B. (1998). A typology of camel farming systems in Bikaner and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan, India. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux 51 (2):147-154. 47. Nagpal A.K., Kiradoo B.D., Raja Purohit, Mal G. and Ram Kumar (1998). Comparative studies on effect of stall-feeding and continuous pasture grazing systems on camel production. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 15(3):151-57. 48. Nagpal A.K., Mal G., Purohit R., and Kiradoo B.D. (1998). Utilization of Bui (Aerva tomentosa) leaves in the ration of camel. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 15: 212-215. 49. Nagpal A.K., Sahani M.S. and Roy A.K., (1998). Growth, feed utilisation efficiency and nutrient utilisation in growing camel calves. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 14(1):1-4. 50. Nagpal A.K., Sahani M.S., Roy A.K. and Mal G. (1998). Voluntary feed intake, digestibility and utilization of macro and micro-elements in dry and pregnant camels. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 15(3):158-162. 51. Nagpal A.K., Sahani M.S. and Roy A.K. and Mal G. (1998). Voluntary feed intake and utilisation of macro and micro nutrients in dry and lactating Bikaneri camels. International Journal of Animal Sciences 13:19-24. 52. Sahani M.S. and Rathinasabapathy M. (1998). The fast dwindling species of Ladakh a brief note. Indian Farming 48: 13-14. 53. Sahani M.S. and Rathinasabapathy, M. and Mal G. (1998). Milking technique and other factors affecting milk production potential in different breeds of camel under farm conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 68(3):254-256. 54. Vyas S., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D., (1998). Treatment of cystic ovarian degeneration in Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Veterinary Journal 75:827. 55. Vyas S., Agarwal S.P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D. (1998). Monitoring ovulation and conception employing blood progesterone estimation in female Camelus dromedarius. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 15 (1): 33-34. 56. Vyas S., Goswami P., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D., (1998). Use of Tris and lactose extenders in preservation of camel semen at refrigerated temperature. Indian Veterinary Journal 75:810-812. 57. Vyas S., Singh A.K., Goswami P., Bissa U.K., Rai A.K. and Khanna N.D., (1998). Superovulation and non surgical embryo flushing in Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius). International Journal of Animal Science 13: 147-148. 1999 58. Nagpal A.K., Kiradoo B.D., Purohit Raja, Roy A.K. and Sahani M.S. (1999). Camel production system under 3 tier silvi pasture in arid eco system. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 15(2): 59-63. iv Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel 59. Nagpal A.K., Purohit Raja, Kiradoo B.D. and Sahani M.S. (1999). Studies on stall feeding vis a vis 3 tier silvi pasture grazing in arid eco system. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 6(1): 93-96. 60. Nagpal A.K. and Sahani M.S. (1999). ECT of dietary phosphorus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in camel calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 16(4): 326-331. 61. Sena D.S., Mal G., Kumar R., Singhvi N.M., Chirania, B.L. and Sahani M.S. (1999). Clinico- haematological and therapeutic studies on mange in camels. Indian Veterinary Journal 76: 998- 1000. 2000 62. Bhakat C. and Sahani M.S. (2000). Camel carting a subsidiary source of income of camel keepers in the hot arid Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 16 (1&2) : 7-9. 63. Bissa U.K., Yadav S.B.S., Khanna N.D. and Pant K.P. (2000). Body weight and dimensions at birth in three breeds of Indian camel. International Journal of Animal Sciences 15(2): 253-257. 64. Deen A. and Sahani M. S. (2000). Preliminary attempts to collect and cryopreserve camel semen. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 7 (2): 181-186. 65. Kasturi N., Singh R., Tandon S.N., Raisinghani G and Khanna N. D. (2000). Study on haemolytic complement activity of camel through alternate pathways. International Journal Animal Sciences 15 (2):179-183. 66. Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Agarwal V.K., Garg S.L., Sahani M.S. and Singh R. (2000). Thyroid hormone profile in dromedary camel in winter and summer during water restriction. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 7(1): 21-26. 67. Kataria N., Kataria A. K., Agarwal V. K., Garg S. L., Sahani M. S. and Singh R. (2000). Effect of water restriction on serum aldosterone and cortisol in dromedary camel during winter and summer. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 7(1): 1-7. 68. Mal G., Sena S., Jain V. K., Singhvi N.M. and Sahani M. S. (2000). Role of camel milk as an adjuvant nutritional supplement in tuberculosis patients. Livestock International 4 (4):7-14. 