1 2 3 4 ReconnectingwithJohnMuir 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [Firs 12 [-1], 13 14 15 Line 16 —— 17 * 451 18 —— 19 Norm 20 * PgEn 21 22 23 [-1], 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 This page intentionally left blank 1 2 3 4 Reconnecting with John Muir 5 6 7 8 essays in post-pastoral practice 9 10 (cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) 11 12 [-3], 13 14 15 Terry Gifford Line 16 —— 17 * 265 18 —— 19 Norm 20 * PgEn 21 22 23 [-3], 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 the university of georgia press 38 39 AthensandLondon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ExtensivequotesfromIanMarshall’sbooksStoryLineand 9 PeakExperiencesinchapter7appearcourtesyofIanMarshall; 10 DavidCraig’spoem“IntotheRock,”onpage163,appears courtesyofDavidCraig.Acknowledgmentsforother 11 previouslypublishedmaterialappearonpageix. 12 13 ©2006bytheUniversityofGeorgiaPress [-4], Athens,Georgia30602 14 Allrightsreserved 15 SetinPalatinobyBookComp Line 16 PrintedandboundbyThomson-Shore —— 17 Thepaperinthisbookmeetstheguidelinesfor 1.42 18 permanenceanddurabilityoftheCommitteeon ProductionGuidelinesforBookLongevityofthe —— 19 CouncilonLibraryResources. Norm 20 * PgEn 21 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 09 08 07 06 c 5 4 3 2 1 22 23 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData [-4], 24 Gifford,Terry. 25 ReconnectingwithJohnMuir:essaysinpost-pastoral 26 practice/TerryGifford. 27 p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindex. 28 isbn-13:978-0-8203-2796-9(alk.paper) 29 isbn-10:0-8203-2796-4(alk.paper) 30 1.Americanliterature—20thcentury—Historyandcriticism. 31 2.Natureinliterature. 3.Environmentalism—United 32 States—History—20thcentury. 4.Muir,John, 1838–1914—Appreciation—UnitedStates. 33 5.Pastoralliterature,American—Historyandcriticism. 34 6.Muir,John,1838–1914—Influence. 35 7.Mountaineeringinliterature. 8.Ecocriticism. 36 I.Title. 37 ps228.n39g542006 38 810.9'36—dc22 2005020763 39 BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataavailable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Formywife,GillRound, 9 reconnector 10 11 12 [-5], 13 14 15 Line 16 —— 17 * 387 18 —— 19 Norm 20 * PgEn 21 22 23 [-5], 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 This page intentionally left blank 1 2 3 Contents 4 5 6 7 8 Acknowledgments ix 9 to john muir from lake tenaya 1 10 11 1.KeepingFaithwiththeSource 3 [Firs 12 to john muir from the rim of nevada falls 17 [-7], 13 2.MuirasPractitionerofthePost-Pastoral 19 14 15 to john muir from mono lake 37 Line 16 3.Muir’sMultipleDiscourses 39 —— 17 -3.4 18 to john muir from lake tahoe 55 —— 19 4.TeachingEnvironmentalismthroughWriting 57 Norm 20 PgEn 21 to john muir from the trail to mirror lake 73 22 5.Muir’sModeofReadingJohnRuskin 75 23 [-7], 24 to john muir from camp four 87 25 6.RickBass’sFiberasaPost-PastoralGeorgic 89 26 to john muir from tuolumne meadows 103 27 28 7.WalkingintoNarrativeScholarship 105 29 to john muir from fairview dome 119 30 8.TeachingPost-PastoralPoetryofLandscape 121 31 32 to john muir from mount hoffman 131 33 9.TestsofCharacterinColdMountain 133 34 35 to john muir from cathedral peak 141 36 10.Muir’sFourfoldConceptoftheMountaineer 143 37 38 to john muir from glacier point apron 153 39 11.TowardaPost-PastoralMountaineeringLiterature 155 viii Contents 1 to john muir from the royal arches 169 2 12.Post-PastoralPracticeattheCrossroadsofEcocriticism 171 3 4 to john muir from half dome 177 5 AppendixA.IntroducingEcocriticismintotheUniversityCurriculum 179 6 7 AppendixB.Twenty-fiveKindsofPost-PastoralLandscapePoem 181 8 AppendixC.AdviceforNewWritersTargetingOutdoorMagazines 183 9 10 Bibliography 187 11 Index 195 12 [-8], 13 14 15 Line 16 —— 17 * 354 18 —— 19 Norm 20 * PgEn 21 22 23 [-8], 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 1 2 3 4 Acknowledgments 5 6 7 8 This bookhashadalongevolutionsinceeditorandpoetBarbaraRasfirst 9 challengedmetowriteitfortheUniversityofGeorgiaPressduringaCom- 10 munityandEnvironmentconferenceattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.I 11 hopetheenvironmentsthatinspireditaresufficientlyacknowledgedinthe 12 text,butthereisawonderfulcommunityoffriendsandscholarstothank [-9], 13 hereforbeingequallyinspiringandchallenging. 14 FirstIwouldliketoacknowledgetheeditorsandpublishers,sinceearlier 15 versionsofsomepartsofchaptershaveappearedasfollows:Chapter2,in Line 16 myintroductiontoJohnMuir:TheEightWilderness-DiscoveryBooks(Seattle: —— 17 The Mountaineers; London: Diadem, 1992). Chapter 4, inEnglish in Edu- 0.0p 18 cation 36, no. 3 (Autumn 2002); another version of this chapter was pub- —— 19 lishedinHalCrimmel,ed.,TeachingintheField(SaltLakeCity:University Norm 20 ofUtahPress,2003).Chapter5,inSallyM.Miller,ed.,JohnMuirinHistorical PgEn 21 Perspective (New York: Peter Lang, 1999). Chapter 6, in O. Alan Weltzien, 22 ed.,TheLiteraryArtandActivismofRickBass(SaltLakeCity:Universityof 23 UtahPress,2001).Chapter9,intheMississippiQuarterly 55,no.1(Winter [-9], 24 2001–2).Chapter10,intheAlpineJournal 107(2002)andexcerptsintheJohn 25 MuirNewsletter12,no.4(Fall2002). 26 Second,thereareanumberofpeoplewhohavecontributedtothisbook 27 inarichvarietyofways.IthankagaintheGiacominofamilyforproviding 28 mewithsomuchmorethanahomefromwhichtofirstresearchJohnMuir 29 inCalifornia.Iespeciallywanttocelebratethecharacteristickindnessofthe 30 lateJillForrestGiacominowhosememorywilllongbecherishedbyallwho 31 knewher.Ialsosmileoftenatthememoryofthelateandmuchlamented 32 Fred Rue Jacobs who hosted me so warmly for research in the Hunting- 33 ton Library and the wilds of Bakersfield, California. I would also like to 34 acknowledgeKenWilsonofDiademandBâtonWicksforenthusiastically 35 agreeing to publish the two John Muir omnibus editions; conversations 36 withMichaelP.Branch,LouiseWestling,MichaelP.Cohen,PatrickD.Mur- 37 phy,ScottSlovic,LeoMarx,RichardKerridge,GregGarrard,JulianCooper, 38 Norman Elliott, Philip Butterworth; the organizers of conferences where 39 earlierversionsofsomeofthesechapterswerefirstpresented—RuthBlair, ix