Regular Expression Processing in ABAP Applies to: This document applies to SAP ECC 6.0, SAP Netweaver 2004s. For more information, visit the ABAP homepage. Summary Regular expression is powerful tool for text processing. Regular Expression Processing can help you extend your ABAP capabilities. Many text search and replacement problems are difficult to handle without using regular expression pattern matching. This article provides introduction to regular expression technology in ABAP. Author: Shaira Madhu Company: Applexus Software Solutions (P) Ltd Created on: 25 October 2010 Author Bio Shaira Madhu is working as SAP Technology Consultant with Applexus Software Solutions (P) Ltd. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 1 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP Table of Contents What is Regular Expression? ............................................................................................................................. 3 ABAP statement – REGEX ................................................................................................................................. 3 ABAP Classes. ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Exceptions ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 CONSTRUCTOR - Assignment of a regular expression to a character string ............................................... 5 CREATE - Function for Creating a Matchers .................................................................................................. 5 FIND_NEXT – Search for Next Match ............................................................................................................ 6 FIND_ALL – Search for all Subsequent Matches ........................................................................................... 6 MATCH – Use Regular Expression for Reamaning Character set ................................................................. 6 REPLACE_NEXT - Replacement of the Next Match ...................................................................................... 7 REPLACE_FOUND - Replacement of the Last Match Found ........................................................................ 7 REPLACE_ALL – Replacement of allSubsequent Matches ........................................................................... 7 GET_MATCH – Query of the Current State.................................................................................................... 8 GET_SUBMATCH – Subgroup Query ............................................................................................................ 8 GET_OFFSET – Query of the Replacement of Last Match Found ................................................................ 8 GET_LENGTH –Query of the Length of the Last Match Found ..................................................................... 8 GET_LINE – Query of the row of the Last Match Found ................................................................................ 8 CONTAINS –Search for Regular Expression ................................................................................................. 9 MATCHES –Test for Match with Regular Expression .................................................................................... 9 Regular Expression Patterns .............................................................................................................................. 9 Escape character ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Special Characters for single character string ................................................................................................ 9 Special Characters for character string patterns .......................................................................................... 10 Special Characters for search string ............................................................................................................. 11 Special Characters for replacement texts ..................................................................................................... 11 Related Content ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Disclaimer and Liability Notice .......................................................................................................................... 13 SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 2 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP What is Regular Expression? Business applications are becoming more and more dependent on string processing and string generation because they are required for generating program code or data that is exchanged with markup languages like XML. Regular expression is powerful tool for text processing. You may use regular expressions in order to validate a string input, extract a particular set of data from a text variable, or may even transform data to meet your business use. A particular data set is termed valid if, and only if, it matches against a certain Regular expression pattern. The most common use of Regular Expression is to search substrings within a data stream that corresponds to a particular Regular Expression pattern. Pattern matching with regular expression can be applied to real world scenario, such as,  Email id validation.  Eliminating special characters from phone numbers.  Parse data from xml format.  Conversion of date from one format to other.  