i RE-ASSESSING THE GLOBAL TURN IN MEDIEVAL ART HISTORY ii THE MEDIEVAL GLOBE The Medieval Globe provides an interdisciplinary forum for scholars of all world areas by focusing on convergence, movement, and interdependence. Con tri- butions to a global understanding of the medieval period (broadly de(cid:976)ined) need not encompass the globe in any territorial sense. Rather, TMG advances a new theory and praxis of medieval studies by bringing into view phenomena that have been rendered practically or conceptually invisible by anachronistic boundaries, categories, and expectations. TMG also broadens discussion of the ways that medieval processes inform the global present and shape visions of the future. Executive Editor Carol Symes, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign Editorial Board James Barrett, University of Cambridge Kathleen Davis, University of Rhode Island Felipe Fern á ndez- Armesto, University of Notre Dame Elizabeth Lambourn, De Montfort University Yuen-Gen Liang, National Taiwan University Victor Lieberman, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor C arla Nappi, University of British Columbia Elizabeth Oyler, University of Pittsburgh Christian Raffensperger, Wittenberg University Rein Raud, Tallinn University & Freie Universität Berlin D. Fairchild Ruggles, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign Alicia Walker, Bryn Mawr College Volume 3 iii RE-ASSESSING THE GLOBAL TURN IN MEDIEVAL ART HISTORY Edited by CHRISTINA NORMORE iv Editorial Assistant K elli McQueen Page design and typesetting O OH British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library © 2018, Arc Humanities Press, Leeds The authors assert their moral right to be identi(cid:976)ied as the authors of their part of this work. P ermission to use brief excerpts from this work in scholarly and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is an exception or limitation covered by Article 5 of the European Union’s Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC) or would be determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satis(cid:976)ies the conditions speci(cid:976)ied in Section 108 of the U.S. Copy- right Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the Publisher’s permission. ISBN 9781641892261 eISBN 9781641892278 https://arc-humanities.org v CONTENTS List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii E ditor’s Introduction: A World within Worlds? Reassessing the Global Turn in Medieval Art History C HRISTINA NORMORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A Camel’s Pace: A Cautionary Global B ONNIE CHENG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Fatimid Holy City: Rebuilding Jerusalem in the Eleventh Century J ENNIFER PRUITT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 W orldliness in Byzantium and Beyond: Reassessing the Visual Networks of Barlaam and Ioasaph CECILY J. HILSDALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 E xchange of Sacri(cid:976)ices: West Africa in the Medieval World of Goods S ARAH M. GUÉ R IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 The Beryozovo Cup: A Byzantine Object at the Crossroads of Twelfth- Century Eurasia A LICIA WALKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Mobile Meanings: A Global Approach to a Dagger from Greater Syria H EATHER BADAMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Global Medieval at the “End of the Silk Road,” circa 756 CE: The Sh ō s ō - in Collection in Japan J UN HU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 R esponse: Medievalists and Early Modernists—A World Divided? JESSICA KEATING AND LIA MARKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 vi vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures Figure 2.1. Green- glazed female musician, one of over 350 (cid:976)igurines found in the tomb of Sima Jinlong (d. 484) at Datong, Shanxi (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 2.2. Carved stone chamber found in the tomb of Song Shaozu (d. 477) at Datong, Shanxi (China) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 F igure 2.3a. S ilk fragment with pearl hexagon and honeysuckle designs, unearthed in Dunhuang, Gansu (China) and dated to 487 CE . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 2.3b. Gilt bronze saddle plate dated to the fourth century CE and found at Chaoyang, Liaoning (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 4.1. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and Ioasaph: Ioannina, Zosimaia Schole MS 1, fol. 54r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 4 Figure 4.2. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and Ioasaph: Jerusalem, Orthodox Patriarchate, Stavrou MS 42, 75r. . . . . . . . . . 65 Figure 4.3. Fourth Apologue (Man and Unicorn) from Barlaam and Ioasaph: Cambridge, King’s College MS Gr 45 (olim 338), fol. 41v. . . . . . . . . 66 Figure 4.4. Man Fleeing the Unicorn, from Barlaam and Ioasaph : Paris, Biblioth è que nationale de France, MS gr. 1128, fol. 68r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Figure 4.5. Virgin and Unicorn from the Smyrna Physiologos : Smyrna, Evangelical School B8, fol. 74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 8 Figure 4.6. Saint John Chrysostom interprets the Unicorn (Psalm 91:11), from the Theodore Psalter: London, British Library, MS Add. 19352, fol. 124v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 9 Figure 4.7. “Man in the Well”: relief from Site 9, N ā g ā rjunikonda Museum. . . . . . . 