Studies in Computational Intelligence 657 Vassil Sgurev Ronald R. Yager Janusz Kacprzyk Krassimir T. Atanassov E ditors Recent Contributions in Intelligent Systems Studies in Computational Intelligence Volume 657 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] About this Series The series “Studies in Computational Intelligence” (SCI) publishes new develop- mentsandadvancesinthevariousareasofcomputationalintelligence—quicklyand with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and design methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as the methodologies behind them. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in computational intelligence spanning the areas of neural networks, connectionist systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligent systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the worldwide distribution, which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7092 ⋅ Vassil Sgurev Ronald R. Yager ⋅ Janusz Kacprzyk Krassimir T. Atanassov Editors Recent Contributions in Intelligent Systems 123 Editors Vassil Sgurev Janusz Kacprzyk InstituteofInformationandCommunication Systems Research Institute Technologies Polish Academy ofSciences BulgarianAcademy of Sciences Warsaw Sofia Poland Bulgaria Krassimir T. Atanassov RonaldR. Yager Department ofBioinformatics and MachineIntelligence Institute, Hagan MathematicalModelling, Institute Schoolof Business ofBiophysics andBiomedical IonaCollege Engineering NewRochelle, NY BulgarianAcademy of Sciences USA Sofia Bulgaria ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic) Studies in Computational Intelligence ISBN978-3-319-41437-9 ISBN978-3-319-41438-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41438-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016945788 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface Thisvolumecanbeviewedfromdifferentperspectives.Firstofall,itisaresultofa special project initiated by the editors, and then implemented thanks to an enthu- siastic response of the contributors to the invitation to present their new ideas and solutions.Theideaofthevolumehasbeenaresultof,firstofall,discussionsofthe editors between themselves and with the participants at the well-known IEEE Intelligent Systems, IEEE IS, which since 2002 have been a popular venue for the international research community interested in broadly perceived intelligent sys- temstheoryandapplications.TheseideaoftheseconferenceswasborninBulgaria inthebeginningofthenewcenturyandthefirstIEEEISconferenceswereheldin 2002,2004and2008inVarna,Bulgaria,whereboththescientificlevelandavery attractivevenueattheBlackSeacoastattractedmanyparticipantsfromalloverthe world. Due to a growing importance of the IEEE ISs, and a growing interest from the international research community, the third and fifth conferences, in 2006 and 2010,wereorganizedinLondon,UKandthesixthconference,in2012washeldin Sofia, Bulgaria. Following the tradition that had existed since the very beginning, that is, since IEEE IS’2002, during the IEEE IS’2012 the International Program Committee againdecidedtochoosethebestpapers,bothfromthepointofviewoftheirnovelty ofideasandtools,andtechnicalcontent,tobeincludedinaspecialvolumemeant as some sort of a summary of the state of the art and new trends in broadly perceived intelligent systems. This volume has resulted from that decision and careful analyses of both the theoretical and applied contents of the papers and interests of the participants and the entire research community, with an emphasis on, on the one hand, what has been presented in the best papers at the conference, and on the other hand, with some emphasis of what has been proposed by leading Bulgarian scientists and scholars who have inspired many people around the world with new ideas and solutions. In this short preface, we will briefly summarize the content of the consecutive papers included in the volume, emphasizing novel concepts, and ideas. v vi Preface Samuel Delepoulle, André Bigand Christophe Renaud and Olivier Colot (Chapter “Low-Level Image Processing Based on Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets and Scale-Space Smoothing”) present a new approach for image analysis and restora- tion based on interval-valued fuzzy sets and scale-space smoothing. To show the effectiveness and efficiency of their solution, two specific and significant image processing applications are considered: no-reference quality evaluation of computer-generated images and speckle noise filtering. In his paper Dimitar G. Dimitrov (Chapter “Generalized Net Representation of Dataflow Process Networks”) presents translation rules for mapping from a given dataflowprocessnetworktoageneralizednetwhichisanovel,highlyeffectiveand efficient model of, among others, discrete event