Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIII Max Bramer, Frans Coenen and Andrew Tuson (Eds) Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIII ProceedingsofAI-2006,theTwenty-sixthSGAI International Conferenceon InnovativeTechniques and ApplicationsofArtificial Intelligence ~ Springer ProfessorMaxBramer,BSc,PhD,CEng,FBCS,FlEE,FRSA FacultyofTechnology,UniversityofPortsmouth,Portsmouth,UK DrFransCoenen,PhD DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofLiverpool,Liverpool,UK DrAndrewTuson,MA,MSc,PhD,MBCS DepartmentofComputing,CityUniversity,London BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN-lO:1-84628-662-X Printedonacid-freepaper ISBN-13:978-1-84628-662-9 ©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes ofresearch or privatestudy,orcriticismor review, as permittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.thispublicationmayonlybereproduced. stored or transmitted. in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers.orinthecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissued bytheCopyrightLicensingAgency. Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethosetermsshouldbe senttothepublishers. Theuseofregisterednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply.evenintheabsenceofa specificstatement.thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantlawsandregulationsandthereforefree forgeneraluse. The publisher makes no representation. express or implied. with regard to the accuracy of the informationcontainedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrors oromissionsthatmaybemade. PrintedintheUnitedKingdom 987654321 SpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.com TECHNICAL PROGRAMME CHAIR'S INTRODUCTION M.A.BRAMER UniversityofPortsmouth,UK This volume comprises the refereed technical papers presented at AI-2006, the Twenty-sixth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications ofArtificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2006. The conferencewasorganisedbySGAI,theBritishComputerSocietySpecialistGroupon ArtificialIntelligence. The papers in this volume present new and innovative developments in the field, divided into sections on AI Techniques, Knowledge Discovery in Data, Argumentation, Dialogue Games and Optimisation, Knowledge Representation and Management, SemanticWeb, and Model Based Systems and Simulation. Forthe first time the volume also includes the text ofshort papers presented as posters at the conference. This year's prize for the best refereed technical paper was won by a paper entitled Combining Task Execution with Background Knowledge for the Verification of Medical Guidelines' written by a team comprising Arjen Hommersom, Perry Groot and Peter Lucas (University ofNijmegen, The Netherlands) and Michael Balser and JonathanSchmitt(UniversityofAugsburg, Germany). SGAIgratefullyacknowledges the long-term sponsorship ofHewlett-Packard Laboratories (Bristol) for this prize, whichgoesbacktothe 1980s. This is the twenty-third volume in the Research and Development series. The Application Stream papers are published as a companion volume under the title ApplicationsandInnovations inIntelligentSystemsXIV. Onbehalfofthe conference organisingcommittee Ishouldlike tothankallthose who contributed to the organisation ofthis year's technical programme, in particular the programme committee members, the executive programme committee and our administratorMarkFirman. MaxBramer TechnicalProgrammeChair,AI-2006 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AI-2006 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Dr.AndrewTuson, (ConferenceChair) CityUniversity Dr.TonyAllen, (PastConferenceChairandDeputy NottinghamTrentUniversity ApplicationProgramChair) Dr. AlunPreece, (DeputyConferenceChair, UniversityofAberdeen ElectronicServices) DrFransCoenen, (DeputyConferenceChair, Local