Searching Error log file to get the execption message. ABAP provide statements and classes for regular expression operation. ABAP statement – REGEX ABAP statements FIND and REPLACE support the use of regular expression with additional clause REGEX. FIND statement searches the given text for a match with a regular expression, as shown below: FIND REGEX 'A*B' IN 'ABAP'. FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX pattern IN text RESULTS match_result. All the maching expression will be stored in match_result variables with type MATCH_RESULT_TAB. REPLACE statement will replace the given regular expression pattern form the given text. REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX regpattern IN text WITH new REPLACEMENT COUNT cnt. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 3 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP ABAP Classes. ABAP objects provides two classes for regular expression  CL_ABAP_REGEX  CL_ABAP_MATCHER Regex class CL_ABAP_REGEX stores preprocessed RE pattern.This class generates an object-oriented representation from a regular expression in a character-like field. Class CL_ABAP_MATCHER applies a regular expression generated using CL_ABAP_REGEX to either a character string or an internal table. DATA: regex TYPE REF TO cl_abap_regex, matcher TYPE REF TO cl_abap_matcher. CREATE OBJECT regex EXPORTING pattern = 'ma*' ignore_case = abap_true. CREATE OBJECT matcher EXPORTING regex= regex text = ‘material’. When creating an object of this class, the regular expression REGEX is linked with the text ‘TEXT’ to be processed or with the table ‘TABLE’ to be processed. An object of the class CL_ABAP_REGEX can be used with any number of objects of the class CL_ABAP_MATCHER. All the matching expression will be stored in variables with type MATCH_RESULT_TAB. Find and replace operations are triggered by several methods whose results are stored in the internal state of the object. In addition, the success of an action is returned in the form of Boolean values. The current editing state can be queried using several get methods. For all regex operations such as finding and replacing, the following methods are available:  constructor(regex, [text], [table])  find_next([success])  find_all([matches])  match(success)  replace_next(newtext, success)  replace_found(newtext, success)  replace_all(newtext, success) The state and result of the find or replace operation can be queried using the following methods:  get_match(match)  get_match(match)  get_submatch(index, submatch)  get_offset(index, offset)  get_length([index], length)  get_line([line]) In addition, to facilitate programming, methods are provided that can mainly be used in logical expressions:  create(pattern, [text], [table], [ignore_case], [matcher])  contains(pattern, text, [ignore_table], [success])  matches(pattern, text, [success]) SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 4 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP Exceptions When an error occurs, an exception of error class CX_SY_MATCHER is triggered according to the relevant text parameter:  CX_SY_MATCHER_INVALID_ARGUMENTS The specifications of the text to be scanned are invalid.  CX_SY_MATCHER_NO_CURRENT_MATCH A text replacement or result queries were executed without a valid match.  CX_SY_MATCHER_INVALID_SUBMATCH An access was executed to a subgroup that does not exist.  CX_SY_MATCHER_INVALID_MATCH_OPERATION You tried to use the match method for an internal table. If the exceptions are not caught, the runtime error INVALID_REGEX is triggered. All of the methods in CL_ABAP_MATCHER are described below. CONSTRUCTOR - Assignment of a regular expression to a character string When creating an object of this class, the regular expression regex is linked with the text text to be processed or with the table table to be processed. An object of the class CL_ABAP_REGEX can be used with any number of objects of the class CL_ABAP_MATCHER. If neither of the two parameters text or table is specified, the exception assigned to the class CX_SY_MATCHER is raised. If the regular expression regex was created in an environment other than the current text environment, the catchable exception CX_SY_REGEX_LOCALE_MISMATCH is triggered. CREATE - Function for Creating a Matchers The class method create (pattern, {text | table}, [ignore_case], [no_submatches}, [simple_regex], matcher) returns a matcher object for the specified pattern pattern and the specified text text. The options ignore_case, no_submatches, and simple_regex affect the semantics of the regular expression analogous to the constructor of the class CL_ABAP_REGEX.In the parameter matcher, a comparison object of the type CL_ABAP_MATCHER is returned In the case of an invalid regular exception, the catchable exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX is raised. If neither of the parameters text or table is passed, the catchable exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX_OPERATION is raised. