Reportofthe FAO-WARDAWorkshoponIntegratedIrrigationAquaculture Bamako,Mali,4-7November2003 Rapportde l'AtelierdelaFAO-ADRAOsurl'intégrationdel'irrigationetl'aquaculture Bamako,Mali,4-7novembre2003 Copyrightedmaterial Coverpage: FAOphotosbyA.ContiandM.Halwart Pagedecouverture: PhotosdelaFAOparA.ContietM.Halwart Copyrightedmaterial ReportoftheFAO-WARDA WorkshoponIntegratedIrrigationAquaculture Bamako,Mali,4-7November2003 Rapportdel'AtelierdelaFAO-ADRAOsurl'intégration del'irrigationetl'aquaculture Bamako,Mali,4-7novembre2003 ORGANISATIONDESNATIONSUNIESPOURL'ALIMENTATIONETL'AGRICULTURE FOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATIONOFTHEUNITEDNATIONS Rome,2005 Copyrightedmatf ToinphietnhiidsoensiinwgfnhoaarttmiasotoniesovneermpproolndouytcehtdedpaoanrndtottohfiemtpphlreyeFsteohnoetdaetxaipnordnesAosgfiroimncauotlefrtaiunaryle OrganizationoftheUnitedNationsorofTheAfricaRiceCenter concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry, tdeerlriimtiortya,ticointyoofritasrferaonotrieorsfoirtsbaouutnhdoarritiieess.,orconcerningthe ttLlqpauaae'uutyrsOasiertna,ogroptnaatpunceeadiérlLuesrldeaisastetctotdieiialoornotenentnuusdnrtrs,eeséejsvedfuimNrslruploailenqtdrsotiuiiziioyoqèpuéunryeoseezusUsfoorniduongialeuue'ansrsAuslefpoinrcmsoutieitutqtdanreutde'seele.i'aplmadeuupluebclirliumsidqnecéauneauvetttnapeiorttlroiiionsodtpeneéeptsde,etlelamalnpe'ippoanarsgqtrériutistacdeiudnenolets-n- ISBN92-5-005271-5 Aflolrmriagthitosnrpesreordvuecdt.fRoerpreodducuacttiioonnalanodrdoitshseerminnoant-icoonmmoefrmcaitaelripaulrpinostehissairne- awpipueinrtrfotmhovhioriosrmdusaietitzdoiewntrodhinswethiptosteruohnoluoddrpuucebtceretamiainsfdsyofdsruprlirlreoyiesnosasraoeclfwdkernttiooohtrewttolhecteneohdCppeghyerierredimcfg.io,hsmRPtsmueiebhporolrnlciodsfideharuriloscnm.tgpituAMohpranpepnloocaisfocgepamseytarmitiisoeegnrnphsirttaoflShhoeiorirblnvsiditutechcereihd.ss oIrnfboyrmea-tmiaoinlDtiovcisoipoynr,iFgAhOt,OfVaioa.loerdgelleTermediCaracalla,00100Rome,Italy Tddséêprlocito'aeuirfriruptifendrstucféoceasooddtldéurdruearermouiinseraitrtsittdàeeeiessésdmoréutreneerpeéés,nsonlsdtfeuetaeFircreusAnivtusnOélrdCrdaés,rohi.ddonrequiVeieLufctiqsveéasauesddetlednru.ie,i'tovnaieSdCeàftueeseosotrlcsuervledotiemu'dpicanar'yneTutoarfàteiudnioeorctergucnmromhroselneat.amsdtOcmLigdififeeitei-oasrnisanoCscoptds.arnicieroèoaonamqrsnlmcegauaempdnelseepeldruesslaecaavu.pisnevsus0anoedbl0autnl'eu1riattêsc0cuotaett0srrtooadieiruRnseoitsroansseetmsalfipi.et’onorai.iDnfouosiodtnpIvruortpidrmiaéaseiltaasisivetloearsianêtooobtiodnnulorue,tsnee ©FAO2005 Copyrightedmaterial PREPARATIONOFTHISDOCUMENT/PRÉPARATIONDECEDOCUMENT This document has been prepared by the Technical Secretariat coordinated by MrM.Halwart(FisheryResourcesOfficer.InlandWaterResourcesandAquacultureService, FMaAnOagReommeen)t,SMesrviIc.e,BeeFrAnOaerRtosme()T,echMniscalC.OfBfriucegre.reWa(tFeirsheRreysoPulracnensi,ngDeAnvaellyospt,menFtishaenrdy DFeAvOelAoccprmae)n,tanPdlaMnrniPn.gKSieerpveic(eI,nlaFnAdOValRloemye)Co,nsMorrtJi.umMoSecihelnti(fRiecgiCooonradlinAaqtuoarc,uWltAuRrDeA)Of.ficer, CedocumentaétépréparéparleSecrétariattechniquecoordonnéparM.M,Halwart (lrpMl'Se.aapsnqésJiuc.ofaiuiMcarculoaclietetsihsutolr,ene,dm(deiFFessoAsnercOetepisnRêosocnovhmnuaeaerlsi)ecr,u,eersMSerhetméargleaviiimoecunIé.etanilBaqedugeceeerhsmna,aerlaeSgnreétrtp,vsldaieFn(ciFeAfoliOnd’ccaeatqtRsuiioaoormcnneuensl)adtsi,uuorrueMer,ldtcléeeevFcsehAClnd.OioeqpBsupAreceeu,cmagreueSanxre)tre,.ivni(etActFéneraAiMdleO.yeussrPte.ReseoaKedmiuteeex)dpl,e-ea (CoordonnateurscientifiqueduConsortiumdesbas-fonds,ADRAO). FAO/WARDA. ReportoftheFAO-WARDAWorkshoponIntegratedIrrigationAquaculture. Bamako,Mali,4-7November2003. Rapportdel’AtelierdelaFAO-ADRAOsurl'intégrationdel'irrigationetl'aquaculture. Bamako,Mali,4-7novembre2003. Rome,FAO.2005.44p. ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ AWorkshoponIntegratedIrrigationAquaculturewasconvenedbyFAOandWARDAfrom 4to7November2003inBamako,Mali.TheWorkshopwasattendedbyparticipantsfrom ninecountries(Benin,BurkinaFaso,Côted’Ivoire,Ghana,Mali,Niger,Nigeria,Senegaland Chad)aswellasresourcepersonsfromvariousprojects,universities,andresearchcenters. Tirhreigamtaioinnaoqbujaecctuilvteusrewearcetiv(ii)titeosrienvitehwethWeescutrrAefnrticaacnhiseuvbe-rmeegnitosn,an(dii)cotonstdreavienltospofainctoegmrmatoend faporpropdmreoovtaeiclohonpaionfndgIIsiAnh.taeIrtgerwdaatmsedetcahoqonudcaolcluuodlgetiduerstehaafctotritvIhiIetAi,epsaa,rntpdiacri(tipiiaic)tuitlnoagrelcyloaiubnnotirrraritieegsatnheadativsoeynassltiegsnmtisrfaidtcoeagnmitienspaottfoeerndttibhayel riceproduction.Thisdocumentsummarizesthepreparation,conductandrecommended follow-upoftheworkshop. aUun7atenlioevresmubrrle'I2nt0é0gr3atsioonusdel’lé’girirdiegatdieonleatFdeAOl'aeqtuadceultlu'rAeDRs'AeOs.ttLe'nautelàieBraamarkaos,seMmalbil,éddues4 participantsvenantdeneufpays(Bénin,BurkinaFaso,Côted'ivoire,Ghana,Mali,Niger, Nigeria,SénégaletTchad)ainsiquedesspécialistesvenantdeprojetsvariés,d'universités etdecentresderecherche.Lesobjectifsprincipauxdel'atelierétaient(i)d’analyserl'état desactivitésd’aquacultureintégréeàl’irrigationenAfriquedel'Ouest(résultatsobtenuset c(ldi'oéiiinvr)tredril'gaaoéitnlpitaopenbe.sor)r,eIlrd(eiaisd)edésaetcétsidvtécirvotaeéntslcéolgipuiepnsetqérugneraeétteilspoeansradlt’peiarsgareyirsgpaotuuipnoranertliaeactpipppdrar’onoatcmqshouetaaicveuoatlnitedudnretees,mulené'natqhvuoapaadscrtuetlesitcuucprloeiotemernimtnuditneaélegnrssép,eolueeàrst pcoénrdiumièttereestisruirviigurésecdoommmianénsdépadrella'atperloiedru.ctionderiz.Cedocumentanalyselapréparation, III CONTENTS 7431..OTSAFHPDIFEOFNPWITmOINnROGKNNOSFOHOFTFOHTPCEHHFSAEATSRGSPFIFNORDNSAONS 1111 4.1Introductionandoverview 1 4.2Partners'reports 3 5.SPECIALSESSION:RICE-FISHSYSTEMS 5 5.1Workinqqroups 6 6FTFIDTRIP 2 7.CONCIUSIONSANDRFCOMMFNDATIONS 7 TABLEDESMATIERES 3?1..OAFIDUFOVCPFTTRIITOOUNNRFDDFFDSFLP'1ROAFRSÇDIFRDÇFÇFIDNLOTJSNlOLJR 999 4ATELIER 9 4.1Introductionetprésentation 9 4.2Rapportsdespartiesprenantes li 5.SFSSIONSPÉCIALF:SYSTFMFSDFRI7IPISCICUITURF là 67..5VC.IO1SNIGCTrLFoUuSpSUeIRsONd1SeFtTFrFTaRvaRRiEAlICNOMMANDATIONS 11lf55i APPENPIXES/ANNEXES 