Advances in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics Fernando Carapau Ashwin Vaidya Editors Recent Advances in Mechanics and Fluid-Structure Interaction with Applications The Bong Jae Chung Memorial Volume Advances in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics SeriesEditor GiovanniP.Galdi,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA TheAdvancesinMathematicalFluidMechanicsseriesisaforumforthepublication of high-quality, peer-reviewed research monographs and edited collections on the mathematical theory of fluid mechanics, with special regards to the Navier-Stokes equationsandothersignificantviscousandinviscidfluidmodels.Titlesinthisseries considertheoretical,numerical,andcomputationalmethods,aswellasapplications toscienceandengineering.Worksinrelatedareasofmathematicsthathaveadirect bearingonfluidmechanicsarealsowelcome.Allmanuscriptsarepeer-reviewedto meetthehigheststandardsofscientificliterature. Editedby GiovanniP.Galdi,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA Fernando Carapau • Ashwin Vaidya Editors Recent Advances in Mechanics and Fluid-Structure Interaction with Applications The Bong Jae Chung Memorial Volume Editors FernandoCarapau AshwinVaidya DepartmentofMathematicsandCIMA DepartmentofMathematics UniversityofÉvora MontclairStateUniversity Évora,Portugal Montclair,NJ,USA ISSN2297-0320 ISSN2297-0339 (electronic) AdvancesinMathematicalFluidMechanics ISBN978-3-031-14323-6 ISBN978-3-031-14324-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14324-3 Mathematics Subject Classification: 76Dxx, 74Fxx, 74F10, 74F20, 76Axx, 37Nxx, 37N25, 37N30, 76Mxx,76M10,76M12,76Zxx,74Bxx ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. This book is published under the imprint Birkhäuser, www.birkhauser-science.com by the registered companySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Inlovingmemoryofourdearfriend andcolleagueBongJaeChung. April1,1967–February12,2021 Preface This book brings together current scholarship in the area of mechanics and its applications to various branches of mathematics, science, and engineering, specif- ically around themes of computation and modeling in fluid mechanics, in honor of our dear friend and colleague, Dr. Bong Jae Chung, a computational scientist who passed away on February 12, 2021. Bong Jae or Chung, as he was often referred to by his friends, was born in Daegu, South Korea, where he completed his undergraduate degree in physics at Kyung Hee University. He came to the United States in 1994 as a graduate student. After a brief stint in Georgia, he moved to Pittsburgh for his master’s degree and eventually graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 2004 with a PhD in mechanical engineering under the guidanceofProfessorAnneRobertson.Heworkedforseveralyearsasapostdocand researchprofessoratvariousuniversitiesincludingJohnsHopkinsUniversity(with Prof.AleksanderPopel),theUniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHill(withProfs. Richard McLaughlin, Roberto Camassa, and Alberto Scotti), and George Mason University (with Prof. Juan Cebral) before securing a tenure track position in the DepartmentofMathematicalSciencesandDepartmentofAppliedMathematics& Statistics at Montclair State University, New Jersey, where he was employed for a littlemorethanthreeyearsbeforehisuntimelypassing. Bong Jae was a prolific researcher with diverse interests ranging from prob- lems of classical fluid mechanics, flows pertaining cerebral aneurysms, protein aggregation modeling, vortex-induced vibrations, and pattern formation in fluids to non-equilibrium thermodynamics. More recently, he had started working on modelingproblemsrelatedtodrugdelivery,atopiconwhichhisstudentNicholas Jeffoupolous wrote a master’s thesis1. Bong Jae also had a keen interest in experimental work having spent several months as a postdoc with Prof. George KlinzingintheDepartmentofChemicalEngineeringattheUniversityofPittsburgh, whereheparticipatedintheexperimentsrelatedtopneumaticconveying,andalso at the fluid dynamics laboratory at UNC Chapel-Hill, where he was part of the 1YoucanfindhisarticlewithBongJaeonthistopicinChap.14 vii viii Preface team studying vortex-induced vibrations. Bong Jae was an essential member of the Complex Fluids Laboratory at Montclair State University and was looking forwardtogettinginvolvedinavarietyofexperimentsandusingourparticleimage velocimetrysystemtobetterunderstandwakevortexdynamics,whichhewasalso modelingnumerically. Thisvolumecontainsworkbyscholarsfromseveralcountrieswhoareexpertsin thedifferentareasoftheoreticalandcomputationalfluidmechanicsandotherareas ofscienceinwhichBongJaesharedkeeninterest.Manyofthecontributionshere arebyhismentors,friends,andcollaboratorsandalsoscholarshewantedtowork withinthefuture.Totheextentpossible,wehavetakencaretopreparethearticlesso thattheyareaccessibleandrelevantnotonlytootherresearchersbutalsotograduate students,postdocs,andthosewantingtopursuenewlinesofresearchintheseareas ofmechanics.Forthisreason,thepapershavebeenpreparedinasemi-tutorialstyle, where possible. While scholarship in the area of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) hasbeengainingground,especiallywithdevelopmentsincomputationaltechniques and technology, most books in this area are restricted to very specific topics. The particular novelty and interesting aspect of this book lies in its