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 5 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP FIND_NEXT – Search for Next Match This method searches for the next match with the regular expression and stores the result internally. The Boolean return value specifies whether another match was found.If the method is successful, you can use the get methods to obtain information about the found location or replace it with replace_found (new). If the method is not successful, the last match found is reset.Once the text is fully searched, repeated calls of find_next( success ) will always return the value success = ‘ ’. DATA v_sucess TYPE abap_bool. CALL METHOD lr_matcher->find_next RECEIVING success = v_sucess . FIND_ALL – Search for all Subsequent Matches In the parameter matches, this method returns all remaining, non-overlappingmatches of the expression in an internal table of the type match_result_tab. If the pattern is not found, an empty table is returned.Calling find_all (matches) resets the last match found. Calling a get method after find_all( matches ) raises a catchable exception.After calling find_all( matches ), the entire character sequence or table is regarded as processed. Repeated calls of the method will not return any more matches. DATA: lt_result TYPE match_result_tab. It_result = matcher->find_all ( ). IF lines (lt_result) GT 0. v_exist = ‘Y’. ENDIF. MATCH – Use Regular Expression for Reamaning Character set This method checks whether the expression matches the whole, not yet searched section of the character string and returns the result in the Boolean parameter success.If the method is successful; you can use the get methods to obtain information about the match, analogous to find_next (success). If the method is not successful, the current match is reset. Once the method has been called, the entire character sequence is regarded as processed. Repeated calls of match (success) will not return and further matches. **MATCH - Email id validation. Data v_pattern = '^([0-9a-zA-Z]([-.\w]*[0-9a-zA-Z])*@([0-9a-zA-Z][-\w]*[0-9a-zA-Z]\.)+[a- zA-Z]{2,9})$'. lr_matcher = cl_abap_matcher=> create (pattern = v_pattern Text = ’[email protected]’). CALL METHOD lr_matcher->match RECEIVING success = v_sucess. IF v_sucess = abap_false. Message 'Invalid email id' TYPE 'I'. ENDIF. This method cannot be called when processing internal tables; any attempt to do so will raise the exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX_OPERATION.. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 6 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP REPLACE_NEXT - Replacement of the Next Match This method searches for the next match of the regular expression and replaces it with the character string defined by the replacement string newtext. The Boolean return value success contains the value 'X' if a match is found and replaced. The stored current match is reset. Calling a get method after replace_next (newtext) raises a catchable exception. Calling the method replace_next (newtext) has the same effect as the call sequence find_next ( ) followed by replace_found (newtext). If the replacement pattern is invalid, the catchable exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX_FORMAT is raised. REPLACE_FOUND - Replacement of the Last Match Found This method replaces the last found match with the character string defined by the replacement pattern newtext. The Boolean return value success contains the value 'X' if the current match was stored and replaced. The stored current match is reset. Calling a GET method after replace_found( newtext ) triggers a catchable exception. In the case of replace_found( success ), the special character $` always refers to the end of the last match or text replacement and not to the start of the line. If no current match exists, the catchable exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised. If the replacement pattern is invalid, the catchable exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX_FORMAT is raised. REPLACE_ALL – Replacement of allSubsequent Matches This method replaces any current matches as well as all remaining, non-overlapping matches of the regular expression with the character string defined by the replacement pattern newtext. The count parameter contains the number of replaced matches. If no matches are replaced, count has the value 0. The stored current match is reset. Calling a get method after replace_all( matches ) raises a catchable exception. *Eliminating special characters from phone numbers. DATA: lr_matcher TYPE REF TO cl_abap_matcher, v_cnt TYPE I. TRY. lr_matcher = cl_abap_matcher=>create( pattern = '\+|\s|\(|\)|-' text = '+ 1 (123) 567-8910' ). CATCH cx_sy_matcher . ENDTRY. TRY. CALL METHOD lr_matcher->replace_all EXPORTING newtext = '' receiving count = v_cnt . CATCH cx_sy_matcher . ENDTRY. *We will get the result from lr_matcher->text .The value will be ’12345678910’. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 7 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP After replace_all( count ) has been called, the entire character string or table is regarded as processed. Repeated calls of the method will not make any further replacements. The contents of special characters like $1 are recalculated for each match. However, the specialcharacter $` always refers to the end of the last match or text replacement at the time the method was called. If the replacement pattern is invalid, the catchable exception CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX_FORMAT is raised. GET_MATCH – Query of the Current State In the match parameter, this method returns the current match of the regular expression of structure of the type match_result. If no current match is stored, the exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised. GET_SUBMATCH – Subgroup Query This method returns the character string of the subgroup with the number index of the current match in the parameter submatch. The subgroup 0 represents the complete match. Data v_smatch type string. Data v_sucess type abap_bool. CALL METHOD lr_matcher->find_next RECEIVING success = v_sucess CALL