REMOTE SENSING OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications Series Editor Qihao Weng Indiana State University Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A. Remote Sensing of Coastal Environments, edited by Yeqiao Wang Remote Sensing of Global Croplands for Food Security, edited by Prasad S. Thenkabail, John G. Lyon, Hugh Turral, and Chandashekhar M. Biradar Global Mapping of Human Settlement: Experiences, Data Sets, and Prospects, edited by Paolo Gamba and Martin Herold Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications, Marcus Borengasser, William S. Hungate, and Russell Watkins Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces, Qihao Weng Multispectral Image Analysis Using the Object-Oriented Paradigm, Kumar Navulur REMOTE SENSING OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS Edited by YEQIAO WANG Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4200-9441-1 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Coastal zone management--Remote sensing. 4. Environmental monitoring--Remote sensing. I. Wang, Yeqiao. II. Title. III. Series. QH541.15.R4R45 2010 577.5’10284--dc22 2009035957 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Series Foreword ........................................................................................................ix Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Editor .....................................................................................................................xiii Contributors .............................................................................................................xv Chapter 1 Remote Sensing of Coastal Environments: An Overview ...................1 Yeqiao Wang SECTION I: LiDAR/Radar Remote Sensing Chapter 2 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Study of Coastal Wetlands over Southeastern Louisiana .............................25 Zhong Lu and Oh-Ig Kwoun Chapter 3 Mangrove Canopy 3D Structure and Ecosystem Productivity Using Active Remote Sensing .......................................61 Marc Simard, Lola E. Fatoyinbo, and Naiara Pinto Chapter 4 Integration of LiDAR and Historical Maps to Measure Coastal Change on a Variety of Time and Spatial Scales ..................79 Cheryl J. Hapke Chapter 5 Coastal 3D Change Pattern Analysis Using LiDAR Series Data ..........103 Guoqing Zhou SECTION II: Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Chapter 6 Mapping the Onset and Progression of Marsh Dieback ...................123 Elijah Ramsey III and Amina Rangoonwala v vi Contents Chapter 7 Estimating Chlorophyll Conditions in Southern New England Coastal Waters from Hyperspectral Aircraft Remote Sensing ................................................................................151 Darryl J. Keith Chapter 8 Mapping Salt Mash Vegetation by Integrating Hyperspectral and LiDAR Remote Sensing ............................................................173 Jiansheng Yang and Francisco J. Artigas SECTION III: High Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Chapter 9 Mapping Salt Marshes in Jamaica Bay and Terrestrial Vegetation in Fire Island National Seashore Using QuickBird Satellite Data ..................................................................191 Yeqiao Wang, Mark Christiano, and Michael Traber Chapter 10 Object-Based Data Integration and Classifi cation for High-Resolution Coastal Mapping .............................................209 Jie Shan and Ejaz Hussain Chapter 11 True-Color Digital Orthophotography Data for Mapping Coastal Impervious Surface Areas ...................................................235 Yuyu Zhou and Yeqiao Wang Chapter 12 FORMOSAT-2 Images in Mapping of South Asia Tsunami Disaster ......................................................................245 Ming-Der Yang, Tung-Ching Su, and An-Ming Wu SECTION IV: Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements for Habitat Mapping Chapter 13 Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements for Delineation and Assessment of Coastal Marshes and their Constituent Species ...........................................................261 Martha S. Gilmore, Daniel L. Civco, Emily H. Wilson, Nels Barrett, Sandy Prisloe, James D. Hurd, and Cary Chadwick Contents vii Chapter 14 Quantifying Biophysical Conditions of Herbaceous Wetland Vegetation in Poyang Lake of Coastal China via Multitemporal SAR Imagery and In Situ Measurements .................281 Limin Yang, Huiyong Sang, Hui Lin, and Jinsong Chen Chapter 15 EO-1 Advanced Land Imager Data in Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping ............................................................297 Eric R. Akins, Yeqiao Wang, and Yuyu Zhou Chapter 16 Remote Sensing Applications Used to Inventory and Monitor Natural Resources in North Atlantic Coastal National Parks ..................................................................................313 Sara Stevens and Courtney Schupp SECTION V: E ffects of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change in Coastal Areas Chapter 17 Coastal Area Land-Cover Change Analysis for Connecticut .................................................................................333 James D. Hurd, Daniel L. Civco, Emily H. Wilson, and Chester L. Arnold Chapter 18 Effects of Increasing Urban Impervious Surface on Hydrology of Coastal Rhode Island Watersheds..............................355 Yuyu Zhou, Yeqiao Wang, Arthur J. Gold, and Peter V. August Chapter 19 Contemporary Land-Use/Land-Cover Change in Coastal Pearl River Delta and Its Impact on Regional Climate ....................369 Limin Yang, Wenshi Lin, Lu Zhang, Hui Lin, and Dongsheng Du Chapter 20 Geospatial Information for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Coastal East Africa ...............................................395 Yeqiao Wang, James Tobey, Amani Ngusaru, Vedast Makota, Gregory Bonynge, and Jarunee Nugranad Index ......................................................................................................................413 Series Foreword Remote sensing refers to the technology of acquiring information about the Earth’s surface (land and ocean) and atmosphere using sensors onboard airborne (aircraft and balloons) or spaceborne (satellites and space shuttles) platforms. The technology of remote sensing gradually evolved into a scientifi c subject after World War II. Its early development was mainly driven by military uses. Later, remotely sensed data became widely applied for civic usages. The range of remote sensing applications includes archeology, agriculture, cartography, civil engineering, meteorology and climatology, coastal studies, emergency response, forestry, geology, geographic information systems, hazards, land use and land cover, natural disasters, oceano- graphy, water resources, and so on. Most recently, with the advent of high spatial- resolution imagery and more capable techniques, commercial applications of remote sensing are rapidly gaining interest in the remote sensing community and beyond. The Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications is dedicated to recent developments in the theories, methods, and applications of remote sensing. Written by a team of leading authorities, each book is designed to provide up-to- date developments in a chosen subfi eld of remote sensing applications. Each book may vary in format, but often contains similar components, such as a review of theories and methods, analysis of case studies, and examination of the methods for applying remote sensing techniques to a particular practical area. These books may serve as guides or reference books for professionals, researchers, scientists, and similarly in academics, governments, and industries. College instructors and stu- dents may also fi nd them to be excellent sources for textbooks or supplementary to their chosen textbooks. A coastal environment possesses one of the most dynamic interfaces between human civilization and environmental conservation. In the United States, over half of the human population lives in coastal counties, while worldwide over 38% of the human population lives in the coastal zone. Global climate change has made the coastal zone the most challenging frontier in environmental planning and manage- ment, because many of the coastal zones face the danger of being submerged. Remote sensing is one of the most effective technologies for monitoring coastal environ- ments and for assessing their conditions. Professor Yeqiao Wang is an internationally known expert in the fi eld of remote sensing, especially in applications of this technology to coastal environments. Because of his outstanding achievements, Professor Wang was awarded the presti- gious Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) by President Clinton in 2000 and a Chang-Jiang endowed professorship by the Ministry of Education of China. In this book, Remote Sensing of Coastal Environment, Professor Wang examines three new research frontiers in coastal remote sensing, ix