Emerging Topics in Statistics and Biostatistics Hon Keung Tony Ng Daniel F. Heitjan   Editors Recent Advances on Sampling Methods and Educational Statistics In Honor of S. Lynne Stokes Emerging Topics in Statistics and Biostatistics SeriesEditor Ding-Geng (Din) Chen, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, ChapelHill,NC,USA EditorialBoardMembers Andriëtte Bekker, Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa CarlosA.Coelho,NOVAUniversityofLisbon,Lisbon,Portugal Maxim Finkelstein, Mathematical Statistics, University of the Free State, Bloem- fontein,SouthAfrica Jeffrey R. Wilson, Department of Economics, W.P. Carey School, Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA HonKeungTonyNg,BentleyUniversity,Waltham,MA,USA YuhlongLio,MathematicalSciences,UniversityofSouthDakota,Vermillion,SD, USA Hon Keung Tony Ng (cid:129) Daniel F. Heitjan Editors Recent Advances on Sampling Methods and Educational Statistics In Honor of S. Lynne Stokes Editors HonKeungTonyNg DanielF.Heitjan DepartmentofMathematicalSciences DepartmentofStatisticalScience BentleyUniversity SouthernMethodistUniversity Waltham,MA,USA Dallas,TX,USA ISSN2524-7735 ISSN2524-7743 (electronic) EmergingTopicsinStatisticsandBiostatistics ISBN978-3-031-14524-7 ISBN978-3-031-14525-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14525-4 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland S.LynneStokes Life and Works of S. Lynne Stokes IwasbornonDecember16,1950,inCorsicana,theseatofNavarroCounty,Texas, where six generations of the Stokes family had lived. I was the second-born to a family of teachers. My dad taught mathematics and physics and coached the baseball team at Navarro Junior College, which had been established in 1946 as heandsomanyotherswerereturningfromWWII.MymothertaughtSpanishand agriculture, neither of which she had ever taken a course in, at the high school in hernearbyhometown,Richland.In1952,myparentsdecidedtopulluprootsand head to graduate school at Peabody College, now a part of Vanderbilt University, inNashville,Tennessee.Theirfamilieswerehorrifiedthattheywouldmovesofar away, and especially that a mom of two would take such an unconventional path. But the GI Bill had placed higher education within reach for many families who wouldnowbecalled“first-generation,”includingmine.Myparentswentontoearn doctorates and have careers as college professors, he in mathematics and she in psychology.TheirlastandlongeststintwasatAustinPeayStateUniversity,where mydadchairedtheMathDepartmentformorethan20yearsandmymomhelped trainagenerationofschoolcounselorsinClarksville,Tennessee.Fromthisexposure andthejoytheyhadintheircareers,Idecidedatayoungagethatbeingaprofessor wasmygoal. IstudiedmathematicsattheUniversityoftheSouthinSuwanee,Tennessee.One of the faculty members, Mac Priestley, agreed to supervise me in an independent study out of Kemeny and Snell’s book on Markov chains. From that experience, I decided that enrolling in a statistics PhD program was the right path for me, not realizing that it was actually probability I had been fascinated by. Luckily, I liked statisticsevenbetter,whichIrealizedafterjoiningtheprogramattheUniversityof NorthCarolina. MyyearsinChapelHillareamongmyfondestmemories.Myadvisor,Norman Johnson,wasendlesslyencouragingandsupportive.HeaskedmetoreadDelland Clutter’s 1972 ranked set sampling paper, then recently published, to see if I had any ideas on extensions for my dissertation work. Since that time, I have had the pleasureofdiscussingandcollaboratingwithmanyonthistopic,includingseveral contributorstothisvolume. vii viii LifeandWorksofS.LynneStokes My first job after school was in the Department of Mathematics at Vanderbilt, which was near my family home. I was one of only two statisticians in a large department. I soon decided I preferred real data and the company of other statisticians, and moved on to the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland. Patuxent was then a part of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and located in a 16,000-acre refuge of beautiful forest and wetlands in the midst of the Washington DC/Baltimore urban sprawl. There I learned from scratch about