R a This collection of essays studies the expression and diffusion of radical d ideas in Britain from the period of the English Revolution in the mid- i seventeenth century to the Romantic Revolution in the early nineteenth c century. It covers almost two hundred years of radical history and a literature and aims to establish transnational parallels as well as trace l transhistorical continuities between forms and vehicles of radicalism. v The essays included in the volume explore the modes of articulation and o dissemination of radical ideas in the period by focusing on actors (‘radical i voices’) and a variety of written texts and cultural practices (‘radical c ways’), ranging from fiction, correspondence, pamphlets and newspapers e to petitions presented to Parliament and toasts raised in public. They s , analyse the way these media interacted with their political, religious, social R and literary context. a d In addition to benefiting from recent academic research, this volume i provides a markedly interdisciplinary outlook on the study of early modern c radicalism, with contributions from literary scholars and historians, and a relies on cross-fertilisation between disciplines and scholarly approaches. l It uses case studies as insights into the global picture of radical ideas. w By exploring the ways in which radical voices engaged with forms and a means of expression, the essays offer a sense of the complexity of radical y communication in early modern England. It is hoped that they will s contribute to a reappraisal of the concept of radicalism with reference to its modes of diffusion. This volume will be of interest to students of seventeenth- and eighteenth- c century literature and history. u r e Laurent Curelly is Senior Lecturer in British Studies at Université de Haute Alsace, l l y Mulhouse a n Nigel Smith is William and Annie S. Paton Foundation Professor of Ancient and d Modern Literature at Princeton University s m i R a d i c a l v o i c e s , t h ( e d R a d i c a l w a y s Election fair, Copenhagen Fields, Islington, s London, 1795. Artist: James Gillray. Photo ) by Guildhall Library & Art Gallery/Heritage ISBN 978-1-5261-0619-3 Images/Getty Images ArticulAting And disseminAting rAdicAlism in Cover design: riverdesign.co.uk seventeenth- And eighteenth-century BritAin edited by laurent curelly and Nigel smith 9 781526 106193 www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Radical voices, radical ways Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies General Editor Anne Dunan-Page Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies is a series of the Société d’Études Anglo-Américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles promoting interdisciplinary work on the period c.1603–1815, covering all aspects of the literature, culture and history of the British Isles, colonial and post-colonial America, and other British colonies. The series welcomes academic monographs, as well as collective volumes of essays, that combine theoretical and meth- odological approaches from more than one discipline to further our understanding of the period and geographical areas. Radical voices, radical ways Articulating and disseminating radicalism in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain Edited by Laurent Curelly and Nigel Smith Manchester University Press Copyright © Manchester University Press 2016 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 1 5261 0619 3 hardback First published 2016 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset in 10/12 Sabon by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire Contents List of contributors page vii Introduction – Laurent Curelly and Nigel Smith 1 PART I Radical language and themes 1 Community of goods: an unacceptable radical theme at the time of the English revolution – Jean-Pierre Cavaillé 41 2 Thomas Paine’s democratic linguistic radicalism: a political philosophy of language? – Carine Lounissi 60 3 English radicalism in the 1650s: the Quaker search for the true knowledge – Catie Gill 80 PART II Radical exchanges and networks 4 Secular millenarianism as a radical utopian project in Shaftesbury – Patrick Müller 103 5 The diffusion and impact of Baron d’Holbach’s texts in Great Britain, 1765–1800 – Nick Treuherz 125 PART III Radical media and practices 6 The parliamentary context of political radicalism in the English revolution – Jason Peacey 151 v Contents 7 Toasting and the diffusion of radical ideas, 1780–1832 – Rémy Duthille 170 PART IV Radical fiction and representation 8 Contesting the press-oppressors of the age: the captivity narrative of William Okeley (1675) – Catherine Vigier 193 9 Ways of thinking, ways of writing: novelistic expression of radicalism in the works of Godwin, Holcroft and Bage – Marion Leclair 211 10 ‘The insane enthusiasm of the time’: remembering the regicides in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain and North America – Edward Vallance 229 Select bibliography 251 Index 270 vi List of contributors Jean-Pierre Cavaillé is Senior Lecturer in History and Anthropology at École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales inToulouse. His interests include the cultural, intellectual and social history of early modern Europe as well as the history of early modern philosophy. He is a member of various European research groups and scholarly networks. He has published books, edited volumes and articles on seventeenth-century libertinism and religious dissent. Laurent Curelly is Senior Lecturer in