21..LDMiiasstdcooafumrpesardNteoiucLriap,anRàteslp/'rLoéiussvteeenrttduaernsetedpaedretli'alcatieplFaiAnetrOsauMali, 2128 3.DiscoursduReprésentantduMinistredel’aqriculture, del'élevaqeetdelapêcheauMali,M.Maïqa 24 4.Aoenda/Ordredujour 25 5.Prospectus 29 6.Responsestoquestionnaire 34 7.Constraintsandrecommendationsbvkevenvironment/Contrainteset recommandationspartvoed’environnement 35 8.ConceptualizationofNationalplans 41 V Copyrightedmaterial 1.OPENINGOFTHESESSION TheFAO-WARDAWorkshoponIntegratedIrrigationAquaculturewasheldinBamako, Mali, from 4 to 7 November 2003. The Workshop was attended by 33 country participantsfromninecountries(Benin,BurkinaFaso,Côted'Ivoire,Ghana,Mali,Niger, Nigeria,SenegalandChad),sevenResourcePersonsfromtheInlandValleyConsortium, theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization’sInstituteforWater Education (UNESCO-IHE), the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management(WorldFishCenter),l'Associationpiscicultureetdéveloppementruralen Afrique tropicale humide (APDRA), the Department for International Development (DFID), the Wageningen University Research Center (WUR), and the Sustainable FisheriesLivelihoodsProgramme(SFLP),TechnicalSecretariat(five)andsupportstaff (five).TheListofParticipantsisgivenasAppendix1tothisReport. TheWorkshopwasopenedbyMrBernardMaiga,TechnicalAdvisoroftheMinistryof AnMDgirarrmieKcecuotluootrafu-rmtGeéhe,eneMLrGiiaéovlzveaseontrf,oncFmWkAeAOna,RntDdMoArfFiJRMsaeahlcpeirqr.euiseeMessmntwDeaihtoouMifva,ewrieaaalndmcddorMmtehaesehsdeaDdtmihrateethcetpNoaWorruo-triGr,cekinspFeharAnoaOtlpsRoitenfoptWrhBeAesaRemDnnaAtaka,mtoeiMviroenfKatt.nhhFdee. Nwanze,respectively,anddrewattentiontothegreatimportanceofthemultipleuseof limitedwaterresourcesandthedevelopmentofintegratedapproachesforIrrigationand Aagqruiaccuullttuurer,efLoirvetshteocWkesatndAfrFiicsahnerRieegsioann.dThFeAOfulMlatliextisofretphreosdtuacteedmeinntAspbpyentdhiexMi2niastnrdyo3,f respectively. MrM. Halwart(FisheryResourcesOfficer,InlandWaterResourcesandAquaculture Service,FAOHQ)welcomedtheparticipantsonbehalfoftheTechnicalSecretariatofthe WOafnofdrickeMsrha,onFpaAgOaenmAdecncirtnat)Sr,eordMvusicceeId.,BtFehAeerOnoatHehQre)tr,sfMo(uTsercChm.neimcBbarleurgOesfr:feiceM(rrF,iJsW.haetMreoyrehPRlleasn(noRiuenrggcieosAn,naallDyAesqvtue,alcoFuiplsmtheuenrrtey DevelopmentPlanningService,FAOHQ)andMrP.Klepe(InlandValleyConsortium ScientificCoordinator,WARDA). 2.SELECTIONOFCHAIRPERSONS MrA.Bamba(Mali)andMrT.Bousso(Senegal)wereproposedandunanimouslyelected asChairpersonsfortheWorkshop. 3.ADOPTIONOFTHEAGENDA TheAgendawhichappearsinAppendix4wasadopted. 4.THEWORKSHOP 4.1Introductionandoverview InthefirstpresentationMrM.Halwartintroducedthesubjectanddrewattentiontothe factthatintegratedirrigationandaquaculture(IIA)isastrategytoachieveagricultural productivityfromeverydropofwaterwhileimprovingthefinancialsustainabilityof investmentsinirrigation. Adopting integrated irrigationandaquacultureaspartof IntegratedInlandWaterResourcesManagementprogrammeswillcontributetoimproved foodsecurityindrought-proneWestAfricancountries.Inthisvein,theobjectivesofthe