processes and systems. Stefka Fidanova, Miroslav Shindarov and Pencho Marinov (Chapter “Wireless Sensor Positioning Using ACO Algorithm”) deal with spatially distributed sensors which communicate wirelessly and form a wireless sensor network. The mini- mizationof thenumberofsensorsand energy consumption bythe network isthen performed using an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. InthepaperbyPetiaGeorgieva,LuisAlbertoPazSuárezandSebastiãoFeyode Azevedo (Chapter “Time Accounting Artificial Neural Networks for Biochemical ProcessModels”)theproblemofdevelopingmoreefficientcomputationalschemes forthemodelingofbiochemicalprocessesisdiscussed.Atheoreticalframeworkfor theestimationofprocesskineticratesbasedondifferenttemporal(timeaccounting) Artificial Neural Network architectures is introduced. Tomohiro Hara, Tielong Shen, Yasuhiko Mutoh and Yinhua Liu (Chapter “Periodic Time-Varying Observer-Based Learning Control of A/F Ratio in Multi- cylinder IC Engines”) present an air-fuel ratio control scheme via individual fuel injection for multi-cylinder internal combustion (IC) engines. Their concern is to improve the air-fuel ratio precision by a real-time compensation of the unknown off-set inthefuelpath oftheindividualcylinder, whichrepresentstheeffectofthe cylinder-to-cylinder imbalance caused by the perturbations in each injector gain or disturbances in the dynamics offuel injection path. TatjanaKolemishevska-Gugulovska,MileStankovski,ImreJ.Rudas,NanJiang andJuanweiJing(Chapter“FuzzyT–S Model-BasedDesign ofMin–MaxControl for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems”) present an approach to robust control synthesis foruncertainnonlinearsystemsthroughtheuseoftheTakagi–Sugenofuzzymodel and fuzzy state observer. The existence conditions the output feedback min-max control in the sense of Lyapunov asymptotic stability are derived, and a convex optimization algorithm is used to obtain the minimum upper bound on the per- formance and the optimum parameters of mini-max controller. An example of an inverted pendulum is shown and the results are promising. A novel application of a generalized net is described in the paper by Maciej Krawczak, Sotir Sotirov and Evdokia Sotirova (Chapter “Modeling Parallel Optimization of the Early Stopping Method of Multilayer Perceptron”) for the paralleloptimizationofthemultilayerperception(MLP)basedonanearlystopping algorithm. Preface vii PaperJinmingLuoandGeorgiM.Dimirovski(Chapter“IntelligentControlsfor Switched Fuzzy Systems: Synthesis via Nonstandard Lyapunov Functions”) investigate the synthesis of intelligent control algorithms for switched fuzzy sys- tems by employing non-standard Lyapunov functions and some combined, hybrid techniques.Thecontrolplantsareassumedtobenonlinearandtoberepresentedby some specific Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models. The latest advances in the field of switching adaptive control based on hybrid multiple Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) models are presented in paper by Nikolaos A. Sofianos and Yiannis S. Boutalis (Chapter “A New Architecture for an Adaptive Switching Controller Based on Hybrid Multiple T-S Models”). Ketty Peeva (Chapter “Optimization of Linear Objective Function Under min−ProbabilisticSumFuzzyLinearEquationsConstraint”)presentsamethodfor thesolutionofalinearoptimizationproblemwhenthecostfunctionissubjecttothe constraints given as fuzzy linear systems of equations. Tania Pencheva and Maria Angelova (Chapter “Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic Implementation to Assess Purposeful Model Parameters Genesis”) are concerned with the derivation of intuitionistic fuzzy estimations of model parameters of the processofyeastfed-batchcultivation.Twokindsofsimplegeneticalgorithmswiththe operatorsequenceselection-crossover-mutationandmutation-crossover-selectionare considered,andbothappliedforthepurposesofparameteridentificationofS.cere- visiaefed-batchcultivation. Patrick Person, Thierry Galinho, Hadhoum Boukachour, Florence Lecroq and Jean Grieu (Chapter “Dynamic Representation and Interpretation in a Multiagent 3DTutoringSystem”)presentanintelligenttutoringsystemaimedatdecreasingthe students’ dropout rate by offering a possibility of a personalized follow up. An architecture of an intelligent tutoring system is described and the experimental results of the decision support system used as the core of the intelligent tutor are given. The dynamics of the upper extremity is modeled in Simeon Ribagin, Vihren Chakarov and Krassimir Atanassov (Chapter “Generalized Net Model of the ScapulohumeralRhythm”)asthemotionofanopenkinematicchainofrigidlinks, attached relatively loosely to the trunk. A method for the interpretation of propositional binary logic functions that allows thelogical