birds,andhowtomodelbird-bandingandcapture-recapturedatafromthetalented biometricians there, including Jim Nichols, a mentor and co-author. This is a skill Itransferredfrombirdstopeople(atCensus)andbacktofishandthepeoplewho catchthem(forNOAA)overthecourseofmycareer. Patuxent changed my life in another way as well. There I met Dan Moulton, a biologist in the bird-banding lab, where he worked between field seasons on LaysanIslandinHawaii,wherehewasstudyingandbandingLaysanducks.During his second 6-month field season, we corresponded by letter and audio tape. These couldbetransportedonlybymilitaryplaneorshipastheypatrolledtheHawaiian archipelago.SoonafterDanreturnedfromLaysan,wemarried. While he was away, I left Patuxent for the US Census Bureau, which was just a short trip around the Beltway. Mary Mulry and I were hired into the Statistical MethodsDivisionbyPaulBiemer,whomwehadfirstmetatage20whenallthree of us were participants in an undergraduate NSF summer mathematics program at TexasA&M.Mary,Paul,andIhavebeencolleagues,friends,andcollaboratorsfor 50years,andwehaveNSFtothankforthat. PaulhadstudiedunderH.O.Hartley,andheintroducedmetosamplingtheory andmeasurementerrormethods.TheCensusBureauprovidedanunlimitedsupply ofreal-lifeproblemsfornon-samplingerrorresearch,whichhasremainedalifelong interest. Fortunately for my career, errors occur whenever data are collected. This allowed me to dabble in many fascinating application areas over the years. Two oftheseareas,fisheriesandeducationsurveys,arewellrepresentedinthisvolume (Brick,Andrews&Foster;Becker&Gozutok). When Dan took a position at Texas Parks and Wildlife in Austin in 1983, I moved with him and worked remotely for Census, before that was common. This arrangement was facilitated with the help of Kent Marquis, my division chief at Census,andCarlMorris,thenintheMathematicsDepartmentattheUniversityof Texas.KentandCarlhadknowneachotheratRand,provingonceagainthatithelps to get lucky. Soon a faculty position opened for a statistician in the Management ScienceDepartmentatUT’sBusinessSchool,andIwasagainintherightplaceat therighttime.Inmy15yearsatUT,IexpandedtherangeofproblemsIworkedon withcolleaguesinfieldsfromfinancetodemographytooperationsresearch. In2001,IleftUTfortheStatisticsDepartmentatSouthernMethodistUniversity, after a convincing chat with my long-time acquaintance Bill Schucany. I had first met Bill at a Conference of Texas Statisticians meeting shortly after moving to Texas, and had received useful advice from him over the years. SMU was a perfectplaceforthelast20yearsofmycareer,providingahelpfuladministration, supportivecolleagues,andexcellentgraduatestudents.Ichairedthedepartmentfor LifeandWorksofS.LynneStokes ix oneterm,andthenbecametheinauguraldirectorofSMU’sDataScienceInstitute in my last 2 years there. Several of the contributors to this volume are cherished colleaguesandformerstudentsfromSMU. My path likely would not have been so straight and well-marked if it had not been for the opportunities that began to open up for women at just the right time for me. I also benefited from introductions provided by supportive male mentors, colleagues,andclassmates.IenteredtheUniversityoftheSouththefirstyearthey accepted women (1969). My entering cohort in the Statistics Department at UNC in 1972 were half women and half men, marking the first year that women who were not wives of students were admitted in significant numbers. I was the fourth woman to receive a PhD in statistics at UNC, three of whom were supervised by NormanJohnson,whomayhavebeeninfluencedbyhiswifeReginafromtheUNC BiostatisticsDepartment.AtVanderbilt,Iwasthefirstwomantofillatenure-track positionintheMathematicsDepartment,andatSMU,thefirstwomanchairofthe Statistics Department. My network-building began in the NSF program I attended asa20yearold,whichIbelieveillustratesthevalueofpromotingdiversityinsuch programsforyoungscholars. Dallas,TX,USA S.LynneStokes May2022 x LifeandWorksofS.LynneStokes S.LynneStokes’sPhDthesis LynneenjoyingthesnowatPatuxentWildlifeResearchCenter,circa1980 LifeandWorksofS.LynneStokes xi MaryMulry,PaulBiemer,andLynneatanNSFprogramreunioncirca1980 LynneenjoyingFridaymorningteatimeatSMUin2007