Wirorrigkasthioonpaqwuearceulttoure(i)acrtievviiteiwestihnethceurWreesnttAafcrhiiceanvesmuebn-trsegiaonnd,c(ioi)nsttoradienvtesloopfaincteogmrmatoend approachandsharedmethodologiesforIIA,and(iii)toelaborateconceptsofnational strategiesforthepromotionofIIA(Appendix5).Alloftheparticipatingcountrieshad respondedtoapreviouslycirculatedquestionnaireandmosthadreportedon-goingIIA 1 Copyrightedmaterial activitiessuchascagecultureinreservoirs,cagecultureincanals,fishfarmingincanals, pondfishcultureandrice-fishfarming(Appendix6A-B). MrP.Kiepeprovidedadefinitionofwetlandsandstressedthedifferencebetweena wetlandasanecosystemandinlandvalleybottomsasproductionsystems.Heshowed thedifferentclassificationsystemsavailabletorefertotheirspecificusage.Wetlandsare definedasareasthatarepartlyorcompletelyinundatedforsomeorallofthetimeand trriovpeircfalloowdeptllaainndssancdaninbleancdlavsaslilfeiyesd).inItnolafnodurvamlalieynsgrreopurpesse(nctoa3s6ta%lpolfaitnost,alianlraenadcboavseirnesd, bywetlandsinsub-SaharaAfrica;theyaretheupperreachesofriversystems,inwhich alluvial sedimentation processes are almost or completely absent. In addition, MrP.Kiepepointedoutthatthereisalsoalocalclassificationofwetlandsandthatlocal names can provide importantand unexpected information in site-specificstudies. However,atthesametimehewarnedaboutthedangeroferroneoustranslationoflocal names.Onelocalnamemayencompassseveraldifferentwetlandtypesasweknow them.Bearingthisinmind,localclassificationprovidesavaluabletoolindescribingIIA locations. With particular regard to IIA in WestAfrica, three key environments encompassthemajorityofIIAsystems:(1)irrigatedsystems,(2)floodplainsand(3) inlandvalleybottoms. iMnrteMg.ratHiaolnwaorftiarnridgaMtisonI.anBdeeamqauearctusltujorien.tlyMsouBtelienrendaetrhtesmparionpocsoendceaptpuraolfilaespoefctpsotoefnttihael irrigationschemesforintegration basedonAquastat, theFAO'sglobal information systemofwaterandagriculture.ShestressedtheImportancetoconsiderbothspatial integrationandtemporal Integration, lookingatnicheopportunitiesforaquaculture developmentineachcomponentoftheirrigationnetworkandensuringintegrationfrom conceptionandplanningphasesoftheprojectcycle.Inaddition,shementionedthatthe integrationofaquacultureintotheirrigationschemesincreasesthevalueofwaterand hMerncMe.,HaitlwmaratynoptreodvidtheatanfisihnfcaenrtmiivnegfhoarsnbeeceensssahroywnIntvoesbtemeanvtiatboleasveopiadrawtaeteerntelropsrsiess.e inindividualcomponentsoftheirrigationsystembutexamplesoffishfarmingintegrated intoseveralcomponents are rare to find - which possibly reflects the focus of developmentactivitiesonsinglecomponentsratherthanthewholesystem.Yet,the compartmentalizationofirrigationsystemsiskeyforhighfishproductivityascertain constraintscanbealleviatedorevencompletelyremoved. aMcstivIi.tieBseerbneafeorrtesdaenvdeloMprinJg.nMoeewhlonheisg.hliTgohotedofttehne,IpmrpoojretcatnscehatvoeassismepslsyexaidsotpintgedIIaA participatory rural appraisal approach to plan and justify new activities without identifying local