Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIV Max Bramer Frans Coenen Miltos Petridis Editors Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIV Proceedings of AI-2007, the Twenty-seventh SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) ฀ Max Bramer, BSc, PhD, CEng, CITP, Frans Coenen, BSc, PhD FBCS, FIET, FRSA, FHEA Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK Miltos Petridis, DipEng, MBA, PhD, MBCS, AMBA University of Greenwich, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-84800-093-3 e-ISBN 978-1-84800-094-0 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com v TECHNICAL PROGRAMME CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION M.A.BRAMER University of Portsmouth, UK This volume comprises the refereed technical papers presented at AI-2007, the Twenty-seventh SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2007. The conference was organised by SGAI, the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Artificial Intelligence. The papers in this volume present new and innovative developments in the field, divided into sections on Constraint Satisfaction, AI Techniques, Data Mining and Machine Learning, Multi-Agent Systems, Data Mining, and Knowledge Acquisition and Management. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This year's prize for the best refereed technical paper was won by a paper entitled 'An Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Approach to Robust Analog Circuit Design using Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization' by Giuseppe Nicosia, Salvatore Rinaudo and Eva Sciacca. SGAI gratefully acknowledges the long-term sponsorship of Hewlett-Packard Laboratories (Bristol) for this prize, which goes back to the 1980s. This is the twenty-fourth volume in the Research and Development series. The Application Stream papers are published as a companion volume under the title Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XV. On behalf of the conference organising committee I should like to thank all those who contributed to the organisation of this year's technical programme, in particular the programme committee members, the executive programme committee and our administrators Rachel Browning and Bryony Bramer. Max Bramer Technical Programme Chair, AI-2007 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AI-2007 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Dr. Miltos Petridis (Conference Chair and UK CBR Organiser) University of Greenwich Dr. Alun Preece (Deputy Conference Chair, Electronic Services) University of Aberdeen Dr Frans Coenen (Deputy Conference Chair, Local Arrangements University of Liverpool and Deputy Technical Programme Chair) Prof. Adrian Hopgood (Workshop Organiser) De Montfort University Rosemary Gilligan (Treasurer) Dr Nirmalie Wiratunga (Poster Session Organiser) The Robert Gordon University Professor Max Bramer (Technical Programme Chair) University of Portsmouth Richard Ellis (Application Programme Chair) Stratum Management Ltd Dr. Tony Allen (Deputy Application Program Chair) Nottingham Trent University Alice Kerly (Research Student Liaison) University of Birmingham Dr. Maria Fasli (Research Student Liaison) University of Essex Rachel Browning (Conference Administrator) BCS Bryony Bramer (Paper Administrator) vii TECHNICAL EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Prof. Max Bramer, University of Portsmouth (Chair) Dr. Frans Coenen, University of Liverpool (Vice-Chair) Dr. Peter Lucas, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Dr. Miltos Petridis, University of Greenwich Dr. Nirmalie Wiratunga, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen viii TECHNICAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Alia Abdelmoty (Cardiff University) John Debenham (University of Technology; Sydney) Andreas A Albrecht (University of Hertfordshire) Stefan Diaconescu (Softwin) Belen Diaz-Agudo (University Roman Belavkin (Middlesex Complutense of Madrid) University) Nicolas Durand (Universite Louis Yaxin Bi (University of Ulster) Pasteur, France) Mirko Boettcher (University of Anneli Edman (University of Magdeburg, Germany) Upsala) Max Bramer (University of Virginia Francisco (Universidad Portsmouth) Complutense de Madrid) Krysia Broda (Imperial College, Adriana Giret (Universidad University of London) Politécnica de Valencia) Ken Brown (University College Marco Antonio Gomez-Martin Cork) (University Conmplutense of Madrid) Frans Coenen (University of Liverpool) Mark Hall (University of Waikato, New Zealand) George Coghill (University of Aberdeen) Nadim Haque (BT) Ernesto Compatangelo (University Syed Zahid Hassan (Central of Aberdeen) Queensland University, Australia) Bruno Cremilleux (University of Joana Hois (University of Bremen) Caen) Arjen Hommersom (University of Madalina Croitoru (University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Southampton) Adrian Hopgood (De Montfort Ireneusz Czarnowski (Gdynia University) Maritime University, Poland) Piotr Jedrzejowicz (Gdynia Maritime Richard Dapoigny (University of University; Poland) Savoie) Rasa Jurgelenaite (Radboud Marina De Vos (University of Bath) University, The Netherlands) ix