richard p. billingham pb ei l t kathleen c. kobashi l e i r n s william a. peters iii g h a m EDITORS • k o b a Reoperative s h i Pelvic R Surgery e o p e r a t i v e P e l v i c S u r g e r y Reoperative Pelvic Surgery Reoperative Pelvic Surgery Edited By RichardP. Billingham, MD Director,ColonandRectalSurgery,SwedishCancerInstitute;ClinicalProfessor,Departmentof Surgery,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,USA Kathleen C.Kobashi,MD Head,DepartmentofUrologyandRenalTransplantation,VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter,Seattle, WA,USA William A.Peters III, MD PacificGynecologySpecialists,ClinicalProfessorofObstetricsandGynecology,Universityof Washington,Seattle,WA,USA 1 3 Editors RichardP.Billingham KathleenC.Kobashi ColonandRectalSurgery DepartmentofUrologyandRenal SwedishCancerInstitute Transplantation and VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter DepartmentofSurgery SeattleWA98101 UniversityofWashington USA SeattleWA98104 USA WilliamA.PetersIII DepartmentofObstetricsand Gynecology UniversityofWashington PacificGynecologySpecialists SeattleWA98104 USA ISBN978-0-387-89998-5 e-ISBN978-0-387-89999-2 DOI10.1007/b14187 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009921352 #SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2009 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher (SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwith reviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computer software,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Theimpetusforthisbookcamefromtherecentappearanceofsinglespecialtybookspertainingto reoperative surgery on various organs in the pelvis, as well as from the recognition that several differentdisciplinesareinvolvedwiththechallengesofreoperativepelvicsurgery.Surgeonsoften encounterchallengingdilemmasinvolvingorgansystemsthathavehistoricallybeenattendedtoby surgeonsrepresentingcloselyrelatedbutdistinctspecialtyareas.Withincreasingsophisticationand knowledge about management of anatomically adjacent organs by the specialties of gynecologic oncology,gynecology,urology,andcolonandrectalsurgery,aswellastheemergenceofspecialty trainingprogramsinurogynecologyandpelvicfloordisorders,wethoughtitappropriateandtimely tocreateatextbookacknowledgingthisincreasingknowledgeandinterspecialtycollaboration.To thisend,whereappropriate,wehaveincludedcollaborativeauthorsfromeachofthespecialties,any ofwhommaybecalledupontoaddressaparticularanatomicarea.Itseemsinevitablethatsituations willariseinwhichthecollaborativeexpertiseofseveralseparatespecialtiesmayconvergetoprovide surgeons the benefit of the combined thought processes that would prove invaluable when such difficultproblemsareencountered. Withthisinmind,theeditors,fromthefieldsofgynecologiconcology,urology,andcolonand rectalsurgery,identifiedexpertsintheirownfieldswhocouldbestcontributetothemanagementof specific problem areas. For example, since reoperations for endometriosis may involve uterus, adnexae,ovaries,orthecolorectum,thechapterconcerningthisconditionhasbeencoauthoredby specialistsincolorectalsurgeryandgynecologiconcology. Wehavebeenfortunatetofindexpertswhohavecollaboratedtobringavailableevidence-based medicine, best demonstrated practices, and personal experience to their contributions. We are particularlyindebtedtoDr.VictorFazio,whohasgivenusanexcellentoverviewoftheprinciples ofreoperativesurgery,whicharewellworthreadingcarefullyatanylevelofthereader’seducation. We would also like to thank Dr. William Curtis, Annie Cimino, Paula Callaghan, and Margaret Burns,ofSpringer,fortheirinterestinandhardworkorganizingandeditingthismilestoneproject. RichardP.Billingham,MD KathleenKobashi,MD WilliamA.Peters,III v Contents Preface ......................................................................... v Contributors .................................................................... ix 1 IntroductionandOverview:PrinciplesofReoperativePelvicSurgery.................. 1 VictorW.Fazio 2 ReoperationsWithintheFirst30DaysAfterPelvicSurgery.......................... 5 JefferyNelson 3 ReoperationandManagementofPostoperativePelvicHemorrhageandCoagulopathy ... 15 JenniferL.Young,JasonA.Lachance,LaurelW.Rice,andEugeneF.Foley 4 ReoperativeConsiderationsAfterLaparoscopicPelvicSurgery ....................... 