practices, assessingtheirImpactsand buildupon lessonslearned. Identificationanduseofkeysocial,economicalandenvironmentalindicatorsaretoplay animportantroletoassessexistingsystemsandmonitorchanges.Agroupdiscussion reviewedsomeofthemorerecentstudiesonIIAinWestAfricaandunderscored commondenominatorsaffectingIIAdevelopmentacrossthesub-region. Ms C. Brugere highlighted the importance of economic analysis in technological development.Principlesandmethodsof"first-aideconomics"werepresentedtoallow non-economists to monitor economic performance of Integrated Irrigation and aquaculturesystems.Emphasiswasplacedonthedistinctionbetweenfarmer'sand economist'sperspectiveswhenperformingeconomicanalyses.Typesofcostsandreturns wereillustratedinthecontextofintegratedirrigationaquacultureoperationsandthe calculationofeconomicIndicatorstoassesstheperformanceofanIIAactivitywas explained. Amethod forplanning data collectionwas presented. The inclusion or exclusionofhouseholdlabourinthecalculationofeconomicratioswasunderlinedas criticalinresultsinterpretationandthedistinctionbetweenfarmersandeconomists' perspectives. 2 Copyrightedmaterial TwahteerAscioanntreolxpweraisenpcreesoefntfeisdhbpyroMdrucJt.ioGnowiinnlgar(gUen-isvcearlseitiyrroifgaNtieowncassytsltee)mswhporonvoitdiendgtfhualtl despiteaquaculturepotentiallybeingoneofthemultipleusesofwater,theopportunities faotrt,enatnidoncosnostfarra.inTthsetoaitmheisinttoegidreanttiiofnyoffavfiosuhrawbiltehinsitiersriwgahteironestyhseteenmvsihraovnemernetceisivseuditlaibttllee foraquacultureanditsintroductionwillnothaveanyadverseimpactontheintegrityof theirrigationsystemoronotherwaterusers.Althoughsystemsareequippedforfull watercontrol,aquacultureposesafargreaterchallengetosystemmanagersthan Irrigationinthatcontinuityofsupplymustbeguaranteedforthedurationofthefish tgworaotrweeirpnrgteessmeepnaetsroaant.puorItteenistaincadolnlycwlamutdoeerrdeqtufhaaalvtiotauyrnayabslsetwoenrlialcgheaessiwtahegerwnoi-tcchhionemmptihaceraelidrrciotgonattaaionmnyinsacyatsnitaoelnmsmiIstaeyl,ikyebelety tcmhoanensrtaerfgaoeirnmeienrnge.tquiirFneusrtcitathureterifmounlosrceoI,snsgiredeneperrraeatslielonyntaiptnoiooorrn.deWroafttoenrponr-roiimgrohrttisge,atmiauoclncteispwslaet-aeunrsdecmuhsaaenrragsignegimneinsltsouceaoslf irrigationinfrastructure.SuchsocialandinstitutionalconstraintstoIIAdevelopmentwere analysedbyparticipantsinworkinggroupandplenarysessionstoelaboratecommon problemswhichcouldbeaddressedatsupra-nationallevelaswellasveryspecificissues whichmustbeaddressedatthelocalechelons. 4.2Partners'reports MrP.KiepeintroducedWARDA,theAfricaRiceCentre,whichrepresentsaninternational agricultural research centreaswell asanautonomous intergovernmental research aisnscorceiaasteidonproofducAtfirviictayn,meeffmibcieerncystaatneds.prHoefitaibnidliictayteodftthhaetrtioceacsehciteovre,iWtsARobDjAectfiovseterosf partnershipsthroughnetworking(threemajornetworksaretheAfricanRiceInitiative, theRegionalRiceResearchandDevelopmentNetworkforWestandCentralAfricaand theInlandValleyConsortium(IVC)).HehighlightedthatthemissionoftheIVCwhich