(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:4) (cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:4) (cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:14)(cid:6)(cid:11)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:15) (cid:1)(cid:13) (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:4)(cid:5) First published in Great Britain 2004 by The GlassHouse Press, The Glass House, Wharton Street, London WC1X 9PX, United Kingdom Telephone: + 44 (0)20 7278 8000 Facsimile: + 44 (0)20 7278 8080 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cavendishpublishing.com Published in the United States by The GlassHouse Press, Cavendish Publishing, c/o International Specialized Book Services, 5824 NE Hassalo Street, Portland, Oregon 97213-3644, USA Published in Australia by The GlassHouse Press, 45 Beach Street, Coogee, NSW 2034, Australia Telephone: + 61 (2)9664 0909 Facsimile: + 61 (2)9664 5420 © Patricia Tuitt 2004 The GlassHouse Press is an imprint of Cavendish Publishing Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of Cavendish Publishing Limited, or as expressly permitted by law, or under the terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Cavendish Publishing Limited, at the address above. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Tuitt, Patricia, 1961– Race, law, resistance 1. Race discrimination — Law and legislation 2. Discrimination in justice administration I. Title 342‘.0873 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available ISBN 1-90438-506-0 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Printed and bound in Great Britain (cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:12)(cid:10) (cid:13) (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:13) It is a regrettable fact that few formal acknowledgments can pay tribute to all of the individuals involved in the completion of a long term project such as this. Those who are mentioned by name are therefore unfairly burdened with the task of representing the various forms of contribution without which the project in question would flounder; and it is for this reason that they are carefully chosen. First of all my thanks go to Mary Tuitt for her energetic support and encouragement throughout the process, and to Hesta Tuitt-Lusala for her tolerant humour and contribution towards the development of a crucial aspect of the argument in the final essay of this book. I am especially indebted to Sanjeevi Perera for her editorial work and to each individual in the School of Law at Birkbeck for helping to provide such an intellectually stimulating environment. Particular thanks go to Julia Chryssostalis who was a never- ending source of inspiration, especially during the early stages of the project and to Peter Fitzpatrick who has been a major intellectual influence throughout my academic career. All of these individuals, and many more, have helped to make the last year or so an extremely rewarding period, but the person I must thank most for the timely completion of what I hope is a sustaining work is the series editor, Beverley Brown, whose insightful and imaginative comments and suggestions on numerous drafts reveal a commitment to her authors, and to the intellectual projects they engage in, that is truly rare. Patricia Tuitt January 2004 (cid:13)(cid:1) (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:12)(cid:10) (cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:14)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:13) Acknowledgments v Introduction ix 1 The Slave, the Protagonist and the Law 1 2 Fanon and Causation 21 3 Institutional Racism and the Reasonable Man 37 4 Discovering the ‘New’ Europe 55 5 Postcolonial Theory at the Moment of Judgment 71 6 Unsanctioned Violence 91 Table of Cases and Documents 115 Bibliography 117 Index 127 (cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:18)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:4)(cid:11)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:12) (cid:1)(cid:21) (cid:15)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:9)(cid:17)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:18)(cid:5)(cid:4) This collection of essays commenced life with so varied a number of aims and was driven by so diverse a number of themes that the initial challenge was to ensure that the six that eventually survived to the final manuscript wove together a reasonably coherent narrative. What follows is an outline of these particular aims and themes, taken in no particular order of priority, and an indication of how they have been transposed on to the six essays that make up this book. The introduction to the mainstream of legal doctrine and theory of the works of the psychoanalyst Frantz Fanon is for me one of the strongest achievements of this project. Though an influential figure in the fields of postcolonial theory and cultural studies, Fanon’s works have, hitherto, been of somewhat marginal concern in the study of law. Fanon’s polemical works inspire two of the essays in this book. Indeed, it is Fanon’s insights in the forms of neuroses experienced by those subject to racial domination in Black Skin, White Masks1 and his uncompromising narrative of resistance to colonial dominion in The Wretched of the Earth2 that encouraged me to engage in a robust, though I hope productive, re-working of key philosophical concepts, particular or pertinent to the legal instance. Thus, in Chapter Two, ‘Fanon and Causation’, I read Black Skin, White Masks (in particular Chapter Five, ‘The Fact of Blackness’) as a work that demonstrates that the ‘causal world’ – the world in which is experienced the constant sequence or conjunction of events, relations, states and moral precepts – is, within a racially configured state, like the colonial state – deliberately dislocated or disturbed in order to effect or facilitate economic, political and cultural domination. Within such a state what both the racially dominated and the racial dominators experience is the frequent or constant disassociation of common relations, resulting in, to use Fanon’s term, a general state or experience of ‘certain uncertainty’.3 A key argument of this essay is that the (a)causal state or situation that the racially configured state exemplifies is brought about, initially, by the dislocation of the normal conjunction between man and humanity to the unfamiliar conjunction of man and object. This dislocation, I argue, has the effect of disjoining other more usual sequences, since expectations as to 1 Fanon, 1986. 2 Fanon, 2001. 3 Fanon, 1986, p 111.