70 Figure 4.8. Scene from Barlaam and Ioasaph : Balamand, MS 147, fol. 129r. . . . . . 7 3 Figure 4.9. Scene from the Kalila wa Dimna: Paris, Biblioth è que nationale de France, MS ar. 3465, fol. 43v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Figure 4.10. Scene from the Kalila wa Dimna: Istanbul, Topkapi Saray Library, MS H. 363, fol. 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 viii viii (cid:273)(cid:270)(cid:280)(cid:281) (cid:276)(cid:267) (cid:270)(cid:273)(cid:273)(cid:282)(cid:280)(cid:281)(cid:279)(cid:262)(cid:281)(cid:270)(cid:276)(cid:275)(cid:280) Figure 4.11. Scene from Barlaam and Josaphat in the Psalter and Book of Hours of Yolande de Soissons: New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M.729, fol. 354v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Figure 4.12. Verse allegory of a man pursued by a unicorn from Barlaam and Josaphat incipit: London, British Library, MS Additional 37049, fol. 19v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Figure 4.13. Scene from Barlaam and Josaphat: relief in the tympanum of the cathedral at Parma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Figure 4.14. St. Ioasaph with the Virgin and Child: from Studenica, Church of the Virgin, southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Figure 4.15. St. Ioasaph (detail): from Studenica, Church of the Virgin, southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 F igure 4.16. S t. Barlaam (detail): from Studenica, Church of the Virgin, southwest pilaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Figure 4.17. John VI Kantakouzenos as emperor and monk, from the Theological Works : Paris, Biblioth è que nationale de France, MS gr. 1242, fol. 123v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 F igure 5.1a–b . D rawing of tumulus 5 at Durbi Takusheyi, Nigeria, ca. 1300; copper- alloy (brass) anklets from the tumulus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Figure 5.2. “Roped” pot on a stand, from Igbo- Ukwu, Nigeria: ninth or tenth century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Figure 7.1. A warrior-saint killing a dragon: detail of the Furusiyya dagger (Plate 7.1a–b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Figure 7.2a– b. Wall paintings from the church of Mar Tadros, thirteenth century, showing Saints Theodore and Sergius: Qara, Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 53 F igure 7.3a–b . I vory horn, front and back, showing animals in vine scrolls, eleventh century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59 Figure 7.4. Manuel I Grand Komnenos: lithograph of a lost fresco from the church of Hagia Sophia, Trebizond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Figure 7.5. Gate from the entry of the caravansaray of Badr al- Din Lu’lu’ (detail), west of Mosul (Iraq). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 ix (cid:273)(cid:270)(cid:280)(cid:281) (cid:276)(cid:267) (cid:270)(cid:273)(cid:273)(cid:282)(cid:280)(cid:281)(cid:279)(cid:262)(cid:281)(cid:270)(cid:276)(cid:275)(cid:280) ix Figure 7.6a– b. Entrance to the sanctuary of the Syrian Orthodox monastery of Mar Behnam/ Deir al- Khidr, southeast of Mosul (Iraq), with detail showing a dragon- slaying warrior- saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 F igure 8.1. “ Sketch of a glass ewer … undoubtedly an early Arabian work.” . . . . 178 Figure 8.2. Sh ō s ō - in repository building, T ō dai- ji Monastery, Nara (Japan): (cid:976)irst constructed ca. 756 CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 80 Figure 8.3. Detail of brocade with a hunting motif on blue ground silk, eighth century: Sh ō s ō - in, Nara (Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Figure 8.4. Detail of ceiling slope, Mogao Cave 249, ca. 500 CE: Dunhuang (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Figure 8.5. Sutra wrapper of woven silk backed with paper, originally from Mogao Cave 17, eighth century: Dunhuang (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Figure 8.6a– b. Two sides of a (cid:976)ive- string biwa made of chestnut wood with mother-o f-p earl inlay, eighth century: Shō s ō - i n, Nara (Japan). . . . . 185 F igure 8.7. B ronze mirror with mother-o f-p earl inlay, lacquer, and turquoise: from the tomb of Princess Li Chui (d. 736) near Xi’an, Shaanxi Province (China). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 F igure 8.8. G lass bowl with wheel-c ut facets, sixth century: Sh ō s ō - in, Nara (Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 F igure 8.9. G lass bowl with wheel-c ut facets, sixth or seventh century. . . . . . . . . 189 Figure 8.10. Last section of the inventory of the initial donation showing K ō my ō ’s prayer: ink on paper, dated the 21st day of the 6th month, 756. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Figure 9.1. Woodcut from an edition of Christopher Columbus’s Epistola de insulis nuper inventis: Basel, 1493. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Maps M ap 2.1. M ap of China showing division into Northern and Southern Dynasties, with the (Southern) Six Dynasties capital at Jiankang (Nanjing), ca. 500 CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Map 5.1. Trade routes and climatic zones in West Africa, ca. 1300. . . . . . . . . . . . . 101