‘amtah Glacier Camp, Lahaul and Spit District, Himachal Pradesh (Photo Cret: Kalyn Kesha, 2016) REMINISCING HIMALAYAN GLACIERS ~~ - : Glaciology Division \ Geological Survey of India Northern Region, Lucknow © India, Geological Survey (2020) Authors : Rajesh Asthana, Deputy Director General SP. Shukla, Director Rakesh Mishra, Superintending Geologist Kalyan Krishna, Senior Geologist Printing and Processing: ‘Champa Sensarma, Director ‘Sana Naqvi, Senior Geologist Publication Division, Northem Region Geological Survey of India, Lucknow Under overall guidance : ‘Shri Som Nath Chandel ‘Additional Director General & HoD Geological Survey of India, Northern Region, Lucknow Published by: ‘The Director General Geological Survey of India 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkate-700016 (Cover: Duran Drang Gls, Zana Vall, Ladakh (Photo ret: Kalyan Kriss, 2015) Tide Page: Gop Guth Glacier, aha & Spi Disc, Himachal Pradesh (Photo Cet: MunearA. Mak, 2013) Back Cover: Kee Laks, Rando Vale, Lada Photo Credit: Zahid Majed, 2019) Parang Glacier, Spit Valley, Himachal Pradesh (Photo Credit: Arun Chaturvedi, 2013) Glaciers are important source of fresh water stored in solid state for which glaciated regime of Himalayan region is also known as Water Tower of Asia. The major rivers flowing through the northern states of India owe their origin to the glaciers in the ‘mighty Indian Himalaya. In addition to being the reservoirs of Jresh water, these glaciers are storehouse of various picturesque landforms distributed all over the Himalaya, These glaciers are also considered as proxy records of climate change. Keeping these in view, Geological Survey of India had created a specialised ‘Glaciology Division’ way back in 1974, Since then studies on mass balance, secular movement, snow cover assessment and Glacial Lake Out Burst Flood (GLOF) studies are being regularly undertaken by GSI. GSI has a vast collection of Photographs and maps of the glaciers and landforms resulted ‘from various expeditions in the remote corners of the mighty ‘Himalayas. The present coffee table book REMINISCING HIMALYAN GLACIERS is an attempt by the officers of GSI to showcase the glimpse of fascinating Himalayan glaciers. am confident that the present coffee table book will not only be a Jirst hand guide to the Himalayan glaciers, but also help in Inspiring oneand all for taking further keen interest ineryosphere ofHimalayan region. Puface India has been bestowed upon by vast resource of freshwater including large number of glaciers and perennial snow cover: The ‘slaciers are not only vast resources of fresh water but also act as one ofthe most vital agency responsible for scenic landscape of ‘the mighty Himalaya, During the second half of nineteenth century, afters inception in 1851, the geosclentist of Geological Survey of India studied several glaciers, notable among them are W. Theobold who in 1874 investigated seven glaciers inthe Northwestern Himalayas, WE. Blanford published “Notes on glaciers in Hindustan” in 1873 and “Notes on age and ancient glaciers ofthe Himalaya” in 1891. Gangotri Glacier snout was sketched by Griesbach in 1889. Similarly, PN. Bose in 1890 visited Kapru and Pandim ‘slaciers in Sikkim. R.D. Oldham had published “Note on groundice” in 1894. During International Geophysical Year (1957-S8) followed by International Hydrological Decade (1965-74), which counted ltselfinto a continuous International Hydrological Programme saw another concerted International/ National effort towards slaciological studies in modern form. With the inception of Glaciology Division on 4* January 1974, GST initiated studies on snow, ice and glacier with modern approach ‘Systematic glaciological studies in Geological Survey of India conducted during the last four decades can be broadly classified in four categories viz. assessment of glacier resources, water resource management, climate variability and other associated studies including depth assessment, lichenometry, artificial augmentation of melting of glaciers, geochronology and Glacial Lake Out Burst Flood (GLOF) studies. ‘The present coffee table book is prepared to showcase the evolution of glaciological studies in GSI, besides providing an ‘opportunity of briefly perceiving the fascinating glacial landforms of Indian Himalaya, I am sure that the readers will be spellbound with the glimpses ofunseen fascinating landforms carved out by glaciers ofthe Himalaya ay (Som Nath Chandel) Additional Director General Glacier, Karakoram Range, (Photo Credit Zahid Majed 2019) Introduction Glaciers Resources of Indian Himalaya Distribution of Glaciers Beginning of Glacfological Investigations Himalayan Glacial Features and Landforms Glaciological Studies in Geological Survey of India Glacier Mass Balance Studies Societal and Other Studies HRD and Data Dissemination Glacial Horn in the background of Tharang Glacier, ‘Miyar Valley, Himachal Pradesh (Photo Cred: Rajesh Astana, 2017)