23 MarcoJ.TomassiandDeborahNagle 5 LaparoscopicReoperativeSurgeryforIncompletelyStagedGynecologicMalignancies.... 31 DanS.Veljovich 6 ReoperationforEndometriosisandOvarianRemnants.............................. 43 NeilS.HorowitzandH.RandolphBailey 7 PelvicExenterationforRecurrentPelvicCancer................................... 49 PamelaPaleyandChiragShah 8 ReoperationforBladderCancer ................................................. 61 RouWang,NinaCasanova,andCherylT.Lee 9 ReoperativeSurgeryforProstateCancer.......................................... 81 ChristopherAmlingandDouglassClayton 10 IntroductiontoReoperativePelvicSurgeryforRectalCancer ........................ 93 JuanL.PoggioandW.DouglasWong 11 RecurrentPelvicOrganProlapse................................................ 113 TristiWoodMuir 12 RecurrentRectalProlapse...................................................... 145 HarryT.Papaconstantinou 13 SuburethralSlingFailuresandComplications..................................... 153 JoannaM.TogamiandJ.ChristianWinters vii viii CONTENTS 14 ReoperativeSurgeryforAnalIncontinence........................................ 165 ChristinaJ.Seo,StevenD.Wexner,andG.WillyDavila 15 GastrointestinalFistulas....................................................... 179 HerandAbcarianandVivekChaudhry 16 UrogenitalFistulas ........................................................... 199 DavidE.RappandKathleenC.Kobashi 17 ComplicationsofUrinaryDiversion............................................. 213 ChristopherPorterandGregHanson 18 ComplicationsofTransurethralSurgery.......................................... 223 RajivSainiandStevenA.Kaplan 19 ReoperativeManagementofFissureandHemorrhoids.............................. 231 MartinLuchtefeldandMichaelOtt 20 ReoperativeSurgeryforInflammatoryBowelDisease............................... 243 StephenR.Gorfine 21 ComplicationsofSurgeryAfterPelvicRadiation................................... 277 EugeneK.Lee,DarrenKlish,andJeffreyHolzbeierlein 22 ReoperationforDiverticularDisease............................................. 285 MichaelJ.StamosandZuriA.Murrell 23 ReoperativeSurgeryforGastrointestinalStomalProblems .......................... 289 BruceA.OrkinandFarshidAraghizadeh 24 ReoperativePelvicSurgeryforLateBowelObstruction(After30Days) ................ 307 KatharineW.MarkellandScottR.Steele 25 ReoperationsforBleeding...................................................... 317 DavidE.Beck 26 ReoperativeSurgeryforConstipationorDysmotility............................... 329 TracyL.Hull Index........................................................................... 335 Contributors HerandAbcarian,MD TuriJosefsenProfessorofSurgery,DepartmentofSurgery,UniversityofIllinois,Chicago,IL,USA ChristopherAmling,MD ProfessorandDirector,DivisionofUrology,UniversityofAlabama,Birmingham,AL,USA FarshidAraghizadeh,MD,FACS,FASCRS Chief,SectionofColonandRectalSurgery,AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofSurgery,University ofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,Dallas,TX,USA H.RandolphBailey,MD Chief,ColonandRectalSurgery,DirectorEmeritus,ResidencyTrainingProgram/ColonandRectal Surgery,UniversityofTexasMedicalSchoolatHouston,Houston,TX,USA DavidE.Beck,MD Chairman,DepartmentofColonandRectalSurgery,OchsnerClinicFoundation,NewOrleans,LA, USA NinaCasanova,MD Resident,DepartmentofUrology,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI,USA VivekChaudhry,MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago; Instructor, DepartmentofSurgery,RushUniversityMedicalCenter,Chicago,IL,USA DouglassClayton,MD Resident,DivisionofUrology,UniversityofAlabama,Birmingham,AL,USA G.WillyDavila,MD Chairman, Department of Gynecology and Head, Section of Urogynecology and Reconstructive PelvicSurgery,ClevelandClinicFlorida,Weston,FL,USA VictorW.Fazio,AO,MB,MS,FRACS,FRACS(Hon),FACS,FRCS,FRCS(Ed) Chairman, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Rupert B. Turnbull, Jr. MD, Chair, ProfessorofSurgery,LernerSchoolofMedicineCaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,OH, USA EugeneF.Foley,MD,FACS Professor, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison,Madison,WI,USA