Radicals in ExilE iberian encounter and exchange 475–­1755­|­Vol.­4 sERiEs EditoRs advisoRy BoaRd Erin Kathleen Rowe Paul H. Freedman Michael A. Ryan Richard Kagan Marie Kelleher Ricardo Padrón The Iberian Peninsula has Teofilo F. Ruiz historically been an area of the Marta V. Vicente world that fostered encounters and exchanges among peoples from different societies. For othER titlEs in this sERiEs centuries, Iberia acted as a nexus Thomas W. Barton, Contested for the circulation of ideas, people, Treasure: Jews and Authority in the objects, and technology around the Crown of Aragon premodern western Mediterranean, Mercedes García- Arenal and Gerard Atlantic, and eventually the Pacific. Wiegers, eds., Polemical Encounters: Iberian Encounter and Exchange, Christians, Jews, and Muslims in 475– 1755 combines a broad Iberia and Beyond thematic scope with the territorial limits of the Iberian Peninsula and Nicholas R. Jones, Staging Habla de its global contacts. In doing so, negros: Radical Performances of the works in this series will juxtapose African Diaspora in Early Modern previously disparate areas of study Spain and challenge scholars to rethink the role of encounter and exchange in the formation of the modern world. R a d i c a l s i n E x i l E English CatholiC Books During thE rEign of PhiliP ii freddy cristóbal domínguez thE PEnnsylvania statE UnivERsity PREss UnivERsity PaRk, PEnnsylvania Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Domínguez, Freddy Cristóbal, 1982– author. Title: Radicals in exile : English Catholic books during the reign of Philip II / Freddy Cristóbal Domínguez Other titles: Iberian encounter and exchange, 475– 1755 ; vol. 4. Description: University Park, Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University Press, [2020] | Series: Iberian encounter and exchange, 475– 1755 ; vol. 4. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Examines how English Catholic exiles in Spain used print and other written media to promote the conquest of England and the spiritual renewal of Christendom”— Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2019048251 | ISBN 9780271086019 (cloth) Subjects: Religious refugees— Spain— History— 16th century. | British— Spain— History— 16th century. | Catholic literature— History and criticism. | Reformation— England. | Spain— History— Philip II, 1556– 1598. | Spain— Foreign relations— Great Britain. | Great Britain— Foreign relations— Spain. Classification: LCC DP179 .D64 2020 | DDC 305.6/820892104609031— dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019048251 Copyright © 2020 Freddy Cristóbal Domínguez All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802- 1003 The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of University Presses. It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid- free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ansi z39.48- 1992. With love and gratitude for My parents, Lourdes and Freddy My wife, Mary Beth My children, Rose, Vivian, Laura, Niccolò, and Santiago Contents acknowlEdgmEnts ix Introduction 1 part i: history in action 19 1 The Radicalization of Exile Polemic 23 2 Calling the Armada 49 3 English History Made Spanish 65 Conclusion to Part I 87 part ii: the king’s men 93 4 English Voices in Spain 97 5 An Anglo- Spanish Voice in Europe 117 6 Between “English” Providentialism and Reason of State 137 Conclusion to Part II 147 part iii: (habsburg) england and spain reformed 151 7 Politics of Succession 153 8 Practical Politics and Christian Reason of State 181 Conclusion to Part III 205 conclUsion 207 notEs 211 BiBliogRaPhy 227 indEx 243 viii contents Acknowledgments This book exists because of Peter Lake. I stumbled upon my interest in English Catholics under his mentorship, and I have learned the historian’s craft from him above all. He has offered loyal support and friendship in cof- fee shops on both sides of the Atlantic. Working with Peter means getting to know his brilliant wife, Sandy Solomon. She is a fine poet, a kind host, and a warm conversationalist. At a crucial point in my career, she encouraged me to carry on when I almost left it behind. This book would not exist without her either. This monograph is the accumulation of lessons taught by many fine scholars. Philip Benedict patiently mentored me as an undergraduate well before I knew what I was doing. Liam Brockey inspired my interest in Iberian things and has been an unflinching ally along the way. Anthony Grafton has displayed extraordinary patience and courtesy when none was warranted. This project would be much weaker without the attention of Antonio Feros and Michael Questier, both of whom know more about both sides of this book than I ever will. I have also bothered Victor Houliston over the years, often out of the blue. He has only been generous in return when he could have swatted me away. Deborah Forteza has been a kind colleague and I’ve benefitted immensely from her work and our fellow conferencing. Mark Rankin has been a constant supporter and enthusiast in all things English Catholic.