Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture Visualising the Middle Ages Edited by Eva Frojmovic, University of Leeds (UK) Editorial Board Madeline H. Caviness, Tufts University (USA) Catherine Harding, University of Victoria (Canada) Diane Wolfthal, Rice University (USA) VoLUME 7/I The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/vma Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume one Edited by Therese Martin LEIDEn • boSTon 2012 Cover illustration: Geometry personified as a woman, north transept, Laon Cathedral © Photo: Vassil This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reassessing the roles of women as ‘makers’ of medieval art and architecture / edited by Therese Martin.   pages cm — (Visualising the Middle Ages ; v. 7)  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISbn 978-90-04-18555-5 (hardback set : alk. paper) — ISbn 978-90-04-22827-6 (hardback v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISbn 978-90-04-22828-3 (hardback v. 2 : alk. paper) — ISbn 978-90-04-22832-0 (e-book) (print) 1. Art, Medieval. 2. Architecture, Medieval. 3. Women artists—Europe— History—To 1500. 4. Women art patrons—Europe—History—To 1500. 5. Art and society— Europe—History—To 1500. 6. Architecture and society—Europe—History—To 1500. I. Martin, Therese, editor of compilation.  n5970.R25 2012  704’.0420902—dc23 2012001118 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSn 1874-0448 ISbn 978 90 04 18555 5 (hardback set) ISbn 978 90 04 22827 6 (hardback vol. I) ISbn 978 90 04 22828 3 (hardback vol. II) ISbn 978 90 04 22832 0 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke brill nV, Leiden, The netherlands. Koninklijke brill nV incorporates the imprints brill, Global oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke brill nV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. ConTEnTS List of Color Plates (Full Volume)  ......................................................... ix Color Plates (1–17)  ......................................................................... following xii List of black and White Illustrations (Full Volume)  ........................ xiii Acknowledgments  ...................................................................................... xxxi Contributors’ biographies ......................................................................... xxxiii Map  ................................................................................................................. xl VoLUME onE 1 Exceptions and Assumptions: Women in Medieval Art History  .............................................................................................. 1 Therese Martin PART onE DISPLAY AnD ConCEALMEnT 2 The non-Gendered Appeal of Vierge Ouvrante Sculpture: Audience, Patronage, and Purpose in Medieval Iberia  ............ 37 Melissa R. Katz 3 Mere Embroiderers? Women and Art in Early Medieval Ireland  ..................................................................................................... 93 Jenifer Ní Ghrádaigh 4 Erasures and Recoveries of Women’s Contributions to Gothic Architecture: The Case of Saint-Quentin, Local nobility, and Eleanor of Vermandois ............................................. 129 Ellen M. Shortell 5 The Roles of Women in Late Medieval Civic Pageantry in England  .............................................................................................. 175 Nicola Coldstream vi contents PART TWo oWnERSHIP AnD CoMMUnITY 6 The Patronage Question under Review: Queen blanche of Castile (1188–1252) and the Architecture of the Cistercian Abbeys at Royaumont, Maubuisson, and Le Lys  .......................... 197 Alexandra Gajewski 7 Female Piety and the building and Decorating of Churches, ca. 500–1150  ............................................................................................... 245 Jane Tibbetts Schulenburg 8 ‘Planters of great civilitie’: Female Patrons of the Arts in Late Medieval Ireland  ........................................................................... 275 Rachel Moss 9 Reception, Gender, and Memory: Elisenda de Montcada and Her Dual-Effigy Tomb at Santa Maria de Pedralbes  .................... 309 Eileen McKiernan González PART THREE CoLLAboRATIon AnD AUTHoRSHIP 10 Women as Makers of Church Decoration: Illustrated Textiles at the Monasteries of Altenberg/Lahn, Rupertsberg, and Heiningen (13th–14th c.)  ....................................................................... 