RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM VOLUME 3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN Edited by MARC GALANTER Alberl Einslein College of Medicine Bronx, New York Associate Editors HENRI BEGLEITER, RICHARD DEITRICH, DONALD GOODWIN, EDWARD GOTTHEIL, ALFONSO PAREDES, MARCUS ROTHSCHILD, and DA VID VAN THEIL Editorial Assistant VIRGINIA PRIVIT AR An Official Publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism. This series was founded by the National Council on Alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM VOLUME 3 High-Risk Studies Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes Cardiovascular Effects Cerebral Function in Social Drinkers PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-7717-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-7715-7 001: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7715-7 © 1985 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1985 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Editorial Board American Medical Society on Alcoholism Chairman: Charles S. Lieber, M.D. President: Burton M. Altura, Ph.D. Irvin L. Blose, M.D. V. Adm. Willard P. Arentzen, M.e., Vice President: U.S.N. Max A. Schneider, M.D. Herbert Barry III, Ph.D. Treasurer: Henri Begleiter, M.D., Ph.D. Percy E. Ryberg, M.D. Floyd E. Bloom, M.D. Secretary: Irvm L. Blose, M.D. Jasper G. Chen See, M.D. Sheila B. Blume, M.D. Immeaiate Past President: Bernice E. Coleman, M.D. LeClair Bissell, M.D. Paul Cushman, M.D. Executive Committee: Richard A. Deitrich, Ph.D. Margaret Bean, M.D. Richard L. Douglass, M.P.H., Ph.D. Marvin A. Block, M.D. Louis Faillace, M.D. Sheila B. Blume, M.D. Vernelle Fox, M.D. Luther A. Cloud, M.D. Richard Fuller, M.D. Ruth Fox, M.D. (Life Member) Donald M. Gallant, M.D. Stanley E. Gitlow, M.D. Stanley E. Gitlow, M.D. Charles S. Lieber, M.D. Dora Goldstein, M.D. Ernest P. Noble, M.D., Ph.D. Donald W. Goodwin, M.D. Frank A. Seixas, M.D. Robert R. J. Hilker, M.D. Maxwell N. Weisman, M.D. Paula L. Hoffmann, Ph.D. Kenneth H. Williams, M.D. Yedy Israel, Ph.D. Joseph J. Zuska, M.D. George Jacobson, Ph.D. Charfes Kaelber, M.D. Robert Landeen, M.D. Research Society on Alcoholism Ting-Kai Li, M.D. Albert B. Lowenfels, M.D. President: Peter E. Nathan, Ph.D. Boris Tabakoff, Ph.D. Donald J. Ottenberg, M.D. Vice President: Alex D. Pokorny, M.D. Ting-Kai Li, M.D. Joseph A. Pursch, M.D., U.S.N. Secretary: Steven Schenker, M.D. Marc Galanter, M.D. Patricia B. Sutker, Ph.D. Treasurer: George Vaillant, M.D. Henri Begleiter, M.D., Ph.D. David Van Thiel, M.D. Immediate Past President: Maxwell N. Weisman, M.D. Richard A. Deitrich, Ph.D. Joseph Westermeyer, M.D. Shefdon Zimberg, M.D. Contributors Erik Anggard, Department of Experimental Alcohol and Drug Addiction Re search, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Hans Bergman, Department of Clinical Alcohol and Drug Research, Karolin ska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Michael Bohman, Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden Jason Brandt, Psychology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Bal timore, Maryland 21218 Jacob A. Brody, Epidemiology, Demography and Biochemistry Program, Na tional Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Mary land 20205 Annette M. Butler, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stock ton, California 95211 Charles P. Butler, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211 Nelson Butters, Psychology Service, San Diego VA Medical Center and Psy chiatry Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92161 Leslie Ann Cala, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, The Queen Elizabeth II Med ical Center, Medlands, Western Australia 6009 Jane A. Cauley, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 C. Robert Cloninger, Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University Medical School and Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63178 Allan C. Collins, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 vii viii Contributors Carol Lynn Day, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211 Katherine M. Flegal, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 William F. Gabrielli, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66103 Judith S. Gavaler, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Donald W. Goodwin, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Med ical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66103 Roseann Hannon, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stock ton, California 95211 Michie N. Hesselbrock, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 Victor M. Hesselbrock, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 Shirley Y. Hill, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pitts burgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Robert M. Kessler, Department of Nuclear Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Steven A. Khan, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211 Joachim Knop, Psykologisk Institut, Department of Psychiatry, Kammune hodpitalet, Copahegen, Denmark Lewis H. Kuller, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Ronald E. LaPorte, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Dennis C. Lehotay, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Contributors ix Sarnoff A. Mednick, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Cal ifornia, Social Science Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90089- 1111 Lawrence A. Meredith, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211 Robert C. Murphy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262 Douglas A. Parker, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840 Elizabeth S. Parker, Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Sam N. Pennington, Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834 Vicki Pollock, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Social Science Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90089-1111 Lupo A. Quitoriano, Psychology Department, University of the Pacific, Stock ton, California 95211 Christopher Ryan, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Ronald Schoenberg, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Marc A. Schuckit, University of California, San Diego, Medical School, Di rector of Alcohol Treatment Program, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161 Soren Sigvardsson, Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden James R. Stabenau, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 David H. Van Thiel, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 x Contributors Jan Volavka, Manhattan Psychiatric Center, Ward's Island, New York, New York 10035 Anne-Liis von Knorring, Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Uni versity of Umea, Umea, Sweden Jay W. Westcott, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262 Preface From the President of the Research Society on Alcoholism Alcohol research has entered an era of growth which brings enhanced opti mism regarding the elucidation of the biochemical and psychosocial factors which combine to produce the phenomena of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The solidification of knowledge regarding the genetic determinants of certain alcohol-related problems puts on firm footing the biological approaches for developing solutions to these problems. The current volume of Recent Devel opments in Alcoholism contains an excellent blend of information both on stud ies assessing the behavioral and physiological variables which may be ge netically linked to an individual's risk of developing problems with alcohol, and on clinical and basic science investigations of the pathological conse quences of excessive ethanol ingestion. Further progress in the alcoholism research area will continue to require investigation of the interactions of en vironmental variables with the genetically determined biology of an individ ual. Novel techniques in the fields of molecular genetics, physical chemistry, and behavioral pharmacology are being brought to bear on the central issues in the field, and the addition of these tools to the science of alcohol research brings closer the prospect of fruitful clinical application of our basic knowl edge. The Research Society on Alcoholism remains devoted to the task of promoting the generation of knowledge regarding the actions of alcohol and the mechanisms which produce alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The knowledge thus generated is, however, of little value if it is not communicted to other scientists, to clinicians, and to the lay public. The Society is therefore thankful for the editorial efforts of its members in bringing volumes of research findings such as this to the attention of the public. Boris Tabakoff, Ph.D. From the President of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism This third volume of Recent Developments in Alcoholism like its predecessors, provides excellent examples of the multi systems approach to an ever-wid ening problem. At the unit level of biological activity-the cell with its mul tiinteractional interplay among many systems-several excellent studies are presented. At the constitutional, genetic, and bodily systems levels, excellent laboratory as well as field studies are described. xi