Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Jeff Eickhoff Vice President of Sales & Marketing, HMT Inc. Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Presentation Overview • Tank Emissions Mechanisms • Tank & Floating Roof Types – And their impacts on emissions • Design Strategies for Low Emissions – (Floating roof tank options) • Other Minor Strategies Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Operational Performance Factors • Working Capacity • Heel Reduction • Safety • Accessibility • Fire Protection • Maintenance (painting, drains, water removal, snow, etc.) • Durability & Useful Life • Installation (ease, speed, cost) • Ease of Cleaning and Inspection • Initial Cost (project cost and cost per barrel of capacity) Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Regulatory Considerations • These are general The ever-changing regulatory world design concepts (chart already obsolete…for illustration purposes only) presented here • Your regulations and specific situation may vary • Check with your environmental group to verify requirements * Chart courtesy of Rob Ferry, the TGB Partnership Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance 1 Tank Emissions Mechanisms Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Mechanisms for Evaporative Loss • Working (or “filling”) losses – Cone Roof Tanks INFLUENCED BY •Average temp •Temperature changes •Tank cycle frequency •Vapor pressure •Tank diameter and height •Tank color Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Mechanisms for Evaporative Loss, continued • Withdrawal losses – Floating Roof Tanks INFLUENCED BY •Tank cycle frequency •Tank shell condition •Viscosity / clingage factors •Floating roof seals •Tank diameter and height Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Mechanisms for Evaporative Loss, continued • Breathing losses – Cone Roof Tanks INFLUENCED BY •Average temp •Temperature changes (especially from sunshine and cloud patterns) •Vapor pressure •Tank diameter and height •Tank color Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Mechanisms for Evaporative Loss, continued • Standing losses – Floating Roof Tanks – From rim seals, deck appurtenances and deck seams INFLUENCED BY •Average wind speed (for EFRTs) •Average temp •Temperature changes •Vapor pressure •Fixed roof (IFRT) vs. none (EFRT) •Floating roof type •Deck penetrations •Floating roof seals •Tank color Reducing Storage Tank Emissions Without Compromising Operational Performance Where can we make an impact? Working losses Breathing losses Withdrawal losses Standing losses