Barbara Kruger Remote Control Power, Cultures, and the World of Appearances The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Page iv © 1993 Barbara Kruger All rights reserved. This book was set in Bembo by .eps Electronic Publishing Services and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Kruger, Barbara, 1945– Remote control : power, cultures, and the world of appearances / Barbara Kruger. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0262111772 1. Arts, American. 2. Arts, Modern—20th century—United States. I. Title. NX504.K77 1993 700'.973'09048—dc20 9318217 CIP Page v Contents 1 Arts and Leisures 2 Arts and Leisures 8 Quality 12 Remaking History 16 An "Unsightly" Site 20 Contempt and Adoration 25 Prick Up Your Ears 33 TV Guides 34 April 1989 38 September 1990 41 January 1986 44 September 1987 47 September 1989 50 September 1986 53 May 1986 58 Summer 1988 61 January 1987 63 January 1988 66 November 1989 70 March 1986 75 May 1987 78 November 1985 81 March 1988 83 November 1986 86 March 1987 90 November 1987 93 October 1979 97 Remote Control: A Film Treatment 103 Moving Pictures Page vi 104 Virtue and Vice on 65th Street (New York Film Festival) 113 The Man Who Envied Women (Yvonne Rainer) 117 Territories (Isaac Julien), Passion of Remembrance (Isaac Julien and Maureen Blackwood), Handsworth Songs (John Akomfrah) 121 American Pictures (Jacob Holdt) 125 Virtual Play (Steve Fagin) 128 Insignificance (Nicolas Roeg) 132 The Nightmare Woman (Lothar Lambert) 135 Dead People, Jews (Roger Deutsch) 139 The Draughtsman's Contract (Peter Greenaway) 142 Casual Shopper (Judith Barry), Call It Sleep (Isaac Cronin and Terrel Seltzer) 147 Kids Я Us or Viva Poland or Laudable Odds and Ends (New York Film Festival) 159 Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (Todd Haynes) 163 Difference: On Representation and Sexuality 168 Recoding Blackness: The Visual Rhetoric of Black Independent Film 172 Zina (Ken McMullen) 175 Corny Stories (Kim Ingraham), Vertigo (Three Character Descriptions (Rea Tajiri) 179 Fury is a Feeling Too (Cynthia Beatt) 181 Portrait of Jason, The Connection, Savage/Love (Shirley Clarke) 185 The Golden Eighties (Chantal Akerman), Heart Like a Wheel (Jonathan Kaplan) 190 The New York Film Festival 193 Mammame (Raul Ruiz) 196 The Trap Door (Beth B. and Scott B.) 199 A Question of Silence (Marleen Gorris) 202 Frank Tashlin 205 White Dog (Sam Fuller) 209 Position Papers 210 Not Nothing 212 Flash Art 214 Utopia: The promise of Fashion when time stands still Page vii 216 documenta 7 218 Work and Money 220 Incorrect 222 Picturing "Greatness" 223 Repeat After Me 224 American Manhood 226 Not Funny 228 Irony/Passion 229 Untitled 233 Job Description 235 Credits 237 Index Page 1 Arts and Leisures Page 2 Arts and Leisures There's something about categorizing things, about putting things in their place. Maybe it's about a kind of comfort. Maybe it's about setting things straight, putting first things first. Whatever it is, it surely has a hold on us. We seem intent on labeling and ordering. It's how we get on with our lives, how we proceed. It's all in a day's work: from the maintenance of homes and offices to the supposedly loftier pursuits of arranging history and conducting diplomacy. These orderings try to make sense of a complex world, easing us into understanding but also showing us what to know and how to know it. And like just about everything else under the sun, they are drenched in taste: that nonstop dictation of the loved and the unloved, the coveted and the passé. Of course, there are lots of different kinds of ordering. There's the regimentation of the military, the labyrinths of libraries, the paradigms of science, and the style of wars of the arts, to name just a few. In fact, museums are categorizing exhibitionists, boldly flashing their ordering compulsions with a kind of decorous abandon. Likewise, the very newspaper which you are now reading is an amalgam of categories. Aside from global, national, and metropolitan news, there's sports, science, living, etc. Sunday, this bulky behemoth you are now perusing, is the embrace of it all, a week's worth of reportage, of attentions given and judgments passed. And since you are now loitering around this Page 3 particular section, it should be obvious that there's art and there's leisure. This last coupling is an oldie but goody that neatly perpetuates the conventional gap between the fine arts and socalled popular culture. Okay, let's turn the pages and try to figure out which is art and which is leisure. Or, in other words, what is "high" and what is "low." Let's see. Art is obviously art, right? And sometimes theater is art, but sometimes it's just a lot of escapist hullabaloo, right? Dance is art. TV and movies are leisure, I guess. But what about "the cinema," that hightoned and serious activity? Pop has got to be leisure. Recordings can be art in their inception and leisure in their reception. Music is a little bit of both, depending on the music. Antiques can be either art or pop in their creation, but their collection is highly serious leisure. And where does architecture fit in, with its careful collapse of form into function? In fact, architectural discourse spawned one of the most recently cited categories: that vaporous buzzword, that zany genre with legs: postmodernism. But what does this term, inflated into a ridiculous journalistic convenience, actually mean? To some it's an excuse to pile together oodles of wild and crazy decor, to others it's another example of the weakening of standards and values, to others a transgressive resistance to the sureness of categories, to others a handy way to describe a particular house, dress, car, artist, dessert, or pet, and to others it's simply already over. But aside from all these possible meanings, it's the prefix itself which is problematic. All "post"'s seem to declare particular genres or periods over and done, and this Page 4 kind of closure is troubling. If you think in terms of continuums rather than encapsulations, if you note the power of historic processes rather than that of fixed objects or groupings, this declaration of finality is strangely suspect. (The most egregious example of this usage is the journalistically touted "postfeminism" which emerged, not coincidentally, just as the conventional relations between gender and power entered a period of crisis.) So, if the term "postmodernism" has to be used, it would be nice if it could question the sanctity of categories themselves: playing fast and loose with their seriousness, spreading their wealth, welcoming compelling multiplicities and inclusions rather than singular "great" achievements. But wait a minute! What's the matter with great achievements? And what about values and standards? Is that the muttering I hear in the wings? Isn't it a bit foolhardy to propose an end to the structures that really matter? Matter to whom, I ask. Are these values and standards dollops of divine rule that have wafted down to earth? Or are they simply the pleasures and preferences of those who archivize, hierarchize, and capitalize; who construct cultural history through their admittances and exclusions. And technology, that relentless magic show, has changed our lives while both enlarging and shrinking the cultural field. It is now obvious that segments of society are not discrete categories, but rather simultaneous processes that collide, seep, and withdraw with, into, and from one another. Seeing is no longer believing. The very notion of truth has been put into crisis. In a world bloated with images, we are finally learning that photographs do indeed lie. In a society rife with purported information, we know that words have power, but
Description: