5 1 CONTACT 0 E q u i p m e n t 2 f o r E n g i n e e r i n g E d u c a t i o n G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH Hanskampring 15-17 D-22885 Barsbüttel GERMANY phone:+4940 67 08 54-0 Fax: +4940 67 08 54-42 web: www.gunt.de e-mail: [email protected] Y G O L O N H C E T G N I N O I T I D N O C R I A D REFRIGERATION N YOUR LOCAL SERVICE A N O TI AND AIR CONDITIONING A b R E G Visit our website I R TECHNOLOGY www.gunt.de F E R 3b Katalog_3b_E_Cover_9mm_Spine.indd 1 05.08.14 17:05 WELCOME TO GUNT CONTENTS REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY PAGE CHAPTER 8 Refrigeration Technology 140 Air Conditioning Technology 204 Electrical Engineering in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology 222 Symbols and Terms of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Your reliable and experienced partner for Allocation of GUNT Units by Subject Areas for Training as a 224 teaching and training systems for innovative technical training Mechatronics Engineer for Refrigeration experimentation and research equipment 226 Index GUNT demonstration and experimentation equipment for training in technical professions training of technical staff in trades and industry I have gone a long way with my development team to design the product range presented in this catalogue in a suitable manner for efficient training studies in engineering disciplines in refrigeration and air conditioning technology. Two aspects were always of importance for us: How does the technology actually look like in practice? Which subjects matter and which experiments combine into a powerful curriculum? Dr.-Ing. D. Abraham This program serves both academic interest and the important field of voca- Head of Development at GUNT tional training. IMPRINT © 2015 by GUNT Gerätebau GmbH, reproduction – even in parts – only permitted with written approval. GUNT is a registered trademark. GUNT products are therefore protected and subject to copyright. No responsibility can be taken for printing errors. Modifications reserved. Design, typesetting and litho: Profi-Satz, Hamburg Printing: Printed on chlorine-free bleached environmentally friendly paper. 3 THE COMPLETE GUNT PROGRAMME – EQUIPMENT FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION ENGINEERING MECHANICS & MACHINE ELEMENTS FLUID MECHANICS Statics Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics Strength of Materials Steady Flow Dynamics Steady Flow of Compressible Fluids Fundamentals of Engineering Design Flow around Bodies Machinery Diagnosis Examples of Transient Flow Properties of Materials Hydraulic Fluid Energy Machines Components in Piping Systems and Plant Design Fluidic Experimental Plants Hydraulic Engineering MECHATRONICS PROCESS ENGINEERING Engineering Drawing Process Control Engineering Cutaway Models Fundamentals of Control Engineering Components and Calibration Dimensional Metrology Simple and Complex Control Systems Fasteners and Machine Parts Theoretical Fundamentals Manufacturing Engineering Practical Fundamentals Assembly Projects Mechanical Process Engineering Maintenance Thermal Process Engineering Machinery Diagnosis Chemical Process Engineering Automation Biological Process Engineering Water Treatment THERMAL ENGINEERING AND HVAC ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT Fundamentals of Thermodynamics ENERGY ENVIRONMENT EENNEVRIRGOYN &MENT Applied Thermodynamics Solar Energy Water Renewable Energies Hydropower Air Power Engines and Machines Wind Power Soil Internal Combustion Engines Biomass Waste Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Geothermal Energy Heating and Ventilation in Buildings Energy Systems Sanitary Systems Energy Efficiency in Building Service Engineering for EnEgqinueipemrienngt Education PLANNING & CONSULTING · TECHNICAL SERVICE COMMISSIONING & TRAINING Brief Overview 2 (cid:42)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:178)(cid:3)(cid:60)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:192)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) 5 REFRIGERATION TRAINING IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY WITH GUNT TRAINING SYSTEMS The complete program for Structure of the catalogue Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology all issues in refrigeration The catalogue is divided into the three main chapters and physical context in an easy to comprehend manner. and air conditioning refrigeration, air conditioning technology and electrical This allows for an easy introduction to the respective technology Suitable both for Practical exercises engineering. Informative pages containing basic knowl- subject matter of the catalogue. vocational education Assembly edge precede the sub-chapters and explain the technical and engineering Adjustment training Testing Principles of Cold Production Replacement REFRIGERATION Thermodynamics of the Refrigeration Cycle Scientific investigations Thermodynamic interrelationships Components of Refrigeration With the GUNT training Observations in the cyclic process systems you can work successfully Energy balances and energy efficiency (cid:36)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3) in almost all subject