WATER SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING Tiner • Lang • Remote Sensing of Wetlands Klemas Applications and Advances R Effectively Manage Wetland Resources Using the Best Available Remote Sensing Techniques Edited by e Utilizing top scientists in the wetland classification and mapping field, Remote Sensing of Wetlands: m Ralph W. Tiner Applications and Advances covers the rapidly changing landscape of wetlands and describes the latest advances in remote sensing that have taken place over the past 30 years for use in mapping wetlands. o Megan W. Lang Factoring in the impact of climate change, as well as a growing demand on wetlands for agriculture, t aquaculture, forestry, and development, this text considers the challenges that wetlands pose for remote e Victor V. Klemas sensing and provides a thorough introduction on the use of remotely sensed data for wetland detection. Taking advantage of the experiences of more than 50 contributing authors, the book describes a variety S of techniques for mapping and classifying wetlands in a multitude of environments ranging from e tropical to arctic wetlands including coral reefs and submerged aquatic vegetation. They discuss the n advantages and disadvantages of using different remote sensing techniques for wetland detection under s varied conditions and circumstances. They also analyze commonly available data, reveal cost-effective i methods, and offer useful insights into future trends. n Comprised of 25 chapters, this text: g • Presents methods readily applicable to real-world challenges o Remote Sensing f • Contains advanced, new techniques communicated by top scientists in the field W • Covers a diverse set of landscapes and technologies • Reviews many of the datasets and techniques that are responsible for advances in this discipline e of Wetlands and their application for wetland mapping t l • Addresses the need to effectively manage this environmental resource a n Remote Sensing of Wetlands: Applications and Advances uses a variety of contributors, touching on d pertinent topics, to help you gain a greater understanding of the latest technologies, strengths, and Applications and Advances limitations surrounding this emerging field. s K23165 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m Remote Sensing of Wetlands Applications and Advances Remote Sensing of Wetlands Applications and Advances Edited by Ralph W. Tiner Megan W. Lang Victor V. Klemas Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Cover: June 14, 2014 Landsat 8 TM image of southern Nova Scotia and the Bay of Fundy (15 meter resolution; RGB – bands 6, 2, and 1; image enhanced by Mike O’Brien, MDA Information Systems LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland). Lake Kejimkujik is the most prominent feature in the inset.  The yellow arrow points to Holdrights Lake that is shown in the ground-level photo.  Marsh, aquatic bed, and black spruce bog are the wetlands present within the lake basin. (Photo by Ralph Tiner) CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150129 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-3738-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix Editors ...............................................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xiii Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................xvii Section i i ntroduction to the Use of Remote Sensing for Wetland Mapping Chapter 1 Wetlands: An Overview ...............................................................................................3 Ralph W. Tiner Chapter 2 Classification of Wetland Types for Mapping and Large-Scale Inventories ..............19 Ralph W. Tiner Chapter 3 Introduction to Wetland Mapping and Its Challenges ...............................................43 Ralph W. Tiner Chapter 4 Early Applications of Remote Sensing for Mapping Wetlands ..................................67 Ralph W. Tiner Chapter 5 Advances in Remotely Sensed Data and Techniques for Wetland Mapping and Monitoring ...........................................................................................................79 Megan W. Lang, Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Ralph W. Tiner, and Victor V. Klemas Section ii S ummaries of Remote Sensing technologies and their Application for Mapping Wetlands Chapter 6 Mapping and Monitoring Surface Water and Wetlands with Synthetic Aperture Radar .........................................................................................................119 Brian Brisco Chapter 7 Wetland InSAR: A Review of the Technique and Applications ..............................137 Shimon Wdowinski and Sang-Hoon Hong v vi Contents Chapter 8 Radar and Optical Image Fusion and Mapping of Wetland Resources ...................155 Elijah Ramsey III and Amina Rangoonwala Chapter 9 Theory and Applications of Object-Based Image Analysis and Emerging Methods in Wetland Mapping ..................................................................................175 Joseph F. Knight, Jennifer M. Corcoran, Lian P. Rampi, and Keith C. Pelletier Chapter 10 Unmanned Aerial Systems and Structure from Motion Revolutionize Wetlands Mapping....................................................................................................195 Marguerite Madden, Thomas Jordan, Sergio Bernardes, David L. Cotten, Nancy O’Hare, and Alessandro Pasqua Section iii A pplications of Remote Sensing for Mapping Specific Wetland Habitats Chapter 11 Remote Sensing of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Coral Reefs ......................223 Sam Purkis and Chris Roelfsema Chapter 12 Remote Sensing of Mangroves .................................................................................243 Victor V. Klemas Chapter 13 Tidal Marsh Classification Approaches and Future Marsh Migration Mapping Methods for Long Island Sound, Connecticut, and New York ................................265 Mark Hoover and Adam Walton Whelchel Chapter 14 Using Moderate-Resolution Satellite Sensors for Monitoring the Biophysical Parameters and Phenology of Tidal Marshes ...........................................................283 Deepak R. Mishra and Shuvankar Ghosh Chapter 15 Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Mapping ...................................................................315 Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Zachary M. Laubach, Anthony J. Landon, Elizabeth C. Banda, Michael J. Battaglia, Sarah L. Endres, Mary Ellen Miller, Robb D. Macleod, and Colin N. Brooks Chapter 16 Mapping Wetlands and Surface Water in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America ..........................................................................................................347 Jennifer Rover and David M. Mushet Chapter 17 Mapping the State and Dynamics of Boreal Wetlands Using Synthetic Aperture Radar .........................................................................................................369 Daniel Clewley, Jane Whitcomb, Mahta Moghaddam, and Kyle McDonald Contents vii Chapter 18 Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and LiDAR Digital Terrain Derivatives for Ecosystem Mapping and Morphological Characterization of a Northern Peatland Complex .....................................................................................................399 Antonio Difebo, Murray Richardson, and Jonathan Price Chapter 19 Airborne LiDAR-Based Wetland and Permafrost-Feature Mapping on an Arctic Coastal Plain, North Slope, Alaska ...............................................................413 Jeffrey G. Paine, John R. Andrews, Kutalmis Saylam, and Thomas A. Tremblay Chapter 20 Hybrid Mapping of Pantropical Wetlands from Optical Satellite Images, Hydrology, and Geomorphology ..............................................................................435 Thomas Gumbricht Chapter 21 Capturing the Dynamics of Amazonian Wetlands Using Synthetic Aperture Radar: Lessons Learned and Future Directions ......................................................455 Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, John Melack, Annia Susin Streher, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, and Luiz Felipe de Almeida Furtado Chapter 22 Mapping China’s Wetlands and Recent Changes with Remotely Sensed Data .......473 Zhenguo Niu Chapter 23 Mapping Invasive Wetland Plants ............................................................................491 Carol A. Johnston Chapter 24 Multisatellite Remote Sensing of Global Wetland Extent and Dynamics ...............511 Catherine Prigent and Fabrice Papa Section iV Promising Developments and Future challenges Chapter 25 Promising Developments and Future Challenges for Remote Sensing of Wetlands ................................................................................................533 Megan W. Lang, Sam Purkis, Victor V. Klemas, and Ralph W. Tiner