Reconceptualizing Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First Century 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb ii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Series Editor: Jonathan D. Rosen Countries throughout the Americas face many challenges in the 21st century such as drug trafficking, organized crime, environmental degradation, guer- rilla movements, and terrorism, among many other major threats. Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First Century will feature contributions on topics focusing on security issues in specific countries or regions within the Americas. We are interested in approaching this topic from a political sci- ence and international relations perspective. However, we invite manuscript submissions from other disciplines. The aim of this series is to highlight the major security challenges in the 21st century and contribute to the security studies literature. We invite both policy-oriented and theoretical submissions. Recent Titles Cooperation and Drug Policies in the Americas: Trends in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Roberto Zepeda and Jonathan D. Rosen Reconceptualizing Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Bruce M. Bagley, Jonathan D. Rosen, and Hanna S. Kassab 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb iiii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM Reconceptualizing Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First Century Edited by Bruce M. Bagley, Jonathan D. Rosen, and Hanna S. Kassab LEXINGTON BOOKS Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb iiiiii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM Published by Lexington Books An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB Copyright © 2015 by Lexington Books All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reconceptualizing security in the Americas in the twenty-first century / edited by Bruce M. Bagley, Jonathan D. Rosen, and Hanna Samir Kassab. pages cm. — (Security in the Americas in the twenty-first century) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7391-9485-0 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0-7391-9486-7 (electronic) 1. Security, International—Latin America. 2. Internal security—Latin America. 3. Human security—Latin America. 4. Insurgency—Latin America. 5. Organized crime—Latin America. 6. Drug-trafficking—Latin America. I. Bagley, Bruce Michael, editor of compilation. II. Rosen, Jonathan D., editor of compilation. III. Kassab, Hanna Samir, 1984- editor of compilation. JZ6009.L29R44 2015 355'.03308—dc23 2014046749 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb iivv 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Bruce M. Bagley, Jonathan D. Rosen, and Hanna S. Kassab SECTION I: RECONCEPTUALIZING SECURITY 1 The Hemisphere and Declining U.S. Hegemony 3 Hanna S. Kassab 2 Reconceptualizing Security Priorities of the Hemisphere 25 Hanna S. Kassab 3 Desecuritization in Theory and Praxis: Reestablishing Priorities of the Hemisphere 43 Alberto Lozano-Vázquez SECTION II: TERRORISM, INSURGENCY AND CHALLENGES TO THE STATE 4 In the Name of Vindice: Latin America’s “Endemic Pattern” of Violence, A Conceptual Analysis 63 Bradford R. McGuinn 5 Colombia: Prospects for Peace in the 21st Century: Past Failures, Present Challenges, and Future Opportunities 85 Lilian Yaffe v 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb vv 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM vi Contents 6 Violence in Mexico: In Search of an Explanation 103 Jorge Chabat SECTION III: DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME 7 From Drug Cartels to Predatory Micro Networks: The “New” Face of Organized Crime in Latin America 117 Juan Carlos Garzón Vergara 8 Venezuela: Trends in Organized Crime 133 Joseph M. Humire 9 The Slog: Colombia’s Endless Battle Against the Illegal Drug Trade 147 Adam Isacson 10 A “Full-Cycle-Country”: How Argentina’s New Role Within the Political Economy of Illicit Drugs is Transforming the Structure of Organized Crime 165 Sebastían A. Cutrona 11 The Evolution of Peru’s Shining Path and the New Security Priorities in the Hemisphere 189 Barnett S. Koven and Cynthia McClintock SECTION IV: THE NEW SECURITY AGENDA 12 The Rise of China in the Americas 215 R. Evan Ellis 13 Development and Inequality in the Americas 235 Alí R. Bustamante 14 Resource Security in the Americas and Beyond 251 Rémi B. Piet 15 Health Security Challenges in the Americas: Newly Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 265 Sherri L. Porcelain 16 Ecosecurity and Climate Change Vulnerabilities in Central America 287 Daniel Suman 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb vvii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM Contents vii 17 Collateral Effects of Migration in the Americas: Security Implications 305 Roberto Zepeda Martínez Conclusion 323 Bruce M. Bagley, Hanna S. Kassab, and Jonathan D. Rosen Selected Bibliography 329 Index 337 About the Editors and Contributors 341 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb vviiii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb vviiiiii 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM Acknowledgments We would like to thank Justin Race of Lexington Books for this wonderful opportunity. In addition, we are gratefully indebted to the staff and editors at Lexington Books for their hard work and dedication. We also want to thank our respective institutions: the University of Miami (Bruce M. Bagley and Hanna S. Kassab) and the Universidad del Mar (Jona- than D. Rosen). A special thanks to the Department of International Studies at UM and the Institute of International Studies at UMAR. Finally, thanks to all the authors for their hard work and dedication. ix 1144__551166--BBaagglleeyy..iinnddbb iixx 11//2299//1155 1111::4499 AAMM