UniversityofLiverpool ArrangementsandDeputyTechnical ProgrammeChair) Prof. AdrianHopgood, (WorkshopOrganiser) NottinghamTrentUniversity RosemaryGilligan (Treasurer) UniversityofHertfordshire DrNirmalieWiratunga, (PosterSessionOrganiser) TheRobertGordonUniversity, Aberdeen RichardEllis, (ApplicationProgrammeChair) StratumManagementLtd ProfessorMaxBramer, (TechnicalProgrammeChair) UniversityofPortsmouth AliceKerly (ResearchStudentLiaison) UniversityofBirmingham Dr. MiltosPetridis (UKCBROrganiser) UniversityofGreenwich MarkFirman (ConferenceAdministrator) CityUniversity TECHNICAL EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Prof. MaxBramer,UniversityofPortsmouth(Chair) Dr. FransCoenen,UniversityofLiverpool(Vice-Chair) Mr. JohnKingston, UniversityofEdinburgh Dr. PeterLucas, UniversityofNijmegen, TheNetherlands Dr. AlunPreece, UniversityofAberdeen Dr. NirmalieWiratunga,TheRobertGordon University, Aberdeen VII VIII TECHNICAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE AliaAbdelmoty(CardiffUniversity) AnneliEdman(UniversityofUpsala) AndreasAAlbrecht(Universityof AdrianaGiret(UniversidadPolitecnica Hertfordshire) de Valencia) TonyAllen(NottinghamTrent MarcoAntonioGomez-Martin University) (UniversityConmplutenseofMadrid) SomayaA. S. Almaadeed(Qatar NadimHaque(Universityof University) Southampton) RomanBelavkin(MiddlesexUniversity) SyedZahidHassan(CentralQueensland University, Australia) YaxinBi(UniversityofUlster) AdrianHopgood(TheNottinghamTrent MaxBramer(UniversityofPortsmouth) University) KrysiaBroda(ImperialCollege, PiotrJedrzejowicz(GdyniaMaritime UniversityofLondon) University;Poland) KenBrown(UniversityCollegeCork) RasaJurgelenaite(RadboudUniversity, TheNetherlands) FransCoenen(UniversityofLiverpool) RayKemp (MasseyUniversity,New ErnestoCompatangelo(Universityof Zealand) Aberdeen) JohnKingston(UniversityofEdinburgh) BrunoCremilleux(UniversityofCaen) KonstantinosKotis(Universityofthe MadalinaCroitoru(Universityof Aegean) Aberdeen,Scotland) IvanKoychev(BulgarianAcademyof IreneuszCzarnowski(GdyniaMaritime Science) University,Poland) T.K. SatishKumar(Universityof MarinaDeVos(UniversityofBath) California,Berkeley) JohnDebenham(Universityof PeterLucas(UniversityofNijmegen) Technology; Sydney) DanielMamiqueGarno(Universityof StefanDiaconescu(Softwin) Madrid) BelenDiaz-Agudo(University RaphaelMaree(UniversityofLiege; ComplutenseofMadrid) Belgium) NicolasDurand(UniversityofCaen) IX AlfonsasMisevicius(KaunasUniversity EvgueniSrnirnov(Maastricht ofTechnology) University,TheNetherlands) Emma-ClaireMullally(National Fernando SaenzPerez(Universidad UniversityofIreland) ComplutensedeMadrid) DavidMuse(UniversityofSunderland) FadiThabtah(Universityof Huddersfield) LarsNolle(NottinghamTrent University) JonTimrnis(UniversityofYork) TomasEricNordlander(University GianlucaTorta(UniversitildiTorino) CollegeCork) AndrewTuson(CityUniversity) DanO'Leary(UniversityofSouthern California) M.R.C. vanDongen(UniversityCollege Cork) BarryO'Sullivan(UniversityCollege Cork) MarcelvanGerven(Radboud University,TheNetherlands) AlunPreece(UniversityofAberdeen) GrahamWinstanley(Universityof JuanJoseRodriguez(Universityof Brighton) Burgos) NirrnalieWiratunga(RobertGordon MariaDoloresRodriguez-Moreno University) (UniversidaddeAlcala) FeiLingWoon(Universityof MiguelA. Salido(Universidad Greenwich PolitecnicadeValencia) RainerSchmidt(UniversityofRostock, Germany) CONTENTS BESTTECHNICALPAPER CombiningTaskExecutionandBackgroundKnowledgefortheVerificationof MedicalGuidelines(x) ArjenHommersom, PerryGroot, PeterLucas(UniversityofNijmegen, The Netherlands), MichaelBalserandJonathan Schmitt(UniversityofAugsburg, Germany) 3 SESSION1:AITECHNIQUES(GAs,BIO-MOTIVATEDCOMPUTING ANDBAYES) ADiscreteParticleSwannOptimizationAlgorithmforthePermutation FlowshopSequencingProblemwithMakespanCriterion