areas as a Efficiency mechatronics engineer for refrigeration. (cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86) SUBJECT AREAS FOR TRAINING AS A MECHATRONICS ENGINEER FOR REFRIGERATION Heat Pumps and Ice Stores ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, REFRIGERATION AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY CONTROL AND AUTOMATION States of the Air AIR CONDITIONING Functional interrelationships Investigation of the states Principles of electrical TECHNOLOGY Principles of Air Conditioning Technology in the refrigeration circuit of the air engineering Practical Air Conditioning Systems Production of mechanical Basic interrelationships in Consumers of single phase subsystems ventilation and room air alternating current conditioning Ventilation Technology Thermodynamics, Construction elements and Protection against electrical log p-h diagram function of the air conditioning hazards system Refrigeration Controls ELECTRICS IN REFRIGERATION Refrigerants and Air conditioning, h-x diagram Simple refrigeration controls AND AIR CONDITIONING Control of Refrigeration Systems lubrication oils TECHNOLOGY Fault Finding Primary and secondary Air circuit in the ductwork Consumers of three phase controllers alternating current Mainly with experimental orientation Mainly with technical orientation Heat exchangers Fire protection measures Electrical drives and (cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:192)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) Compressors Energy saving Control of refrigeration systems GUNT training systems are complete systems where everything is coordinated and from a single source. Experimental unit Instructional material Theoretical background Piping Building automation Measuring technology Detailed experiment instructions Tailored software (cid:41)an(cid:68)(cid:88)d(cid:79) (cid:87)d(cid:3)i(cid:192)s(cid:3)(cid:81)p(cid:71)o(cid:76)s(cid:81)a(cid:74)l(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3) Eosfxfou tGeubnnjUesdNci vtoT ena u rapnelaialtogssce cta oa2t in2toh 2nbe.e = cGoUvNerTe du nbiyts This means that GUNT training system WSso ocluraktniso hnbesee atusns dfeo dhr iftnaratssitn faeoner dsth eef fteecaticvheelyr during lessons and study. 7 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION COMPONENTS OF REFRIGERATION: COMPONENTS OF REFRIGERATION: EQUIP- PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION COMPRESSORS MENT STUDIES AND CUTAWAY MODELS MODULAR TRAINING SYSTEMS CODE PRODUCT PAGE CODE PRODUCT PAGE CODE PRODUCT PAGE CODE PRODUCT PAGE Overview Basic Knowledge – Principles of Cold Production 10 Overview Basic Knowledge – Compressors in Refrigeration 40 ET 499.30 Ceiling Air Cooler 72 Modular Systems for Experiments in the Field of Overview 88 Refrigeration Engineering ET 101 Simple Compression Refrigeration Circuit 12 ET 165 Compression Refrigeration System with ET 499.01 Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor 73 Overview 42 Drive Unit HM 365 ET 900 Introduction to Refrigeration: Overview 90 ET 400 Refrigeration Circuit with Variable Load 14 ET 499.02 Semi-Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor 73 Training System with Modular Design ET 165 Refrigeration System with Open Compressor 44 ET 411C Compression Refrigeration System 16 ET 499.03 Open Refrigerant Compressor, 2-Cyl. 73 ET 900 Introduction to Refrigeration 92 HM 365 Universal Drive and Brake Unit 46 ET 352 Vapour Jet Compressor in Refrigeration Engineering 18 ET 499.12 Block Drier 73 ET 910 Refrigeration Training System, Base Unit 94 ET 432 Behaviour of a Piston Compressor 48 ET 120 Cooling Using the Peltier Effect 20 ET 499.13 Oil Separator 73 ET 910.10 Refrigeration Components for Basic Experiments 96 ET 428 Energy Efficiency in Refrigeration Systems 50 ET 122 Vortex Cooling Device 22 ET 499.14 Liquid Separator 73 ET 910.11 Refrigeration Components for Advanced Experiments 98 ET 480 Absorption Refrigeration System 24 ET 499.16 Ball Valve 74 ET 910.05 Refrigeration Laboratory Workplace 100 COMPONENTS OF REFRIGERATION: ET 499.18 Thermostatic Expansion Valve 74 Leaflet ET 910 Training in Refrigeration 101 HEAT EXCHANGERS ET 499.19 Automatic Expansion Valve 74 ET 915 HSI Training System for Refrigeration and THERMODYNAMICS OF THE Overview 118 Air Conditioning Technology REFRIGERATION CYCLE CODE PRODUCT PAGE ET 499.21 Sight Glass with Humidity Indicator 74 HSI Training System Refrigeration and ET 915 120 ET 499.25 4/2-Way Reversing Valve 74 Air Conditioning Technology, Base Unit CODE PRODUCT PAGE Overview Basic Knowledge – Heat Exchangers in Refrigeration 52 ET 499.26 Condensation Pressure Control Valve 74 ET 915.01 Refrigerator Model 122 ET 431 Heat Exchangers in the Refrigeration Circuit 54 Overview BRaesfriicg Kernaotwiolne dCgyec l–e Thermodynamics of the 26 ET 915.02 Manodd Ferl eoefz ain Rge Sfrtiaggeeration System with Refrigeration 124 ET 350 Changes of State in the Refrigeration Circuit 30 COMPONENTS OF REFRIGERATION: ET 351C Thermodynamics of the Refrigeration Circuit 32 ASSEMBLY, FAULT FINDING, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CONTROLLERS MAINTENANCE HEAT PUMPS AND ICE STORES ET 412C Refrigeration System with