RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM VOLUME14 THE CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOLISM RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN Edited by MARC GALANTER New York University School of Medicine New York, New York Associate Editors HENRI BEGLEITER, RICHARD DEITRICH, RICHARD FULLER, DONALD GALLANT, DONALD GOODWIN, EDWARD GOTTHEIL, ALFONSO PAREDES, MARCUS ROTHSCHILD, and DAVID VAN THIEL Assistant Editors DEIRDRE WINCZEWSKI MAUREEN CARUSO An Official Publication of the American Society of Addiction Medicine and the Research Society on Alcoholism. This series was founded by the National Council on Alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM VOLUME 14 THE CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOLISM Medical Neuropsychiatric Economic Cross-Cultural KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK / BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON / MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-47148-5 Print ISBN: 0-306-45747-4 ©1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2000 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers New York All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Editorial Board Chair: Chair Emeritus and Founder: James D. Beard, Ph.D. Charles S. Lieber, M.D. Dharam P. Agarwal, Ph.D. C. J. Peter Erickson, Ph.D. Sara Jo Nixon, Ph.D. Howard C. Becker, Ph.D. V. Gene Erwin, Ph.D. Roger Nordmann, M.D., Ph.D. Marlene O. Berman, Ph.D. Daniel Flavin, M.D. Stephanie S. O´Malley, Ph.D. Stefan Borg, M.D. Adrienne S. Gordon, Ph.D. Adolf Pfefferbaum, M.D. Michael E. Chamess, M.D. Kathleen A. Grant, Ph.D. Tamara J. Phillips, Ph.D. Allan C. Collins, Ph.D. Victor Hesselbrock, Ph.D. John Saunders, Ph.D. David W. Crabb, M.D. Paula L. Hoffman, Ph.D. Boris Tabakoff, Ph.D. John Crabbe, Ph.D. Hiromasa Ishii, M.D. Jalie A. Tucker, Ph.D. Chistopher L. Cunningham, Ph.D. Thomas R. Jerrells, Ph.D. Joanne Weinberg, Ph.D. Nancy Day, Ph.D. Harold Kalant, M.D., Ph.D. Gary S. Wand, M.D. Philippe A.J. De Witte, Ph.D. Ting-Kai Li, M.D. James R. West, Ph.D. Ivan Diamond, Ph.D. Robert O. Messing, M.D. Research Society on Alcoholism American Society of Addiction Medicine President: Ivan Diamond, M.D., Ph.D. President: G. Douglas Talbott, M.D. VicePresident: Edward P. Riley, Ph.D. President-elect: Marc Galanter, M.D. Secretary: Tina Vanderveen, Ph.D. Secretary: Andrea G. Barthwell, M.D. Treasurer: Victor Hesselbrock, Ph.D. Treasurer: James W. Smith, M.D. Immediate Past President: R. Adron Harris, Ph.D. Immediate Past President: David E. Smith, M.D Publications Committee Chair: James D. Beard, Ph.D. Contributors Tiina Arppe, Department of Sociology, The University of Helsinki, 00200 Helsinki, Finland Enrique Baraona, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468 Mary F. Brunette, Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 Jordi Camí, Institut Municipal d´Investigació Medica and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Carlos Campillo, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, 14370 México, DF Silvia Carreño, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Calzada, CP 14370 México, DF Ricardo Castaneda, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Frank J. Chaloupka, Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chi- cago, Chicago, Illinois 60607; and Health Economics Program, National Bu- reau of Economic Research, New York, New York 10017-5405 Juan Ramon De la Fuente, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Calzada, CP 14370 México, DF Robert E. Drake, Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 Magi Farré, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Universitat Autónoma de Barce- lona, Barcelona, Spain Douglas Fountain, The Lewin Group, Fairfax, Virginia 22031 Howard S. Friedman, Department of Medicine, Long Island College Hospi- tal, Brooklyn, New York; and Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Sci- ences Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11201 vii viii Contributors Richard K. Fuller, Division of Clinical and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7003 Peter R. Giancola, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania 15213 Maria Luisa González, Institut Municipal d´Investigació and Universitat Au- tónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain David A. Gorelick, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 Edward Gottheil, Department of Psychiatry, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 Ellen F. Gottheil, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Univer- sity of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington 98195 Michael Grossman, Department of Economics, City University of New York Graduate School, New York, New York, 10036, and Health Economics Pro- gram, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, New York 10017- 5405 Henrick J. Harwood, The Lewin Group, Fairfax, Virginia 22031 Harold D. Holder, Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California 94704 Margaretha Jarvinen, Institute of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, 1361 Copenhagen, Denmark Takenobu Kamada, Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka 591, Japan Maria A. Leo, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468 Robert Levy, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Med- icine, Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Charles S. Lieber, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Alcohol Dependence Treat- ment Program and Section of Liver Disease and Nutrition, Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468 Contributors ix Gina Livermore, The Lewin Group, Fairfax, Virginia 22031 David Lyons, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 Elena Medina-Mora, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Calzada, CP 14370 México, DF Ruth Montalvo, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7878 Howard B. Moss, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania 15213 John Mullahy, Department of Preventive Medicine, Bradley Memorial, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Katsuhisa Noda, Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka 591, Japan Mary O´Malley, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Alfonso Paredes, Laboratory for the Study of the Addictions, West Los An- geles, VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90073 Linda J. Porrino, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 Gudrun Pöschl, Laboratory of Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutrition, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Center, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany Luciana Ramos, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, 14370 México, DF Martha Romero, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatria, Tlalpan, 14370 México, DF Henry Saffer, Department of Economics, Kean University, Union, New Jer- sey 07083; and Health Economics Program, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, New York 10017-5405 Gabriela Saldivar, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, 14370 México, DF x Contributors Steven Schenker, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7878 Jordi Segura, Institut Municipal d´Investigació and Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Helmut K. Seitz, Laboratory of Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutri- tion, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Center, D-69121 Heidel- berg, Germany Ulrich A. Simanowski, Laboratory of Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutrition, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Center, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany Jody L. Sindelar, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Uni- versity School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Edward G. Singleton, Behavior Therapy Treatment Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 Hilary R. Smith, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 Norman Sussman, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Rafael de la Torre, Institut Municipal d´Investigació and Universitat Autóno- ma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Laurence Westreich, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Christopher T. Whitlow, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 Harumasa Yoshihara, Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospi- tal, Osaka 591, Japan