METHOD lr_matcher->get_submatch EXPORTING index = 0 RECEIVING submatch = v_smatch. If no current match is stored, the exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised. If the subgroup with the number index does not exist, the exception CX_SY_INVALID_SUBMATCH is raised. GET_OFFSET – Query of the Replacement of Last Match Found This method returns the offset of the current match in the parameter offset.If you specify a numeric value index, the system returns the offset of the subgroupwith the number index. The subgroup 0 represents the complete match. If no current match is stored, the exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised.If the subgroup with the number index does not exist, the exception CX_SY_INVALID_SUBMATCH is raised. GET_LENGTH –Query of the Length of the Last Match Found This method returns the length of the current match in the parameter length ,If a numeric value index is specified, the system returns the length of thesubgroup with the number index. The subgroup 0 represents the complete match. If no current match is specified, the exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised.If the subgroup with the number index does not exist, the exception CX_SY_INVALID_SUBMATCH is raised. GET_LINE – Query of the row of the Last Match Found This method returns the line of the current match in the parameter line. If no current match is stored, the exception CX_SY_NO_CURRENT_MATCH is raised. SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 8 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP CONTAINS –Search for Regular Expression This class static method checks whether the regular expression pattern is contained in the search text text or in the internal table table. A Boolean value is returned as the result. The semantics of the expression can be influenced by any options supported by the constructor of the class CL_ABAP_REGEX.After calling the contains( ) method, you can use get_object( matcher) to create an instance of the class CL_ABAP_MATCHER, the status of which corresponds to the result of contains( ) . MATCHES –Test for Match with Regular Expression This class static method checks whether the regular expression pattern is contained in the search text text or in the internal table table. A Boolean value is returned as the result. The semantics of the expression can be influenced by any options supported by the constructor of the class CL_ABAP_REGEX.After calling the contains( ) method, you can use get_object( matcher) to create an instance of the class CL_ABAP_MATCHER, the status of which corresponds to the result of contains( ) . Regular Expression Patterns Regular Expressions are composed of symbols and characters (literals). I will try to cover some of the commonly-used symbols Escape character Special character Meaning \ Escape character for special characters Special Characters for single character string Special character Meaning . Placeholder for any single character \C Placeholder for any single character \d Placeholder for any single digit \D Placeholder for any character other than a digit \l Placeholder for any lower-case letter \L Placeholder for any character other than a lower-case letter \s Placeholder for a blank character \S Placeholder for any character other than a blank character \u Placeholder for any upper-case letter \U Placeholder for any character other than an upper-case letter \w Placeholder for any alphanumeric character including _ \W Placeholder for any non-alphanumeric character except for _ SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 9 Regular Expression Processing in ABAP [ ] Definition of a value set for single characters [^ ] Negation of a value set for single characters [ - ] Definition of a range in a value set for single characters [ [:alnum:] ] Description of all alphanumeric characters in a value set [ [:alpha:] ] Description of all letters in a value set [ [:blank:] ] Description for blank characters and horizontal tabulators in a value set [ [:cntrl:] ] Description of all control characters in a value set [ [:digit:] ] Description of all digits in a value set [ [:graph:] ] Description of all graphic special characters in a value set [ [:lower:] ] Description of all lower-case letters in a value set [ [:print:] ] Description of all displayable characters in a value set [ [:punct:] ] Description of all punctuation characters in a value set [ [:space:] ] Description of all blank characters, tabulators, and carriage feeds in a value set [ [:unicode:] ] Description of all Unicode characters in a value set with a code larger than 255 [ [:upper:] ] Description of all upper-case letters in a value set [ [:word:] ] Description of all alphanumeric characters in a value set, including _ [ [:xdigit:] ] Description of all hexadecimal digits in a value set \a \f \n \r \t \v Diverse platform-specific control characters [..] Reserved for later enhancements [==] Reserved for later enhancements Special Characters for character string patterns Special character Meaning {n} Concatenation of n single characters {n,m} Concatenation of at least n and a maximum of m single characters {n,m}? Reserved for later enhancements ? One or no single characters * Concatenation of any number of single characters including 'no characters' *? Reserved for later enhancements + Concatenation of any number of single characters excluding 'no characters' +? Reserved for later enhancements SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com © 2010 SAP AG 10