waslaunchedin1993,Istodevelopknowledge,technologiesandoperational-support systemsforintensifiedbutsustainableuseofinlandvalleysinSub-SaharanAfrica,using anagro-ecologicalapproach.Duringthesecondphase(2000-2004),mainactivitieswill includecharacterizationofinland-valleylandusedynamicsaswellasdevelopment, evaluationanddisseminationoftechnologies. wInetlhiasndpsr,esMerntAa.tvioannoDnamUNnEoSteCdO-tIhaHtEweatnldanIdnsteagrreatiemdpoprtoanndtafqoruatchueltluirveeliihnooLdaskoefVmiicltloiroinas ofpeople.Theyprovidefoodandincome,supportbiodiversityandformahydrological andecologicalbufferbetweenuplandareasandwaterbodies.Populationgrowthandthe associatedenvironmentaldegradationexertincreasingpressureonwetlands.Anexample IstheLakeVictoriaregioninEastAfrica,wherehumanpopulationgrowth,introductionof exoticfishspecies,overfishingandeutrophicationhaveledtoadeteriorationofthe wetlandresources.Fortheripariancommunities,thismeansathreattotheirlivelihoods astheydependonthewetlandforfoodandincomefromfishing,seasonalagriculture andharvestingofwetlandproducts.Thereisaneedforintegratedfoodproductionand wasteprocessingtechnologiesthatenablecommunitiestosecuretheirlivelihoodwithout ewentdlaanngderpinogndthaequaIcntuelgtruirtey,ofort"hfeinngaetruproanldsr"e.soPuorncedss.aOrenedusgucfhrotmecthhneolloagnydwiasridnteedggraeteodf wetlandsandextendlikefingersintotheswamp(hencetheterm"fingerponds").Soil fromthepondsisheapedbetweenthepondstoformraisedbedsforcropcultivation.The pondsarestockedwithfishthroughnaturalfloodingintherainyseason.Asthewaters recede,thetrappedfishareculturedusingmanure,cropandhouseholdwastesto fKeerntiylai,zeCtzheechpoRnedpusblaincdanfededUKthaereficsuhr.reUnNtlEySCiOnv-oIlHveEdainndthpearEtUn-efrusndiendTaInNzCaOn-iaD,EVUgpraonjdeac,t toinvestigatethefeasibilityofthistechnology. Researchfocusesonthetechnical aspects,andonthesocio-economicandenvironmentalimpactsofthistechnology.Also, optionsforintegratingfingerpondswithotherwetlandtechnology,suchastheuseof naturalorconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatment,needtobeevaluated.Initial 3 resultsoftheresearchfromKenyaandUgandashowthatfloodingcanyieldenoughfish forstockingthepondsandthatmanuringofthepondscanincreasetheirproductivity. TheWorldFishCenter(formerlyknownasICLARM—theInternationalCenterforLiving AquaticResourcesManagement)anditsrelevanceforIIAwerepresentedbyMrM.Prein. TheCenterwasestablishedin1977andsincethemid1980sconductedresearchonrice- fishsystemsinseasonalfloodplainsandirrigationareas.Theseareanessentialpartof integratedagriculture-aquaculture(IAA),and morespecifically, integratedirrigation- aquaculture(IIA)farmingsystems.Mostoftherice-fishsystemsstudiedwerelocatedIn aBraenagsladwietshh,soPmhielifppoirnmes,ofMiarlraigwait)i,on,toranlgairngge-sfcraolmelsoccahlemaensdsomfalvlarsycianlge(mea.gn.agsietmesenitn arrangements(e.g.Philippines,VietNam,Ghana),mostlyinAsia,andafewinAfrica.In arlelquciarseeds,extihsetinigncwlaustieornmoafnaagreimcee-nfitshfacciullittuireseaancdtiveixtpyeriinteonctehe(inexfiosrtmingoffraircemicnugltusryes)teomn