Advances in Spatial Science Madalena Fonseca Ugo Fratesi Editors Regional Upgrading in Southern Europe Spatial Disparities and Human Capital Advances in Spatial Science The Regional Science Series Serieseditors ManfredM.Fischer Jean-ClaudeThill JoukevanDijk HansWestlund Advisoryeditors GeoffreyJ.D.Hewings PeterNijkamp FolkeSnickars This series contains scientific studies focusing on spatial phenomena, utilising theoretical frameworks, analytical methods, and empirical procedures specifically designedforspatialanalysis.AdvancesinSpatialSciencebringstogetherinnova- tivespatialresearchutilisingconcepts,perspectives,andmethodsrelevanttoboth basicscienceandpolicymaking.Theaimistopresentadvancesinspatialscience to an informed readership in universities, research organisations, and policy- makinginstitutionsthroughouttheworld. The type of material considered for publication in the series includes: Mono- graphs of theoretical and applied research in spatial science; state-of-the-art vol- umes in areas of basic research; reports of innovative theories and methods in spatial science; tightly edited reports from specially organised research seminars. TheseriesandthevolumespublishedinitareindexedbyScopus. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/3302 Madalena Fonseca • Ugo Fratesi Editors Regional Upgrading in Southern Europe Spatial Disparities and Human Capital Editors MadalenaFonseca UgoFratesi UniversityofPorto DepartmentABC Lisboa,Portugal PolitecnicodiMilano Milano,Italy ISSN1430-9602 ISSN2197-9375 (electronic) AdvancesinSpatialScience ISBN978-3-319-49817-1 ISBN978-3-319-49818-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-49818-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017940044 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland For my children Isabel and Alexandre, with love. Madalena Acknowledgement Thisbookistheresultofalong,windingroad.Theinitialideawastobringtogether scholars from the four Southern European countries and different scientific areas related to regional development and European policies to discuss our common peripheral condition, but the project turned into a rather long process. Bringing together30peoplefromdifferentcountries,regionsandinstitutions,withtheirown commitments,engagementsandeverydayobligationswasnoteasy.Wearehence very grateful to our colleagues for their extraordinary contributions, critical and updated, and for sticking to the theme. We hope that this book will be a building blockofafuturerelevantstrandofresearchfocusedonSouthernEurope. Weareconfidentthatauthorsandreadersalikewillbehappywiththeresult. MadalenaFonseca UgoFratesi vii Contents PartI RegionalUpgradinginSouthernEuropeanditsRegions: TheContext 1 RegionalUpgradinginSouthernEurope:AGeneral Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 MadalenaFonsecaandUgoFratesi 2 SouthernEuropeataGlance:RegionalDisparitiesand HumanCapital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 MadalenaFonseca 3 TheRoleofFunctionsinEconomicUnderperformance ofSouthernEuropeanRegions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 UgoFratesi PartII RegionalUpgradingI:Innovation,Productivity,FDI, InfrastructureandPolicies 4 DoSouthernEuropeanRegionsReallyLagBehindinTheir InnovationTrends?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 RobertaCapelloandCamillaLenzi 5 RegionalDevelopmentandStructuralChange:TheProductivity ParadoxofSpanishPeripheralRegions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 J.AndresFai~na,JesusLopez-Rodriguez,PaulinoMontes-Solla, IsidoroRomero,andLauraVarela-Candamio 6 PatternsofForeignDirectInvestmentinSouthernEuropean Periphery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 LauraResmini ix x Contents 7 RegionalEconomicDevelopment,HumanCapitalandTransport InfrastructureinGreece:TheRoleofGeography. . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 VassilisTselios,AntonisRovolis,andYannisPsycharis 8 Globalisation,DelocalisationandDevelopment:Conceptual FrameworkandImpactsonSouthernEuropeanCountries. . . . . . 175 AthanasiosKalogeresis 9 TheImpactofRegionalandNationalPoliciesintheDevelopment oftheItalianMezzogiorno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 GuidoPellegrini PartIII RegionalUpgradingII:HumanCapital,Education,Labour MarketandMigration 10 TheRoleofEducationinRegionalLabourMarkets:Evidence fromTwoFragileEconomies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 EnriqueLo´pez-Bazo,VassilisMonastiriotis,andElisabetMotello´n 11 HumanCapitalFormationandtheMissingRegionalUpgrading intheEUPeriphery:TheRoleofMigrationandEducation-Job Mismatch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 NicolaD.ConiglioandFrancescoProta 12 AgeingandMigration:SomeReflexionsontheEffects oftheEconomicandFinancialCrisisonDemographicTrends inPortugueseRegions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 MariaLucindaFonseca,DiogodeAbreu,andAlinaEsteves 13 InvolvingUniversitiesinRegionalUpgradinginthePeriphery: LessonsfromNorthernEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 PaulBenneworthandRo´muloPinheiro 14 HigherEducation,HumanCapital,andRegionalDynamics inSouthernEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 RicardoBiscaia,PedroTeixeira,VeraRocha, andMargaridaFonsecaCardoso PartIV Postscript 15 ImplicationsforEuropeanEconomicIntegrationAfter theBrexit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 AlbertoAmaral List of Contributors Alberto Amaral holds a doctorate from Cambridge and is a professor at the University of Porto and a researcher at CIPES—Centre for Research on Higher Education Policies. He was the rector of Porto University from 1985 to 1998, former member of the Executive Board of the Conference of European Rectors, formerchairoftheConsortiumofHigherEducationResearchers,formermember of IMHE (OECD) and life member of the International Association of University Presidents. At present, he is the chair of the administrative council of the Portu- guese Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education. Recent books include European Integration and Governance of Higher Education and Research (Springer), Higher Education in Portugal 1974–2009. A Nation, a Gen- eration.(Springer),QualityAssuranceinHigherEducation.ContemporaryDebates (Palgrave), Cross-Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance: Commerce, TheServiceDirectiveandGoverningHigherEducation(Palgrave)andAnalysing EuropeanPolicyImplementation:TheBolognaProcess(Palgrave). PaulBenneworth isaseniorresearcherattheCenterforHigherEducationPolicy Studies,UniversityofTwente,theNetherlands,andAgderforskning,Kristiansand, Norway. Paul’s research focuses on the dynamics of innovation and regional development and in particular the ways in which cooperations and coalitions function in supporting regional innovation processes. He has been chief scientist of projects for a range of research funders including the European Framework Programme/ERA-NET,researchcouncilsintheUK,theNetherlandsandNorway aswellasawiderangeofgovernmentandnot-for-profitfunders.Heistheeditorof eightscientificworks,includingthreeintheRSACities&Regionsseries.Hehas published more than thirty peer-reviewed scientific articles in the last decade, serves asreviewerforarangeofjournals, researchcouncilsandfundingagencies internationallyandiscurrentlyactingasspecialscientificadvisertothreeresearch councilfundedprojectsinNorway,ItalyandBelgium. xi