Epidemiology and Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) eSFkh ¼VªkbZxksusyk Qksbue&xzbsde ,y-½ ds pwf.kZy vkflrk jksx dk jksx O;kf/kdh v/;;u ,oa izcU/ku Rekha Kumawat Thesis Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture (Plant Pathology) 2015 Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER-303 329 SRI KARAN NARENDRA AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, JOBNER Epidemiology and Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) eSFkh ¼VªkbZxksusyk Qksbue&xzsbde ,y-½ ds pwf.kZy vkflrk dh egkekfjrk ,oa izcU/ku Thesis Submitted to Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture (Plant Pathology) By Rekha Kumawat 2015 Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE - I Dated:……/……/2015 This is to certify that Miss Rekha Kumawat had successfully completed the preliminary examination held on 16/06/2014 as required under the regulation for Ph.D. degree. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Head Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE – II Dated: …/……/2015 This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Epidemiology and Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)” submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Plant Pathology embodies bonafide research work carried-out by Miss Rekha Kumawat under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of the thesis was also approved by advisory committee on 24/12/ 2014. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Head Major Advisor Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (S.N. SHARMA) Dean S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE - III Dated: ........../2015 This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Epidemiology and Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)” submitted by Miss Rekha Kumawat to Sri Karan Narendra Agricultural University, Jobner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Plant Pathology, after recommendation by the external examiner was defended by the candidate before the following members of the advisory committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on this thesis has been found satisfactory. We therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Major Advisor (S.C. JAIN) (DHIRENDRA SINGH) Advisor Advisor (B.L. JAT) (V.K. YADAV) Advisor Director Education, Nominee (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) (ANILA DOSHI) Head External Examiner Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Approved Director Education, Nominee Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE - IV Dated: …..../2015 This is to certify that Miss Rekha Kumawat of the Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner has made all corrections/modifications in the thesis entitled “Epidemiology and Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)” which were suggested by the external examiner and the advisory committee in the oral examination held on__________. The final copies of the thesis duly bound and corrected were submitted on ___________, and forwarded herewith for approval. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Head Major Advisor Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (S.N. SHARMA) Dean S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Approved Director Education Nominee Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take great pleasure to express my honest and deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my Major Advisor Dr. K.S. Shekhawat, Professor and Head, Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner for his valuable guidance, constructive suggestion, keep keen and sustained interest, constant encouragement, propitious assistance, kind and gracious patronage in preparation of this manuscript and for providing necessary facilities and benevolent patronage. I concurrence my humble thanks to my advisory committee consisting Dr. S.C. Jain, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Dhirendra Singh, Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dr. B.L. Jat, Professor, Department of Entomology and Dr. V.K. Yadav, Director Education Nominee, Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry for their valuable guidance, incessant encouragement and keen interest during course of investigation. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. G.L. Keshwa, and Dr. S.N. Sharma, Former and Present Dean S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, respectively for providing necessary facilities in this venture. I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. R.R. Ahir, Dr. A.C. Mathur, Dr. S. Godhika, Dr. Mahaveer Singh, Professors, Dr. R.P. Ghasolia, Asstt. Professor and Dr. S.K. Goyal, Senior Technical Assistant, Dr. R.L. Mahala, Technical Assistant, Sh. Anandi Lal Kumawat and Teeja Devi, Department of Plant Pathology for their valuable help received during the execution of present investigation. I offer my sincere appreciation to my academic colleagues especially who boosted my moral and extended unreserved help of varied nature. No words are sufficient to express my deep sense of regard and gratitude to my respected Father Sh. Mohan Lal Kumawat Mothers Smt. Munni Devi, Tauji Sh. Heeralal Kumawat Taiji Smt. Teeja Devi for their great affection, constant inspiration and moral support during my education. I express to my deep sense of profuse reverence, indebtedness and affection to my respected Bhaiya Bhabhi Dr. Rajendra, and Dr. Kamlesh Kumawat, Mr. Mukesh, and Mamta Devi, Vishnu and Sumitra Devi, and sister Kavita and Gulshan, younger brother Motilal and Kamlesh, Cute Nephew, Paritesh, Khusant and nice Bhavya and Yogita for their devoted cooperation and sacrifice various movements of troubles as well as enjoyment in my life. . I am also grateful to Mr. Suresh Yadav, M/s Vimal Computer, Jobner for typing the manuscript neatly and efficienty within a very short period. Last but not the least, a million thanks to almighty GOD, who made me to this task and made every Job a success for me. Place : Jobner Date : (Rekha Kumawat) CONTENTS Chapter Particulars Page No. No. INTRODUCTION 1. ……….. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……….. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ……….. 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ……….. 5. DISCUSSION ……….. 6. SUMMARY ……….. LITERATURE CITED ……….. ABSTRACT (English) ……….. ABSTRACT (Hindi) ……….. LIST OF TABLES Particulars Table Page No. No. 4.1 Effect of temperature on conidial germination of Erysiphe ----------- polygoni of fenugreek 4.2 Effect of relative humidity on conidial germination of ----------- Erysiphe polygoni of fenugreek at different temperatures 4.3 Effect of incubation period on conidial germination of ----------- Erysiphe polygoni of fenugreek at different temperatures 4.4 Effect of darkness and light on conidial germination of ----------- Erysiphe polygoni of fenugreek at different temperatures 4.5 Effect of temperature on host infection by Erysiphe ----------- polygoni of fenugreek after 96 hours of incubation (In vitro) 4.6 Effect of relative humidity on host infection by Erysiphe ----------- polygoni of fenugreek at 240C temperature after 96 hours of incubation (In vitro) 4.7 Effect of darkness and light on host infection by Erysiphe ----------- polygoni of fenugreek at 240C temperature after 96 hours of incubation (In vitro) 4.8 Effect of host age on infection by Erysiphe polygoni of ----------- fenugreek under cage house conditions 4.9 Per cent disease intensity of fenugreek in relation to ----------- environmental factors 4.10 Correlation of disease intensity with major meteorological ----------- factors 4.11 Prediction equation and R2 for predicting powdery mildew ----------- disease intensity in fenugreek 4.12 Infection of Erysiphe polygoni on different hosts ----------- 4.13 Estimation of avoidable loss on powdery mildew disease ----------- intensity and seed yield of fenugreek 4.14 Reaction of fenugreek germplasm entries against powdery ----------- mildew disease (Erysiphe polygoni) under laboratory conditions 4.15 Reaction of fenugreek germplasm entries against powdery ----------- mildew disease (Erysiphe polygoni) under field conditions 4.16 Effect of dates of sowing on powdery mildew disease ----------- intensity and seed yield of fenugreek 4.17 Effect of spacing on powdery mildew disease intensity and ----------- seed yield of fenugreek 4.18 Effect of micronutrients on powdery mildew disease ----------- intensity and seed yield of fenugreek 4.19 Effect of fungicides on powdery mildew disease intensity ----------- and seed yield of fenugreek 4.20 Economic benefit : cost ratio of various treatments used for ----------- powdery mildew disease of fenugreek 4.21 Effect of biocides on powdery mildew disease intensity and ----------- seed yield of fenugreek 4.22 Effect of SAR activator on powdery mildew disease ----------- intensity and seed yield of fenugreek