thesideoftheadoptingfarmers.Thisprovedtobeoneoftheoptionsrequiringthe lowest levelofinvestment, knowledgeand change inexisting farming operations. Economic benefitsfrom rice-fish culture in irrigation schemes proved tooften be comparableorevenhigherthanthereturnsfromriceculturealone.Intermsofwater useefficiency,thecombinationoffishrearingwithirrigatedcropping,oreventheswitch tofishcultivationfromcropfarming,providesopportunitiesforgreaterefficiencyand economicreturns.Givenexistinginvestmentsinirrigationinfrastructureandexpected trendstowardsreducedwateravailability,opportunitiestoproducenutritionallyand economicallyhigh-valuefish(andotheraquaticfoods)fromwatermanagementregimes shouldbeseizedtoamuchgreaterextent.Anexampleforanequitableandsustainable managementofseasonalwaterbodiesforfishcultureisthecommunity-basedapproach asrecentlytestedinBangladeshandVietNam,whichistobeexpandedandfurther introducedtocountriesinotherriverbasins(Niger)inthenearfuture. MrR.BosmaintroducedtheWageningenUniversityandResearchCenterwhichconsists oftheUniversity,theDutchAgriculturalResearchInstitutes,Laboratories,andCenters andtheInternationalAgriculturalCenter.Thislastinstituteincludesthenewly-created tNEhdoeurctSahot-uiStoohnu.tFhOunnCedeno(tfIeNrtRhEteFha)Ntowrphtrihoc-mhSooteuentschocCmoeplnaltsaebsro'erssata6icotnirvewistieitaehsrcpihsartpthrneoergIrnItanemsrtmdiietsusctiepwsliitanhnardaybnoReuettsweo5ar0rkcsPhhi&Dn projects.AtpresentWageningenURhascontactsinWestAfricathroughthreebilateral trheeseWarAcRh/DeAducIantliaonndpVraoljleecytsPraonjedctt.hrMeoesctolilnatbeorreasttiivnegrfeosreatrhcehInAeAtwpoarrktsn;erosnearoeftthheeIlaNsRtEiFs projects"ConvergenceofScience",activeinGhanaandBeninandPOND,thatstarts researchinCameroonin2004.TheINREF-PONDproject,infull'ProgramforOptimisation ofNutrientDynamics',intendstocontributetothedevelopmentofmoresustainable integratedlivestock-fish-cropfarmingsystemsinordertoimprovefarmhousehold livelihoodandwell-being.ThepresentpartnersinthisprogramareCanThoUniversity, VietNam,andtheWorldFishCentre. Withthesustainablelivelihoodsapproach(SLA)andtheCodeofConductforResponsible Fisheries (CCRF) astools, the Sustainable FisheriesLivelihoods Programme (SFLP) stressesthe participation ofthe people with a viewtoensuringthe holisticand sustainabledevelopmentthatwillfavourstrategic,technicalandfinancialpartnership.Mr J.C.NjockpointedoutactivitiesoftheProgrammethatcouldhaveadirectlinkto IntegratedIrrigationandAquaculture,suchasthoseconductedaspartofpovertyprofile studiesandonthedevelopmentofastrategyforthefisheriesenhancement.Thepoverty profilestudieswereconductedaspartofapilotprojectonfisheriesco-managementin inlandwaterswithinthefisheriescommunitiesalongtheBagréandKompiengadamsin BurkinaFaso,LakeKossouInCôted'Ivoire,LakeVoltainGhanaandtheSélingué reservoirinMali-allareaswherebothfisheriesandirrigationagriculturearepractised. Therearevastareasthatcouldoffertheriverinecommunitiestheopportunityto diversifytheirlivelihoodsthroughtheintegrationofaquacultureandirrigation.Bylinking theseprofilestostrategiesforthedevelopmentofenhancedfisheries,itappearsthat 4