Refrigeration and Freezing Chamber 34 CODE PRODUCT PAGE ET 430 Refrigeration System with Two-Stage Compression 36 CODE PRODUCT PAGE CODE PRODUCT PAGE ET 441 Refrigeration Chamber and Defrosting Methods 38 Basic Knowledge – Primary and Secondary Overview 56 Controllers Overview Basic Knowledge – Making of Piping 76 Overview Basic Knowledge – Heat Pumps 126 ET 426 Capacity Control in Refrigeration Systems 60 MT 210 Assembly & Maintenance Exercise: Refrigeration 78 ET 102 Heat Pump Trainer 128 ET 180 Pressure Switches in Refrigeration 62 ET 150.01 Refrigerant Filling and Evacuation Equipment 80 Overview ET 405 Heat Pump for Cooling and Heating Operation 130 ET 181 Adjustment and Operation of Expansion Valves 64 ET 150.02 Tool Set 81 ET 405 Heat Pump for Cooling and Heating Operation 132 ET 182 Secondary Controllers in Refrigeration Systems 66 ET 192 Replacement of Refrigeration Components 82 Overview ET 420 Ice Stores in Refrigeration 134 ET 422 Capacity Control and Faults in 84 Commissioning in Romania: Overview Overview 136 Refrigeration Systems ET 420 Ice Stores in Refrigeration COMPONENTS OF REFRIGERATION: ET 422 Capacity Control and Faults in Refrigeration Systems 86 ET 420 Ice Stores in Refrigeration 138 PIPING CODE PRODUCT PAGE Visit our website Overview Basic Knowledge – Piping 68 ET 460 Oil Return in Refrigeration Systems 70 9 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION BASIC KNOWLEDGE PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION Different types of cold production Compression refrigeration system Here we illustrate ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Cold gas refrigeration system (Stirling principle) different basic In an absorption system ammonia (NH3) is used as refrigerant. As in principles of a compression refrigeration system, liquid ammonia evaporates in an Absorption refrigeration system cold production. edvisaspoolvreadto irn awnadt etrh ienr eabny a basbosrobrebrs. Thheea ta. mTmheo nviaa psoorlouutios na ims hmeoanteiad irse ltehaesn- Thermoelectric cold production (Peltier element) ing vaporous ammonia. The ammonia vapour is condensed into liquid Vortex cold generator ammonia again in a condenser. To ensure a temperature difference between evaporation and condensa- tion, a pressure difference must be present. This difference is created by a pump for the solution or a so-called auxiliary gas (hydrogen H ). When COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 2 using the auxiliary gas, a pump can be omitted and the refrigerating machine does not have any moving parts. The supply of the drive energy The compression refrigeration system is used most With different pressures during evaporation and is purely thermal via a boiler. The boiler can be heated electrically or by frequently for cooling. It uses the effect that during condensing the temperature levels can be adjusted gas. The use of waste heat or solar energy is also possible. evaporation of a liquid a lot of heat is absorbed. When in such a way that heat is transported from the cold to condensing the vapour this heat is discharged again. the hot side. Because the refrigerant circulates in a closed circuit, this is called the refrigeration cycle. Instead of the piston compressor shown, screw, scroll, turbo or steam ammonia vapour liquid ammonia low concentration ammonia solution 1 4 jet compressors can also be used. high concentration ammonia solution hydrogen hydrogen and ammonia vapour 3 2 As refrigerant, liquids with a low boiling point, such as fluorinated hydrocarbons (FC), propane, CO or NH THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 2 3, are used. Thermoelectric refrigeration systems operate using the and heat, are easy to control and do not have any 5 Peltier effect. The principle of function corresponds to moving parts or liquid fillings. the reversal of the function of the thermocouple known from temperature measurements. A special semicon- In the most simple case a compression refrigeration system consists of an evaporator 2 in the room to be Cold side ductor material is used in the Peltier element. cooled 1, a compressor 3, a condenser 4 and an expansion element 5. Very low temperatures can be achieved, but the effi- ciency reduces greatly with increasing temperature COLD GAS REFRIGERATION SYSTEM difference. Hot Peltier elements are operated with direct current; the side The cold gas refrigeration system based on the Stirling principle is 6 direction of the current determines the direction of the used to generate very low temperatures. Areas of application are the heat transport. Therefore, Peltier elements can cool liquefaction of air or the cooling of infrared cameras. 