Konstantinos Kotis (University of Juan Jose Rodriguez (University of the Aegean) Burgos) Ivan Koychev (Bulgarian Academy Maria Dolores Rodriguez-Moreno of Science) (Universidad de Alcala) T. K. Satish Kumar (University of Fernando Saenz Perez (Universidad California, Berkeley) Complutense de Madrid) Peter Lucas (University of Miguel A. Salido (Universidad Nijmegen) Politécnica de Valencia) Daniel Manrique Gamo (University Rainer Schmidt (University of of Madrid) Rostock, Germany) Raphaël Marée (University of Liege; Evgueni Smirnov (Maastricht Belgium) University, The Netherlands) David McSherry (University of Fatih Tasgetiren (Sultan Qaboos Ulster) University, Oman) Roberto Micalizio (Università di Simon Thompson (BT) Torino) Jon Timmis (University of York) Alfonsas Misevicius (Kaunas University of Technology) Gianluca Torta (Università di Torino) David Muse (University of Sunderland) Andrew Tuson (City University) Lars Nolle (Nottingham Trent M.R.C. van Dongen (University University) College Cork) Tomas Eric Nordlander (University Carl Vogel (Trinity College Dublin, College Cork) Ireland) Dan O'Leary (University of Southern Graham Winstanley (University of California) Brighton) Barry O'Sullivan (University Nirmalie Wiratunga (Robert Gordon College Cork) University) Nir Oren (University of Aberdeen) Fei Ling Woon (SDG Consulting UK) Filipo Perotto Alun Preece (University of Aberdeen) CONTENTS TECHNICAL KEYNOTE ADDRESS Adventures in Personalized Web Search 3 Barry Smyth (University College, Dublin) BEST TECHNICAL PAPER An Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Approach to Robust Analog Circuit 7 Design using Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Giuseppe Nicosia (University of Catania, Italy), Salvatore Rinaudo (ST Microelectronics, Italy), Eva Sciacca (University of Catania, Italy) CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION DisBO-wd: a Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Algorithm for Coarse- 23 Grained Distributed Problems Muhammed Basharu (University College, Ireland), Inés Arana and Hatem Ahriz (The Robert Gordon University, UK) Construction of Heuristics for a Search-Based Approach to Solving Sudoku 37 Sian Jones, Paul Roach and Stephanie Perkins (University of Glamorgan) Escaping Local Optima: Constraint Weights vs. Value Penalties 51 Muhammed Basharu (University College, Ireland), Inés Arana and Hatem Ahriz (The Robert Gordon University, UK) Dynamic Rule Mining for Argumentation Based Systems 65 Maya Wardeh, Trevor Bench-Capon and Frans Coenen (University of Liverpool, UK) AI TECHNIQUES Extending Jess to Handle Uncertainty 81 David Corsar, Derek Sleeman and Anne McKenzie (University of Aberdeen) Modelling Affective-based Music Compositional Intelligence with the Aid 95 of ANS Analyses Toshihito Sugimoto, Roberto Legaspi, Akihiro Ota, Koichi Moriyama, Satoshi Kurihara and Masayuki Numao (Osaka University, Japan) Supporting Temporal Information in Medical Care Planning 109 Kirsty Bradbrook and Graham Winstanley (University of Brighton, UK) Learning Sets of Sub-Models for Spatio-Temporal Prediction 123 Andrew Bennett and Derek Magee (University of Leeds, UK) xii Contents DATA MINING AND MACHINE LEARNING Frequent Set Meta Mining: Towards Multi-Agent Data Mining 139 Kamal Ali Albashiri, Frans Coenen, Rob Sanderson and Paul Leng (The University of Liverpool, UK) A Flexible Framework to Experiment With Ontology Learning Techniques 153 Ricardo A Gacitua, Peter Sawyer and Paul Rayson (Lancaster University, UK) Evolving a Dynamic Predictive Coding Mechanism for Novelty Detection 167 Simon J. Haggett and Dominique F. Chu (University of Kent, UK), Ian W. Marshall (Lancaster University, UK) Selecting Bi-Tags for Sentiment Analysis of Text 181 Rahman Mukras, Nirmalie Wiratunga and Robert Lothian (The Robert Gordon University, UK) MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS Merging Intelligent Agency and the Semantic Web 197 John Debenham (UTS, Australia) and Carles Sierra (IIIA, Barcelona, Spain) Can Agents Without Concepts Think? An Investigation Using a Knowledge 211 Based System Nicky Moss (The Open University, UK), Adrian Hopgood (De Montfort University, UK) and Martin Weller (The Open University, UK) Effective Selection of Abstract Plans for Multi-Agent Systems 223 Toshiharu Sugawara (Waseda University, Japan), Satoshi Kurihara (Osaka University, Japan), Toshio Hirotsu (Toyohashi Univ. of Technology, Japan), Kensuke Fukuda (National Institute of Informatics, Japan), Toshihiro Takada (NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Japan) Expressive Security Policy Rules using Layered Conceptual Graphs 237 Madalina Croitoru, Liang Xiao, David Dupplaw and Paul Lewis (University of Southampton, UK) DATA MINING Relevance Feedback for Association Rules by Leveraging Concepts from 253 Information Retrieval Georg Ruß (University of Magdeburg, Germany), Mirko Böttcher and Detlef Nauck (BT Group, UK), Rudolf Kruse (University of Magdeburg, Germany) Visualization and Grouping of Graph Patterns in Molecular Databases 267 Edgar H. de Graaf, Walter A. Kosters and Joost N. Kok (LIACS, Leiden University, NL), Jeroen Kazius (LACDR, Leiden University, NL)