British Studies at Université de Haute Alsace in Mulhouse. He specialises in seventeenth-century history, politics and literature. He wrote his PhD on tears and weeping in the poetry of Crashaw, Donne, Herbert, Southwell and Vaughan. In addition to the Metaphysical poets, his interests include Civil War radicalism, early modern print culture and cultural trans- fers between the British Isles and the European continent. He has written widely on Civil War journalism and sectarian radicalism and contributed essays to scholarly reviews as well as chapters to edited volumes on these topics. He has published a translation into French of the editorials of the radical newsbook The Moderate (2011). He is currently working on a monograph in English on The Moderate. Rémy Duthille is Senior Lecturer in British Studies at Université Bordeaux Montaigne. He wrote his PhD on the patriotism of British radicals in the twenty years preceding the French Revolution, and vii list of Contributors has published various articles on Richard Price. He is now broaden- ing the scope of his research on political discourse, including toast- ing, in the long eighteenth century. Catie Gill is Lecturer in Early Modern Writing in the Department of English and Drama, School of the Arts, Loughborough University. She has published on Quakerism, and specifically on the collective values of the movement with respect to gender. Her second book was an edited collection: Theatre and Culture: From Leviathan to the Licensing Act. She is currently working on William Chillingworth’s religious rationalism. Marion Leclair is an École Normale Supérieure graduate and a doctoral student at Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle. She spe- cialises in the English radical novel. She has published a translation into French of A Dream of John Ball by William Morris. Carine Lounissi is Senior Lecturer in American Studies at Université de Rouen and a member of the LARCA research group at Université Paris Diderot. She wrote her PhD on Paine’s political thought. She published it in November 2012 as La Pensée politique de Thomas Paine en contexte: théorie et pratique. Her research focuses on the history of political ideas, the American Revolution, republicanism and political language. Patrick Müller, PhD in British Studies, is a teacher of English for the German Federal Office of Languages. His doctoral thesis Latitudinarianism and Didacticism was published in 2009. He organised a symposium on the social and political impact of the first and third Earls of Shaftesbury at the Ashley-Cooper’s family seat, St Giles’s House, Dorset, in 2015. He has lectured and published widely on Shaftesbury, other issues related to the eighteenth century and on contemporary British and American literature. Jason Peacey is Professor of Early Modern British History at UCL. He edited The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I (2001) and The Print Culture of Parliament, 1600–1800 (2007), co-edited Parliament at Work (2002), and is the author of Politicians and Pamphleteers. Propaganda in the Civil Wars and Interregnum (2004) and Print and Public Politics in the English Revolution viii list of Contributors (2013). Recent articles include ‘Print, publicity and popularity: the projecting of Sir Balthazar Gerbier, 1640–1662’, Journal of British Studies (2012) and ‘Sir Edward Dering, popularity and the public, 1640–1644’, Historical Journal (2011). He is currently working on a project relating to overlapping and interlocking publics in seventeenth-century Europe. Nigel Smith is William and Annie S. Paton Foundation Professor of Ancient and Modern Literature at Princeton University. He has pub- lished mostly on early modern literature, especially the seventeenth century; his work is interdisciplinary by inclination and training. He has edited the Longman Annotated English Poets edition of Andrew Marvell’s Poems (2003, pbk 2007), is the author of Andrew Marvell: The Chameleon (Yale University Press, 2010; pbk 2012), and many articles on Marvell. His other major works are Is Milton better than Shakespeare? (2008), Literature and Revolution in England, 1640– 1660 (1994) and Perfection Proclaimed: Language and Literature in English Radical Religion 1640–1660 (1989). He has also edited the Journal of George Fox (1998), and the Ranter Pamphlets (1983; revised edn. 2014), and co-edited with Nicholas McDowell the Oxford Handbook to Milton (Oxford University Press, 2009, pbk 2011). A new book concerned with the state and literary produc- tion in early modern Europe is forthcoming, and he has co-edited a forthcoming collection with Jan Bloemendal, Politics and Aesthetics in European Baroque Tragedy (Brill, 2016). Nick Treuherz is Lecturer at the University of Liverpool. His PhD thesis examined the writings of French materialists Diderot, La Mettrie, Helvétius and d’Holbach, and more particularly their dif- fusion and impact on the German Enlightenment. Ted Vallance is Professor in Early Modern British Political Culture at the University of Roehampton and has previously taught at the universities of Sheffield, Manchester and Liverpool. He is the author of A Radical History of Britain (Little, Brown and Co., 2009), The Glorious Revolution (Little, Brown and Co., 2006) and Revolutionary England and the National Covenant (Boydell, 2005). With Harald Braun he has edited two volumes on conscience and casuistry in early modern Europe: Contexts of Conscience (Palgrave, 2004) and The Renaissance Conscience (Wiley Blackwell, 2011). ix