1 7 VORTEX COLD GENERATOR The cold gas refrigeration system corresponds to the familiar Stirling 2 8 5 motor, but the direction of rotation is reversed. This reverses the cycle flow and the power generator becomes a work machine operating as The vortex cold generator is an extraordinary refriger- parts, no toxic working materials and does not require a heat pump. 3 4 ating machine. Here a cold and a hot air flow is gener- a power supply. The low efficiency is a disadvantage. ated from a compressed air flow at room temperature. The compressed air enters a vortex chamber tangen- tially and is moved into fast rotation. At the centre of The cold gas refrigeration system consists of an operating cylinder 6 and a displacement cylinder 7. the vortex a cold air flow forms, while the outer layer In the operating cylinder the operating gas (usually helium) is alternately compressed and expanded. of the vortex heats up. The cold air is extracted at the The compressed hot gas discharges its heat in the heat exchanger 4 . During the expansion the gas cools Cold air Hot air centre and can be used for cooling. down and absorbs on the cold side 2 of the displacement cylinder heat from the room to be cooled 1. Displacement pistons 8 and operating pistons 6 are moved via a crank drive 5 with offset phases. The benefit of this refrigerating machine is that it is The recuperator 3 increases the efficiency. of a very simple design, does not have any moving Compressed air 11 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:20) (cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87) (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:20) (cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87) (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) [1]fundamentals of refrigeration in a simplified model [2]typical compression refrigeration system with piston compressor, thermostatic expansion valve, evaporator and condenser (each in the shape of a pipe coil) [3]2 manometers with temperature scale for the refrigerant show the values of the refrigerant on the high and low pressure sides [4]2 water-filled tanks with thermometer to demonstrate the cooling and heating effect [5]pressure switch to protect the compressor [6]sight glass to monitor the aggregate state of the refrigerant [7]refrigerant R134a, CFC-free (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68) Compressor 1 main switch, 2 pressure switch, 3 evaporator with water tank, 4 compressor, -power consumption: 104W at 5/40°C 5 receiver, 6 thermometer, 7 condenser, 8 sight glass (refrigerant), 9 manometer, -refrigeration capacity: 278W at 5/40°C 10 expansion valve -displaced volume: 2,72cm³ Manometer with temperature scale for R134a -intake side (low pressure) pressure: -1...12,5bar temperature: -50...40°C -delivery side (high pressure) pressure: -1...25bar temperature: -40...80°C Thermometer: 2x -10...50°C (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) (condenser, hot water). A sight glass indicates the Tank: 4x 1700mL (cid:20) aggregate state of the refrigerant upstream of the (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3) expansion valve. (cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87) (cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:83) The well-structured instructional material sets out the (cid:20) fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide LxWxH: 750x360x690mm (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3) through the experiments. Weight: approx. 30kg (cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72) (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz/CSA, 1 phase (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86) (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) -fundamentals of a compression refrigeration circuit (cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92) The purpose of a refrigeration system is the cooling of materials and -key components of a refrigeration system Process schematic of the refrigration circuit: 1 compressor, 2 evaporator, 1 experimental unit, filled with refrigerant products, e.g. to protect food from spoiling. Cooling can be described as *compressor, evaporator, condenser, expansion 3p rreescseuirvee rs,w 4it ccho,n dPe pnrseesrs, u 5re expansion valve, 6 sight glass, 7 filter/drier; PSH 4 water tanks a process in which heat is removed from the environment. element 2 thermometers A commonly used refrigeration system is the so-called compression -relationship between the pressure and boiling 2 spoons refrigeration system. In this system refrigerant flows through four main point of a liquid 1 set of instructional material elements: compressor, condenser, expansion element and evaporator. -operation of a refrigeration system / heat pump The refrigeration system uses the fact that the refrigerant has a low -developing a basic understanding of the boiling point at low pressure. This means that evaporation takes place on thermodynamic cycle the low pressure side. During the evaporation of the refrigerant heat is -simple energy balance removed from the environment and it is cooled. The condensation takes place on the high pressure side after the evaporator. Here the heat is discharged into the environment. If not the cooling effect but the discharged heat is used, this is called a heat pump. The set-up of ET 101 represents a simple compression refrigeration system. Evaporator and condenser have been designed as a pipe coil with each end immersed in a water-filled tank. The water simulates the environment. A thermostatic expansion valve serves as expansion element. Two manometers indicate the two system pressures on the high and low pressure sides. On an additional scale