69. Mal G., Sena D.S., Kumar R. and Sahani M.S. (2000) A study on the clinical, haemato- biochemical and histopathological aspects of mange in camels. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 14(1): 27-30. 70. Mal G. (2000). Chemical composition and Vitamin C content of milk in Indian camels managed under farm conditions. Indian Veterinary Journal 77: 695-696. 71. Nagpal A.K. Sahani M.S., Roy A.K., Singh R., Kiradoo B.D. and Purohit R. (2000). Voluntary feed intake and nutrient utilization of adult female racing camels (Camelus dromedarius) during exercise and at rest. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 7(2): 205-208. 72. Nagpal A.K., Sahani M.S. and Roy A.K. (2000). Effect of grazing sewan (Lasiurus sindicus) pasture in female camels in arid ecosystem. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 70(9):968-971. 73. Sena D.S., Mal G., Kumar R. and Sahani M.S. (2000). Prevalence, haemato-biochemical and therapeutic efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes in camels. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 14(2): 151-153. 74. Vyas S. and Sahani M.S. (2000). Real-time ultrasonography of ovaries and breeding of the one- humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the early postpartum period. Animal Reproduction Sciences 59: 179-184. v Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel 2001 75. Bhakat C. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Impact of camel production system on the sustainability of marginal farmers in hot arid villages of Thar desert. Indian Journal of Animal Research 35(1): 10-14. 76. Bhakat C., Yadav B. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Effect of certain factors on hair quality attributes in Indian dromedary camel managed in an organized farm. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 71 (10): 992–994. 77. Bhakat C., Sahani M.S., Nagpaul P.K. and Prasad S. (2001). Studies on parturition behaviour and neonatal behaviour of camel in loose housing system. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 17 (1 & 2): 22-25. 78. Deen A., Mal G. and Sahani M. S. (2001). Applicability of commercial progesterone analysis kits standardized on human serum / plasma for progesterone analysis in camel. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 8(2): 221-226. 79. Khan J.A., Kumar, P., Parmasivam M., Singh R., Sahani M.S. and Singh Tej P. (2001). Camel lactoferrin, a transferrin-cum-lactoferrin:crystal structure of camel apolactoferrin at 2.6 A resolution and structural basis of its dual role. Journal of Molecular Biology 309:751-761. 80. Mal G., Sena D.S., Kumar R. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Haemotological and mineral profile of bactrian and dromedary camels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 71(12): 1162-1163. 81. Mal G., Sena D.S., Jain V.K. and Sahani. M.S. (2001) Therapeutic utility of camel milk as nutritional supplement in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Livestock International:4-8. 82. Mal G., Sena D. S. and Kumar R. (2001). Serum biochemical observations on mange in camels. Indian Veterinary Journal 78:104-106. 83. Nagpal A.K. and M.S. Sahani (2001). Investigations on nutrient intake and utilization in adult male draft camels in Indian arid ecosystem. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 17(1&2):46-48. 84. Nagpal A.K. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Improvement in nutrient utilization and growth of Bikaneri camel calves through dietary supplementation of urea molasses mineral block. Indian Journal of Animal Production Management 17(1&2): 14-16. 85. Sena D.S., Mal G., Kumar R. and Sahani M.S. (2001). A preliminary study of prevalence of mastitis in camel. Journal of Applied Animal Research 20:27-31. 86. Sena D.S., Sahani M.S. (2001). pH as an indicator for detecting mastitis in camels Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 71(5): 442-443. 87. Singh R., Tandon, S. N. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Milk enzymes in different breeds of Indian camel (Camelus Dromedarius). International Journal of Animal Sciences 16(1): 85-87 88. Vyas S., Pareek P.K., Purohit G.N. and Sahani M.S. (2001). Management practices for augmenting rut in male Camelus dromedarius. Veterinary Practitioner 2(2): 132-34. 2002 89. Bhakat C., Mehta S.C. and Sahani M.S. (2002). Studies on hair production attribute in Indian dromedary camel managed in an organised farm. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 72 (3): 275-276. 90. Bhakat C., Chaturvedi D. and Sahani M.S. (2002). Camel versus bullock carting and it's economics in the hot arid region of Thar desert. Drought Animal News 37: 21-26. vi Camel Research (1986-2013) - NRC on Camel