355 Stefanie Seeberg 11 Women in the Making: Early Medieval Signatures and Artists’ Portraits (9th–12th c.)  ............................................................................ 393 Pierre Alain Mariaux 12 Melisende of Jerusalem: Queen and Patron of Art and Architecture in the Crusader Kingdom  ........................................... 429 Jaroslav Folda 13 Women and the Architecture of al-Andalus (711–1492): A Historiographical Analysis  ............................................................... 479 María Elena Díez Jorge contents vii VoLUME TWo PART FoUR FAMILY AnD AUDIEnCE 14 Portrayals of Women with books: Female (Il)literacy in Medieval Jewish Culture  ..................................................................... 525 Katrin Kogman-Appel 15 Patterns of Patronage: Female Initiatives and Artistic Enterprises in England in the 13th and 14th Centuries .............. 565 Loveday Lewes Gee 16 Concubines, Eunuchs, and Patronage in Early Islamic Córdoba  ..................................................................................... 633 Glaire D. Anderson 17 The First Queens of Portugal and the building of the Realm  ..... 671 Miriam Shadis PART FIVE PIETY AnD AUTHoRITY 18 Subversive obedience: Images of Spiritual Reform by and for Fifteenth-Century nuns  ................................................................ 705 Jane Carroll 19 Elite Women, Palaces, and Castles in northern France (ca. 850–1100)  .......................................................................................... 739 Annie Renoux 20 Redressing Images: Conflict in Context at Abbess Humbrina’s Scriptorium in Pontetetto (Lucca)  ........................... 783 Loretta Vandi 21 Emma of blois as Arbiter of Peace and the Politics of Patronage  ............................................................................................ 823 Mickey Abel viii contents PART SIx MEMoRY AnD MoTHERHooD 22 nimble-fingered Maidens in Scandinavia: Women as Artists and Patrons  ........................................................................................... 865 Nancy L. Wicker 23 The Treasures and Foundations of Isabel, beatriz, Elisenda, and Leonor: The Art Patronage of Four Iberian Queens in the Fourteenth Century  ..................................................................... 903 Ana Maria S.A. Rodrigues 24 Liturgy as Women’s Language: Two noble Patrons Prepare for the End in Fifteenth-Century Spain  ........................................ 937 Felipe Pereda bibliography  ................................................................................................... 989 Index of People  .............................................................................................. 1069 Index of Places  ............................................................................................... 1091 Index of Subjects  ........................................................................................... 1100 LIST oF CoLoR PLATES (FULL VoLUME) Volume one Chapter 1. (Martin) 1. Chalice of Infanta Urraca, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de León, after 1063. 2. Silk and gold embroidery, 11th c. (?), lid of the Reliquary of St. Isidore, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de León. Chapter 2. (Katz) 3. Virxe abrideira of Allariz, 126os–1270s, Real Monasterio de Santa Clara, Allariz (ourense), Spain. 4. Virgen de los Gozos of Salamanca, fourth quarter of 13th c., Museo de la Catedral, Salamanca, Spain. 5. Virgen abridera inmaculada of Cuerva, mid-16th c., ex-coll. Convento de la Encarnación de las Carmelitas Descalzas, Cuerva (Toledo), Spain. Chapter 3. (Ní Ghrádaigh) 6. Detail, Derrynaflan Paten, 8th c. 7. Crucifixion scene, Southampton Psalter, 10th c. Cambridge, St. John’s College MS C.9, fol. 35v. Chapter 4. (Shortell) 8. Widows’ donor panels from the Glorification of the Virgin window, ca. 1200, Saint-Quentin, former collegiate church. 9. St. Stephen and Theophilus window, Juliana en route to Constanti- nople, ca. 1200, Saint-Quentin, former collegiate church. Chapter 5. (Gajewski) 10.  blanche of Castile and Louis Ix in the Bible Moralisée, late 1230s, new York, The Pierpoint Morgan Library, MS M. 240, fol. 8r. Chapter 9. (McKiernan González) 11. Funerary monument of Elisenda de Montcada, detail of the queen from the church front. Monastery of Santa Maria de Pedralbes, early 1340s.