on the manometer the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is indicated. Two thermometers measure the temperature of the water in the tanks. (cid:50)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:86) Cooling and heating using a heat pump This allows for calculations of the amount of heat removed from the 1 environment, 2 absorbed heat, 3 heat pump, 4 discharged heat, 5 electric 061.10100 ET 101 Simple Compression environment (evaporator, cold water) and added to the environment energy Refrigeration Circuit (cid:21)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:17)(cid:56)(cid:17)(cid:49)(cid:17)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:108)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:43), P.O.Box 1125, D-22885 Barsbüttel, t +49 (40)67 08 54-0, f +49 (40)67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected] (cid:21)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:17)(cid:56)(cid:17)(cid:49)(cid:17)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:108)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:43), P.O.Box 1125, D-22885 Barsbüttel, t +49 (40)67 08 54-0, f +49 (40)67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected] We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. (cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:17)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:95)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:21)(cid:72)(cid:17)(cid:71)(cid:72) We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. (cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:17)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:95)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:21)(cid:72)(cid:17)(cid:71)(cid:72) 13 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:71) (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:71) (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) ET 400 examines a refrigeration circuit under an [1] investigation of a refrigeration circuit with water adjustable load. The refrigeration circuit consists of a circuit as load compressor, a condenser with fan, a thermostatic [2] refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser expansion valve and a coaxial coil heat exchanger as with fan, thermostatic expansion valve and coaxial coil evaporator. A water circuit serves as load, consisting heat exchanger as evaporator of a tank with a heater and a pump. The temperature [3] water circuit with pump, tank with heater as cooling in the tank is adjusted at a controller. load at the evaporator The purpose of this refrigeration circuit is the [4] heater with controller to adjust the tank temperature production of cold water. The water flows through the [5] record of all relevant measured values and display jacket of the coaxial coil heat exchanger, transfers directly at the location of measurement heat to the refrigerant and thereby cools down. [6] GUNT software for data acquisition via USB under All relevant measured values are recorded by Windows Vista or Windows 7 sensors. Displays at the respective locations of [7] refrigerant R134a, CFC-free measurement indicate the measured values. This makes it easy to assign the measured values to the process. The simultaneous transmission of the (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68) measured values to a data recording software enables Compressor easy analysis and the representation of the process in the log p-h diagram. The software also displays the 1 expansion valve, 2 condenser with fan, 3 pressure sensor, 4 process schematic, -refrigeration capacity: approx. 380W at 5/40°C 5 pressure switch, 6 compressor, 7 pump, 8 heater controller, 9 warm water tank Evaporator key characteristic variables of the process, such as the with heater, 10 evaporator -refrigerant volume: 0,4L compressor pressure ratio and the coefficient of -water volume: 0,8L performance. Condenser The clearly arranged components aid understanding. -transfer area: approx. 0,175m² The well-structured instructional material sets out the -fan power consumption: 2x 29W fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide Pump through the experiments. -max. flow rate: 1,9m³/h -max. head: 1,4m Tank (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86) -volume: approx. 4,5L -design and components of a refrigeration system -heater: approx. 450W * compressor * condenser Measuring ranges * thermostatic expansion valve -pressure: 2x -1...15bar * evaporator -compressor power: 1x 0...750W * pressure switch -temperature: 6x 0...100°C -representation of the thermodynamic cycle in the -flow rate (water): 1x 0,05...1,8L/min log p-h diagram -determination of important characteristic variables * coefficient of performance 1 compressor, 2 pump, 3 warm water tank with heater, 4 evaporator, (cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87) (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:71) * refrigeration capacity 5 expansion valve, 6 condenser; T temperature, P pressure, F flow rate, LxWxH: 1400x560x1800mm (cid:20) * compressor work TIC temperature controller, PSH, PSL pressure switch; blue-red: refrigeration Weight: approx. 