Quan-KePan (Liaocheng University,China), MFatih Tasgetiren (Fatih University, Turkey), Yun-ChiaLiang(YuanZe University, Taiwan) 19 IntializationMethodforGrammar-guidedGeneticProgramming(x) MarcGarcia-Amau, DanielManrique, Juan Riosand AlfonsoRodriguez-Paton(u. PolitecnicaMadrid, Spain) 32 ImprovingtheGradientBasedSearchDirectionto EnhanceTraining EfficiencyofBackPropagationBasedNeuralNetworkAlgorithms NazriMoMNawi, MeghanaR. RansingandRajeshS. Ransing(University ofWales, UK) 45 ADecisionTree-BasedAttributeWeightingFilterforNaiveBayes(x) MarkHall(UniversityofWaikato, NewZealand).. 59 GraphicalReasoningwithBayesianNetworks IldikoFleschandPeterLucas(Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands) 71 SESSION2a: KNOWLEDGEDISCOVERYINDATA RankedMulti-labelRulesAssociativeClassifier Fadi Thabtah (UniversityofHuddersfield, UK) 87 TwoDifferentApproachestoAutomatedMarkUpofEmotionsinText VirginiaFrancisco, Raquel HervasandPablo Gervas(Universidad ComplutensedeMadrid, Spain) 101 XI XII TowardsaFrameworkforChangeDetectioninDataSets MirkoB6tthcer, DellefNauck, DymitrRutaandMartin Spot!(British Telecom)........ 115 IncrementalInductiveLearninginaConstructivistAgent FilipoStudzinskiPerottoandLuisOtavioAlvares(UFRGS, Brazil) 129 SESSION2b: ARGUMENTATION,DIALOGUEGAMESANDOPTIMISATION ArgumentBasedContractEnforcement NirOren, AlunPreeceandTimothy1. Norman (UniversityofAberdeen, UK) .. 145 NegotiatingIntelligently John DebenhamandSimeonSimofJ(UniversityofTechnology, Sydney, Australia) 159 AvoidingLongandFruitlessDialoguesinCritiquing DavidMcSherry(UniversityofUlster, UK)andDavid W. Aha(Naval Research Laboratory, USA) 173 LSA-basedLandscapeAnalysisforMulticastRouting MohammedS. Zahrani(UniversityofHertfordshire, UK), Martin1. Loomes (Middlesex University, UK),James A. MalcolmandAndreasA. Albrecht (UniversityofHertfordshire, UK) 187 SESSION3: KNOWLEDGEREPRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT DependentRecordTypesforDynamicContextRepresentation RichardDapoignyandPatrickBarlatier(UniversityofSavoie, France) 203 Adjustinggamedifficultylevel through FormalConceptAnalysis MarcoA. Gomez-Martin, PedroP. Gomez-Martin, PedroA. Gonzalez-Calero andBelenDiaz-Agudo(UniversidadComplutenseDeMadrid) 217 OntologyConstraintSatisfaction ProblemsusingConceptualGraphs MadalinaCroitoruandErnestoCompatangelo(UniversityofAberdeen, UK) 231 IntegratingUncertain KnowledgeinaDomainOntologyfor RoomConcept Classifications JoanaHois, KerstinSchillandJohn A. Bateman (UniversityofBremen, Germany) 245 XIII SESSION4: SEMANTICWEB UsingAI andSemanticWebTechnologiesto attackProcessComplexityin Open Systems(x) Simon Thompson, NickGiles, YangL,iHamidGhari andThucNguyen(BT) 261 ASemanticWebBlackboardSystem CraigMcKenzie, AlunPreeceandPeterGray(UniversityofAberdeen, UK) 275 Planningwith theSemanticWebbyfusing Ontologiesand PlanningDomain Definitions Marco CioffiandSimon Thompson (BT) 289 AReusableCommitmentManagementServiceusingSemanticWeb Technology(x) AlunPreece, StuartChalmersandCraigMcKenzie(UniversityofAberdeen, UK) 303 SESSION5: MODELBASEDSYSTEMSANDSIMULAnON On-LineMonitoringofPlan Execution: aDistributedApproach(x) RobertoMica/izio andPietro Torasso(Universita'di Torino, Italy) 319 Incremental FaultIsolation forDynamicProcesses GeorgeCoghill(UniversityofAberdeen, UK), Guofu Wu(Jeom Innovations, UK) 333 QualitativeApproachestoSemanticSceneModellingandRetrieval Zia UlQayyumandA.G. Cohn (SchoolofComputing, UniversityofLeeds, UK) 346 APlatformforSimulatingLanguageEvolution Carl VogelandJustin Woods(TrinityCollege Dublin) 360 SHORT PAPERS Improvingthe InterpretabilityofClassification Rulesin SparseBioinformatics Datasets JamesSmaldonandAlexA. Freitas(UniversityofKent, UK) 377 An Agent-BasedApproach toNon-DistributedandDistributedClustering IreneuszCzarnowskiandPiotrJednejowicz(Gdynia Maritime University, Poland) 382