RECONSTRUCTION & THE NEW SOUTH 1865-1900 A15QW | 10.12.3 Guiding Questions • How did the Civil War & Reconstruction change the United States politically, socially and economically? ► Some historians have called Reconstruction a “Glorious Failure”? How accurate is this description? Key Questions 4. What branch 1. How to of government bring the South should control back into the the process of Union? Reconstruction? 2. How to 3. How to rebuild the South integrate and after its protect newly- destruction emancipated during the war? black freedmen? Stages of Reconstruction 1. Presidential Reconstruction (1863-1866) 2. Congressional (or Radical) Reconstruction (1867-1877) 3. Redemption (1877-1900) (creation of the “New South”) PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 1863-1866 PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION ● Lincoln’s 10% Plan: TN, LA, AR ● Radical Republicans ● Thaddeus Stevens (Rep.- PA) ● Charles Sumner (Sen.- Mass) Thaddeus Stevens ● Wade-Davis Bill (1864) ● 13th Amendment (1865) ● Freedmen’s Bureau ● 14th Amendment (1868) ● Lincoln’s Assassination Charles Sumner PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION: Assisting Former Slaves ● Thirteenth Amendment (Ratified Dec. 1865) “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” “Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION • Lincoln’s Assassination (April 14, 1865) • John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theatre, April 1865 John Wilkes Booth (1862) PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION • Andrew Johnson • Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan: 1) Amnesty upon simple oath • Exceptions: Confederate government officials, military officers & those with property over $20,000. • Pardons 2) New state constitutions - repudiate Slavery, Secession, and Confederate debts. Process: Provisional governors, elections for constitutional conventions. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION • Issues : • Pardons (over 13,500). • Former Confederates elected to state positions and Congress (Stephens) • Black Codes • Race riots Memphis – (May New Orleans 1866), (August 1866) – 14th Amendment • Public Reaction in North? ● Election of 1866: Republicans 3-1 majorities in both houses and control of every northern state. ● Backlash against Johnson & new southern state gov’ts