StephenR.Gorfine,MD,FACS,FACP,FASCRS Clinical Professor of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NewYork,NY,USA ix x CONTRIBUTORS GregHanson,MD Fellow,DepartmentofUrology,VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter,Seattle,WA,USA JeffreyHolzbeierlein,MD AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofUrology,UniversityofKansasMedicalCenter,KansasCity,KS, USA NeilS.Horowitz,MD AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology;Director,ClinicalResearch,Division GynecologicOncology,HarvardUniversityMedicalSchool/BrighamandWomen’sCancerCenter, Boston,MA,USA TracyL.Hull,MD Staff Surgeon, Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH,USA StevenA.Kaplan,MD Professor, Department of Urology; Chief, Institute for Bladder and Prostate Health, Weill Medical CollegeofCornellUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA DarrenKlish,MD Resident, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Kansas, Kansas City,KS,USA KathleenC.Kobashi,MD Head,DepartmentofUrologyandRenalTransplantation,VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter,Seattle, WA,USA JasonA.Lachance,MD,MSc DepartmentofObstetrics&Gynecology,MarineMedicalCenter,Portland,ME,USA CherylT.Lee,MD AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofUrology,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI,USA EugeneK.Lee,MD Resident,DepartmentofUrology,UniversityofKansas,KansasCity,KS,USA MartinLuchtefeld,MD Chairman,DepartmentofColonandRectalSurgery,SpectrumHospital,FergusonClinic,Michigan MedicalPC,GrandRapids,MI,USA KatharineW.Markell,MD Fellow,DepartmentofColonandRectalSurgery,NorthwestColonandRectalClinic,Seattle,WA, USA TristiWoodMuir,MD Director,DivisionofFemalePelvicMedicineandReconstructiveSurgery,DepartmentofObstetrics andGynecology,UniversityofTexasMedicalBranchatGalveston,Galveston,TX,USA ZuriA.Murrell,MD StaffSurgeon,DivisionofColorectalSurgery,Cedar-SinaiMedicalCenter,LosAngeles,CA,USA DeborahNagle,MD ChiefofColorectalSurgery,DepartmentofSurgery,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter,Boston, MA,USA JefferyNelson,BS,MD Chief, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington,DC,USA CONTRIBUTORS xi BruceA.Orkin,MD ProfessorofSurgery,TuftsUniversity,Chief,DivisionofColonandRectalSurgery,TuftsMedical Center, Adjuvant Professor of Surgery, The George Washington University in Washington, DC, Boston,MA MichaelOtt,MD,MSc AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofGeneralandColorectalSurgery,UniversityofWesternOntario; DirectorofCoreSurgery,LondonHealthSciencesCenter,London,Ontario,Canada PamelaPaley,MD StaffSurgeon,PacificGynecologySpecialistsSeattle,Seattle,WA,USA HarryT.Papaconstantinou,MD Assistant Professor, Chief of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Scott and White HospitalandClinic,TexasA&MUniversitySystemHealthScienceCenter,Temple,TX,USA JuanL.Poggio,MD,MS Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter,NewYork,NY,USA ChristopherPorter,MD CodirectorofUrologicOncology,VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter,Seattle,WA,USA DavidE.Rapp,MD Fellow,DepartmentofUrology,VirginiaMasonMedicalCenter,GlenAllen,VA,USA LaurelW.Rice,MD Professor,DepartmentChairperson,SchoolofMedicineandPublicHealth,DepartmentObstetrics andGynecology,UniversityofWisconsin,Madison,WI,USA RajivSaini,MD ClinicalInstructor,DepartmentofUrology,WeillMedicalCollegeofCornellUniversity,NewYork, NY,USA ChristinaJ.Seo,MD ClinicalAssociate,DepartmentofColorectalSurgery,ClevelandClinicFlorida,Weston,FL,USA ChiragShah,MD Fellow, Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA MichaelJ.Stamos,MD,FACS Chief, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery; Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Surgery, UniversityofCaliforniaIrvineHealthSciences,Orange,CA,USA ScottR.Steele,MD,FACS Chief, Colon and Rectal Surgery; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, USUHS, Madigan ArmyMedicalCenter,Tacoma,WA,USA JoannaM.Togami,MD Staff Urologist, Section of Female Urology and Voiding Dysfunction, Department of Urology, OchsnerMedicalCenter,NewOrleans,LA,USA MarcoJ.Tomassi,MD Chief Surgical Resident, Department of General Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,MA,USA