concepts‘true’and‘false’tobetreated asstochasticvariables is describedinVassilSgurevandVladimirJotsov(Chapter“MethodforInterpretation of Functions of Propositional Logic by Specific Binary Markov Processes”). Examplesarepresentedandanumericalrealizationisdonebyusingsomefunctions of propositional logic by binary Markov processes. Shannon, A.G., B. Riecan, E. Sotirova, K. Atanassov, M. Krawczak, P. Melo-Pinto, R. Parvathi and T. Kim (Chapter “Generalized Net Models of Academic Promotion and Doctoral Candidature”) propose a new generalized net based model for the analysis of the process of academic promotion through the hierarchy in higher education and the preparation of PhD candidates. Thegeneralizednetmodel,describedinpaper“MariaStefanova-Pavlova,Velin Andonov, Todor Stoyanov, Maia Angelova, Glenda Cook, Barbara Klein, Peter viii Preface VassilevandElissavetaStefanova’spaper(Chapter“ModelingTelehealthServices withGeneralizedNets”),presentstheprocessesrelatedtothetrackingofchangesin health status (diabetes) of adult patients. The progress in telecommunications and navigation technologies allow this model to be extended to the case of active and mobile patient. Yancho Todorov, Margarita Terziyska and Michail Petrov (Chapter “State- Space Fuzzy-Neural Predictive Control”) give a novel view of potentials of the state–space predictive control methodology based on a fuzzy-neural modeling technique and different optimization procedures for process control. The proposed controller methodologies are based on the Fuzzy-Neural State-Space Hammerstein model and variants of Quadratic Programming optimization algorithms. Vesela Vasileva and Kalin Penev (Chapter “Free Search and Particle Swarm Optimisation Applied to Global Optimisation Numerical Tests from Two to HundredDimensions)investigatetwomethodsofglobaloptimization,FreeSearch (FS) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), and show results of some numerical tests on difficult examples. The objective is to identify how to facilitate the eval- uationofeffectivenessandefficiencyofheuristic,evolutionary,adaptive,andother optimisation and search algorithms. Peter Vassilev (Chapter “Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Generated by Archimedean MetricsandUltrametrics”)investigatesageneralmetricapproachforthegeneration ofintuitionisticfuzzysets,notablythecaseswhenthegenerationisdonebyanorm on R2 and a field norm on Q2. Boriana Vatchova and Alexander Gegov (Chapter “Production Rule and Network Structure Models for Knowledge Extraction from Complex Processes Under Uncertainty”) consider processes with many inputs, some of which are measurable, and many outputs from different application areas, and in which uncertainty plays a key role. Wewishtothankallthecontributorstothisvolume.Wehopethattheirpapers, whichconstituteasynergisticcombinationoffoundationalandapplicationoriented works,includingrelevantrealworldimplementations,willbeinterestinganduseful for a large audience interested in broadly perceived intelligent systems. We also wish to thank Dr. Tom Ditzinger, Dr. Leontina di Cecco, and Mr. HolgerSchaepefromSpringerfortheirdedicationandhelptoimplementandfinish this publication project on time maintaining the highest publication standards. Sofia, Bulgaria Vassil Sgurev New Rochelle, USA Ronald R. Yager Warsaw, Poland Janusz Kacprzyk Sofia, Bulgaria Krassimir T. Atanassov March 2015 Contents Low-Level Image Processing Based on Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets and Scale-Space Smoothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Samuel Delepoulle, André Bigand, Christophe Renaud and Olivier Colot Generalized Net Representation of Dataflow Process Networks. . . . . . . 23 Dimitar G. Dimitrov Wireless Sensor Positioning Using ACO Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Stefka Fidanova, Miroslav Shindarov and Pencho Marinov Time Accounting Artificial Neural Networks for Biochemical Process Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Petia Georgieva, Luis Alberto Paz Suárez and Sebastião Feyo de Azevedo Periodic Time-Varying Observer-Based Learning Control of A/F Ratio in Multi-cylinder IC Engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Tomohiro Hara, Tielong Shen, Yasuhiko Mutoh and Yinhua Liu Fuzzy T–S Model-Based Design of Min–Max Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Tatjana Kolemishevska-Gugulovska, Mile Stankovski, Imre J. Rudas, Nan Jiang and Juanwei Jing Modeling Parallel Optimization of the Early Stopping Method of Multilayer Perceptron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Maciej Krawczak, Sotir Sotirov and Evdokia Sotirova Intelligent Controls for Switched Fuzzy Systems: Synthesis via Nonstandard Lyapunov Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Jinming Luo and Georgi M. Dimirovski ix