Reading and Rebellion in Catholic Germany, 1770–1914 Popular conceptions of Catholic censorship, symbolized above all by theIndexofForbiddenBooks,figureprominentlyinseculardefinitions of freedom. To be intellectually free is to enjoy access to knowledge unimpeded by any religious authority. But how would the history of freedomchangeiftheseconceptionswerefalse? In this panoramic study of Catholic book culture in Germany from 1770to1914,JeffreyT.Zalarexposesthemythoffaith-basedintellec- tual repression. Catholic readers disobeyed the book rules of their church in a vast apostasy that raised personal desire and conscience overcommunalresponsibility anddoctrine.This disobediencesparked a dramatic contest between lay readers and their priests over proper book behavior that played out in homes, schools, libraries, parish meeting halls, and even church confessionals. The clergy lost this con- testinafundamentalreorderingofculturalpowerthathelpedusherin contemporaryCatholicism.  .  isAssociateProfessorofHistoryandtheinaugural holderofthe RuthJ.andRobertA.ConwayEndowedChairinCath- olic Studies at the University of Cincinnati. He writes and lectures on the cultural andintellectualhistoryof RomanCatholicism, thehistory ofmodernGermanreligion,andthehistoryofmodernknowledge. Publications of theGerman HistoricalInstitute Editedby SimoneLässig withtheassistanceofDavidLazar The German Historical Institute is a center for advanced study and research whose purpose is to provide a permanent basis for scholarly cooperation among historians fromtheFederalRepublicofGermanyandtheUnitedStates.TheInstituteconducts, promotes, and supports research into both American and German political, social, economic, and cultural history; into transatlantic migration, especially during the nineteenthandtwentiethcenturies;andintothehistoryofinternationalrelations,with specialemphasisontherolesplayedbytheUnitedStatesandGermany. Afulllistoftitlesintheseriescanbefoundatwww.cambridge.org/pghi Reading and Rebellion in Catholic – Germany, 1770 1914 JEFFREY T. ZALAR UniversityofCincinnati UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108472906 :10.1017/9781108561648 ©JeffreyT.Zalar2019 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2019 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyClaysLtd,ElcografS.p.A. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData :Zalar,JeffreyT.,author. :ReadingandrebellioninCatholicGermany,1770-1914/JeffreyT.Zalar. :NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2019.|Series:Publicationsof theGermanhistoricalinstitute|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. :2018026587|9781108472906(hardback:alk.paper)| 9781108460743(pbk.:alk.paper) ::Catholics–Booksandreading–Germany–History.|Booksand reading–Germany–Socialaspects.|Christianlife. :1003.5.3352019|028.5/50943–23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018026587 978-1-108-47290-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. To my parents and parents-in-law, Frank and Judy Zalar & Gary and Sonja Pederson Contents Acknowledgments page viii List of Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 At the Origins ofGermany’sBook Wars, 1770–1815 18 2 Gall and Honey inthe Catholic Theology of Cultural Taste 52 3 ReadingRun Amok inPrussia Triumphant, 1815–1845 97 4 Book Mischief inthe “PapalMonarchy,” 1845–1880 140 5 Catholics and Their “Deficit in Education” 184 6 The TailWags theDog: The Lay Rebellion against Catholic Librariesafter 1880 225 7 BraveNewWorld:LayReadingintheLibrariesTheyWant 270 8 AnAppetite for Pleasure:Private Reading in GermaniaProfana 310 Epilogue 360 Selected Bibliography 369 Index 377 vii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the German-American Fulbright Commission, whose generosity allowed me to conduct the research on which the core of this book rests. My research intentions also received significant assist- ance from Georgetown University, the American Catholic Historical Association, the Lilly Fellows Program in Humanities and the Arts, Pepperdine University, and the University Research Council of the Uni- versity of Cincinnati. Helping me in Germany were numerous archivists and librarians, from whose kindness and professionalism I drew encour- agementeveryday.IextendmythankstothestaffsattheAssociationof Saint Charles Borromeo, or Borromäusverein, in Bonn, the Historisches Archiv des Erzbistums Köln, the Bistumsarchiv Trier, the Erzbistum- sarchivPaderborn,theDiözesanarchivLimburg,theBibliothekdesPriest- erseminars in Trier, and the Diözesanbibliothek Münster. I express my gratitude as well to the custodians of parish archives throughout the Rhineland,whoseaidand,inseveralcases,financialsupportenabledthis study at the local level. In the United States, I wish to acknowledge my particular debt to the staff of the Leo Dehon Library at Sacred Heart School of Theology in Hales Corners, Wisconsin. Interlibrary loans are not cheap. Still, they satisfied all my requests. I am grateful to the German Historical Institute in Washington, DC, too,forhonoringearlierworkwiththeFritzSternDissertationPrizeand for including the book that sprang from this work in the Institute’s “Publications” series. Senior Editor David Lazar was ever patient, kind, and helpful toward me. The two anonymous readers he selected with Michael Watson of Cambridge University Press provided excellent recommendations for the book’s improvement. Michael’s colleagues viii