REFORMS, ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE and PERFORMANCE in HIGHER EDUCATION A Comparative Account from the Nordic Countries Edited by Rómulo Pinheiro, Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen, Kirsi Pulkkinen Reforms, Organizational Change and Performance in Higher Education Rómulo Pinheiro • Lars Geschwind Hanne Foss Hansen • Kirsi Pulkkinen Editors Reforms, Organizational Change and Performance in Higher Education A Comparative Account from the Nordic Countries BUTUH LENGKAP HUB [email protected] Editors Rómulo Pinheiro Lars Geschwind Department of Political Science & School of Industrial Engineering and Management Management University of Agder KTH Royal Institute of Technology Kristiansand, Norway Stockholm, Sweden Hanne Foss Hansen Kirsi Pulkkinen Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences University of Copenhagen University of Lapland Copenhagen, Denmark Rovaniemi, Finland ISBN 978-3-030-11737-5 ISBN 978-3-030-11738-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11738-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019935186 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This book is an open access publication Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover illustration: Björn Forenius / Getty Images This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland For our dear colleague Helge Hernes (18.03.1946–06.09.2018), in memoriam A cknowledgement The data presented in the current volume and individual chapters emanate from a comparative study funded by the Norwegian Research Council under its FINNUT flagship program, a long-term program for research and innovation in the educational sector program. The project number was 237782, and the project was titled ‘Does it matter? Assessing the per- formance effects of changes in leadership and management structures in Nordic Higher Education’. vii c ontents Part I Setting the Stage 1 1 Does It Really Matter? Assessing the Performance Effects of Changes in Leadership and Management Structures in Nordic Higher Education 3 Kirsi Pulkkinen, Timo Aarrevaara, Laila Nordstrand Berg, Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen, Helge Hernes, Jussi Kivistö, Jonas Krog Lind, Anu Lyytinen, Elias Pekkola, Rómulo Pinheiro, Bjørn Stensaker, and Johan Söderlind 2 Performance in Higher Education Institutions and Its Variations in Nordic Policy 37 Jussi Kivistö, Elias Pekkola, Laila Nordstrand Berg, Hanne Foss Hansen, Lars Geschwind, and Anu Lyytinen 3 Nordic Higher Education in Flux: System Evolution and Reform Trajectories 69 Rómulo Pinheiro, Timo Aarrevaara, Laila Nordstrand Berg, Tatiana Fumasoli, Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen, Helge Hernes, Jussi Kivistö, Jonas Krog Lind, Anu Lyytinen, Elias Pekkola, Kirsi Pulkkinen, Bjørn Stensaker, and Johan Söderlind ix x CONTENTS Part II Cross Cutting Themes 109 4 National Performance-Based Research Funding Systems: Constructing Local Perceptions of Research? 111 Johan Söderlind, Laila Nordstrand Berg, Jonas Krog Lind, and Kirsi Pulkkinen 5 External Research Funding and Authority Relations 145 Jonas Krog Lind, Helge Hernes, Kirsi Pulkkinen, and Johan Söderlind 6 The Changing Roles of Academic Leaders: Decision- Making, Power, and Performance 181 Lars Geschwind, Timo Aarrevaara, Laila Nordstrand Berg, and Jonas Krog Lind 7 Strategy as Dialogue and Engagement 211 Timo Aarrevaara, Rómulo Pinheiro, and Johan Söderlind 8 Evaluation Practices and Impact: Overload? 235 Hanne Foss Hansen, Timo Aarrevaara, Lars Geschwind, and Bjørn Stensaker Part III Taking Stock and Moving Forward 267 9 Governing Performance in the Nordic Universities: Where Are We Heading and What Have We Learned? 269 Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen, Rómulo Pinheiro, and Kirsi Pulkkinen Appendix A: FINNUT Interview Guide English 301 Appendix B: FINNUT Survey Questions 311 Index 321 n c otes on ontributors Timo Aarrevaara is Professor of Public Management at the University of Lapland and has professional experience in public administration as well as in research and teaching. Aarrevaara has participated in and conducted several evaluating and auditing projects, and has acted as the principal investigator for a number of projects in higher education. Aarrevaara has strong international higher education research links and is a co-editor of Springer’s ‘The Changing Academy’ Series and author and co-author of several papers and book chapters. Laila Nordstrand Berg has a PhD in public policy and administration from the University of Bergen, Norway. She is working as an associate professor at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. She is also an associate member of the Governance and Leadership in the Public Sector (GOLEP) research group at the University of Agder in Norway. She is doing research on management of universities and hospitals from public and private sector in a comparative perspective. Laila’s interests are related to the intersection between public policy and administration, organisa- tional studies, reforms, management and the influence of the market on management of the institutions from private and public sectors. Tatiana Fumasoli is Associate Professor of Higher Education Studies at the University College London (UCL) Institute of Education (London, UK). She holds a PhD from the University of Lugano (Switzerland, 2011) with a thesis on university strategic management. She was before at ARENA Centre for European Studies and at the Department of Education at the University of Oslo, where she coordinated an i nternational project xi xii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS comparing university managing practices across the continent. Her research interests lie at the intersection of management studies, organisa- tion theory and sociology of professions and expertise. She has published with Higher Education, Higher Education Policy, Minerva and Studies in Higher Education, amongst others. Tatiana is co-editor of Higher Education Quarterly and is a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals on higher education studies. Lars  Geschwind is Professor of Engineering Education Policy and Management and coordinator of the research group HEOS (Higher Education Organization Studies at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden). His main research interests are higher education policy, institu- tional governance, academic leadership and management and academic work. He is involved in a number of projects focusing on change processes in higher education institutions, including, for example, governance and steering, quality assurance, academic careers and partnership with indus- try. Most studies include a comparative component and a historical per- spective. He has published various scientific books, peer-reviewed journal articles and chapters in anthologies. Lars has professional experience from working on higher education and research from government agencies, pri- vate institutions and international consultancy. He has also worked as a researcher and senior lecturer at three different Swedish universities before joining KTH. Lars holds a PhD degree in history, a master of arts degree and a teacher training certificate (upper secondary school), all from Uppsala University. Hanne  Foss  Hansen is Professor of Public Administration and Organisation at the Department of Political Science, the University of Copenhagen. Her main interests are public organisation and manage- ment, public sector reform, evaluation, evidence-based policy and prac- tice, and higher education and research policy. Her recent publications include articles in American Journal of Evaluation, Evaluation, European Journal of Higher Education, Science and Public Policy and Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration as well as contributions to edited vol- umes published at Sage, Springer, Edward Elgar, Palgrave and Routledge. Helge Hernes (1946–2018) was Emeritus Associate Professor of Public Administration at the University of Agder, Norway. Hernes holds a PhD from the Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen. He taught organisa- tion theory and organisation behaviour, specialising in organisational bot-