interdisciplinarity, withcontributionsfrommathematicians,physicists,mechanicalandbiomechanical engineers, and even psychologists, all bringing new perspectives to the study of mechanics. Thisbookistrulyaneclecticmixofarticlesonvariousthemes.Wehavetherefore decidedtoorganizethebookintofourthematicparts:(1)Theory,(2)Computations, (3) Experiments, and (4) Applications. In some cases where the papers fall in multiplecategories,wehavetriedtoassignthemtoapartwefeelitbestrepresents. Part I on theoretical fluid mechanics consists of four papers which range from mathematical (existence of solutions) issues for fluids (Chap.1: Berselli and Ru˚žicˇka) and fluid solid systems (Chap.3: Galdi) to modeling the physics of fluids(Chap.2:Carapau,CorreiaandAreias;Chap.4:Camassa,Ding,McLaughlin, Overman, Parker, and Vaidya).2 Part II on CFD and numerical methods features sixpapers.Thefirstofthese(Chap.5:Bodnár,Keslerová,andLancmanová)onthe numericalmethodsforflowinbranchingchannelswasarepeatingthemeinmuchof BongJae’scomputationalbiomechanicswork.Otherpapersinthispartarefocused on Galerkin methods in problems of plasticity (Chap.6: Areias, Carapau, Lopes, and Rabczuk) and novel uses of modern computational techniques in mechanics such as use of machine learning techniques to understand emergence of patterns in kinetic models related to protein aggregation (Chap.7: Pateras, Vaidya, and Ghosh), reduced order modeling (Chap.8: Snyder, Mou, Liu, San, De Vita, and Iliescu),numericalissuesinthemodelingofviscoelasticfluidflows(Chap.9:Pires andBodnár),andcellularautomatamodelingofcomplexfluids(Chap.10:Ramos, Carapau,andCorreia).PartIIIonexperimentsincludestwopapers.Thefirstofthese 2ItisworthmentioningthatBongJaewasveryinterestedintheproblemdiscussedin(Chap.4) whichwasinitiatedbytheauthorsduringhispostdoctoraldaysatUNC-CHin2008–2009;heeven helpedwithdebuggingtheinitialcodeswrittenforthiswork. Preface ix is on the thermomechanics of self-organization in dissipative systems (Chap.11: De Bari and Dixon) on which Bong Jae had previously published and wished to contribute more to in the coming years. The second paper in this part is devoted to the use of vortex-induced vibrations towards hydrokinetic energy generation (Chap.12:WulandanaandHaque),whichwasoneofhisprimaryresearchinterests. Infact,asignificantpartofhiscomputationaleffortafterhisarrivalinNewJersey wasdevotedtodevelopmentofnumericalmethodstostudyfluid-solidinteractions, specificallyvortex-inducedoscillations.PartIVonapplicationsoffluidmechanics coversareasofdeepinteresttoBongJaeincludingdrugdelivery(Chap.13:Azhdari, Emami, and Ferreira; Chap.14: Jefopolous and Chung ), carbon sequestration (Chap.15: Phouc and Massoudi), and Ocular flow (Chap.16: Chung, Martinez, andVaidya).TwoofthesechaptersfeaturearticlesbyChungandhispaststudents BrandonandNicholas(Chaps.14and16). Itiscertainlyworthmentioningthataspecialissueofthiskindisrare.Suchhonor isreservedforthe”generals”ofsciencenot”footsoldiers”.Acommonlyheldview amongscientists,whoseessentialsentimentisevenexpressedbythelikesofDavid Bohm,iscapturedinthefollowingstatement:3 In the whole of human history, perhaps only a few people have achieved it [creativity].Mostoftherestofhumanactionhasbeenrelativelymediocre,though itisinterlacedwithflashesofpenetratinginsightthathelpraiseitabovethelevel ofmerehumdrum. We respectfully reject this viewpoint and the overarching hierarchical value systemthatitimposesonscientificcontributions.Itisbeingslowlyrecognizedthat creativity happens at all levels, and while we all admire and rely on the paradigm shifting,“wall-breaking”effortstoeliminatebarrierstoknowledge,therearethose who do the same, one brick at a time. Their efforts are no less valuable, and collectivelytaken,sucheffortsareessentialforthenextgreatscientifictransforma- tion.Whensincereandconsistent,suchworkalsodeservesacknowledgment.Iam therefore deeply appreciative of all colleagues who have volunteered to contribute toandsupportedthisvolume,inhonorofasoldierofscience;theyremindusthat knowledgeseekingisacollectiveeffortandeverycontributionhasmerit,muchof ityetunforeseen. We convey special thanks to Professor Giovanni Paolo Galdi for his help and encouragement in getting the book published in this series and to Professor Anne Robertson, Bong Jae’s PhD advisor and collaborator, for her encouragement and commitmenttothisproject.BongJaeexpresseddeepadmirationforallhisteachers and mentors and was deeply influenced by them, especially Dr. Robertson. On his behalf, we would therefore like to thank all his mentors, including Dr. Alek- sander Popel (Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins), Dr. Richard McLaughlin (Mathematics, UNC-Chapel Hill), Dr. Alberto Scotti (Marine Sciences, UNC- ChapelHill),Dr.RobertoCamassa(Mathematics,UNC-ChapelHill),andDr.Juan Cebral (Biomedical Engineering, George Mason) for their mentorship and for the 3Bohm,D.(2004)OnCreativity,editorLeeNichol.London:Routledge. x Preface intellectualstimulationtheyprovided.WealsothankBongJae’sstudentsNicholas andBrandon,bothofwhomlostamentormidwaythroughtheirthesisprojectand yetpersistedincompletingtheworkandarefeaturedinthisbook.Weacknowledge the help and support of Mr. Chris Eder and Ms. Saveetha Balasubramaniam at Birskhauser-Springer for helping us see this volume through and for making this suchasmoothprocessforus. Montclair,NJ,USA AshwinVaidya Évora,Portugal FernandoCarapau June2022