120kg (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3) circuit, green: water circuit -operating behaviour under load (cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72) (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) (cid:20) 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz/CSA, 1 phase (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73) (cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87) (cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92) 1 trainer 1 GUNT software CD + USB cable 1 set of instructional material (cid:50)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:86) Software screenshot: log p-h diagram 061.40000 ET 400 Refrigeration Circuit with Variable Load G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. 15 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:38) (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3) (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:38) (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3) (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) [1]investigation of a refrigeration system with different expansion elements [2]refrigeration circuit consisting of a hermetic compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion element [3]transparent finned tube heat exchangers as condenser and evaporator to observe the phase transitions of the refrigerant [4]expansion valve and capillary tubes of different lengths as expansion elements [5]receiver for underfilling/overfilling the system with refrigerant [6]sensors record pressure and temperature [7]compressor equipped with two pressure switches [8]GUNT software for data acquisition via USB under Windows Vista or Windows 7 [9]refrigerant R134a, CFC-free 1 evaporator, 2 displays and controls, 3 suction line receiver, 4 reservoir, 5 compressor, 6 receiver, 7 compressor pressure switch, 8 manometer, 9 refrigerant flow meter, 10 condenser, 11 filter/drier, 12 expansion valve, 13 capillary tube (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68) Compressor -power consumption: 213W at 7,2°/32°C -refrigeration capacity: 372W at 7,2/32°C Condenser and evaporator with fan -max. volumetric air flow rate condenser: 300m³/h -max. volumetric air flow rate evaporator: 180m³/h Capillary tubes: 1,5m, 3m, 6m Receiver for refrigerant: 1,3L (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3) Measuring ranges (cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85) (cid:20) (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86) -pressure: -1...9bar / -1...24bar (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:20) -function and operational behaviour of the -temperature: 4x -40...150°C, 1x -100...100°C (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:18)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75) refrigeration circuit components -flow rate: 2...18m³/h -operation with expansion valve or with capillary -electric power consumption: 0...1000W (cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87) tubes of different lengths -underfilling or overfilling with refrigerant (cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87) -thermodynamic cycle in the log p-h diagram (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) -from the log p-h diagram and in comparison 1 capillary tube, 2 expansion valve, 3 evaporator, 4 suction line receiver, LxWxH: 1740x800x1780mm The set-up of ET 411C represents a typical refrigeration circuit with the measured values 5 compressor, 6 condenser, 7 receiver, 8 reservoir; T temperature, Weight: approx. 160kg P pressure, F flow rate, PSH, PSL pressure switch consisting of a hermetic compressor, condenser, evaporator and *determination of the refrigeration capacity (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) expansion element. Evaporator and condenser are designed as finned *determination of the coefficient of performance 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz/CSA, 1 phase tube heat exchangers. The pipes of both heat exchangers are partially *determination of the efficiency of the compressor transparent to visualise the process of the phase transition during (cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92) evaporation and condensing. Three capillary tubes of different lengths 1 trainer and a thermostatic expansion valve can be compared as expansion 1 GUNT software CD + USB cable elements. 1 set of instructional material The trainer is equipped with a receiver for refrigerant. Using the receiver, refrigerant can be added to or removed from the refrigeration circuit. This allows for the effects of overfilling or underfilling of the system to be examined. The flow rate of the refrigerant is read from a flow meter. Temperature and pressure in the refrigeration circuit and the electrical power consumption of the compressor are recorded by sensors. The measured values can be read on digital displays. At the same time, the measured values can also be transmitted directly to a PC via USB. The data acquisition software is included. Parameter changes in the refrigeration circuit can be viewed dynamically in the software's log p-h diagram. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments. (cid:50)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:86) Software screenshot: log p-h diagram 061.411C0 ET 411C Compression Refrigeration System G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. 17 REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES OF COLD PRODUCTION (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:24)(cid:21) (cid:57)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) (cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:24)(cid:21) (cid:57)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) (cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) [1] investigation of a vapour jet compressor [2] refrigeration circuit with condenser, evaporator and vapour jet compressor for refrigerant [3] vapour circuit with pump and vapour generator for operating the vapour jet compressor [4] transparent tank with water-cooled pipe coil as condenser [5] transparent tank with adjustable heater as evaporator [6] flooded evaporator with float valve as expansion element [7] vapour generator with electrically heated water jacket [8] measurement of amperage and voltage to determine the power at the evaporator [9] refrigerant Solkatherm SES36, CFC-free 1 manometer, 2 pressure switch, 3 displays and controls, 4 vapour generator, 5 evaporator, 6 pump, 7 cooling water connections, 8 flow meter, 9 condenser, (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68) 10 vapour jet compressor Vapour jet compressor -d convergent-divergent nozzle: min approx. 1,7mm -d mixing jet: approx. 7mm min PSH Condenser -tank: approx. 3,5L PSL -pipe coil area: approx. 0,17m² 7 Evaporator 6 -tank: approx. 3,5L 4 (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:85) The well-structured instructional material sets out the -heater power: 4x 125W (cid:20) fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide Vapour generator (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87) 5 (cid:20) through the experiments. el. -refrigerant tank: approx. 0,75L (cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85) 1 el. F --wheaateter rj apcokweet:r :a 2pkpWrox. 9L (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86) Pump E 3 (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) -understanding compression refrigeration systems 2 -max. flow rate: approx. 1,7L/min based on the vapour jet method -max. head: approx. 70mWS Unlike standard compression refrigeration systems, vapour jet -clockwise and anticlockwise Rankine cycle refrigerating machines do not have a mechanical but a vapour jet -energy balances Measuring ranges compressor. This makes it possible to use different heat sources for cold -calculation of the coefficient of performance of the 1 vapour generator, 2 pump, 3 cooling water connections, 4 condenser, 5 float -current: 0...2,5A production. Such sources could e.g. be solar energy or process waste refrigeration circuit valve, 6 evaporator, 7 vapour jet compressor; T temperature, P pressure, -voltage: 0...230VAC heat. PSL, PSH pressure switch, F flow rate, E voltage and amperage -thermodynamic cycle in the log p-h diagram -temperature: 10x -20...200°C The system includes two refrigerant circuits: one circuit is used for cold -operating behaviour under load -pressure: 2x 0...10bar / 2x -1...1,5bar production (refrigeration cycle), the other circuit is used for the -flow rate (cooling water): 6...75g/s generation of motive vapour (vapour cycle). The vapour jet compressor compresses the refrigerant vapour and transports it to the condenser. A transparent tank with a water-cooled (cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87) pipe coil serves as condenser. LxWxH: 1300x460x1200mm In the refrigeration cycle some of the condensed refrigerant flows into Weight: approx. 170kg the evaporator connected to the intake side of the vapour jet compressor. (cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) The evaporator is a so-called flooded evaporator where a float valve keeps the filling level constant. The refrigerant absorbs the ambient heat 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or the heat from the heater and evaporates. The refrigerant vapour is Water connection aspirated by the vapour jet compressor and compressed again. In the vapour cycle a pump transports the other part of the condensate p1 (cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92) into a vapour generator. An electrically heated tank with water jacket 1 experimental unit evaporates the refrigerant. The generated refrigerant vapour drives the 1 hose vapour jet compressor. 4kg refrigerant Solkatherm SES36 All relevant measured values, such as temperature and pressures, are 1 funnel measured and displayed in the experimental unit. The heater power at 1 set of instructional material the evaporator is adjustable. The cooling water flow rate at the log p-h diagram: A refrigeration cycle, B vapour cycle, p1pressure in the (cid:50)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:86) condenser is adjusted using a valve. evaporator, p pressure in the condenser, p pressure in the vapour generator 2 3 061.35200 ET 352 Vapour Jet Compressor in Refrigeration Engineering G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications. 19