Rabbi – Pastor – Priest Studia Judaica Forschungen zur Wissenschaft des Judentums Begründet von Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich Herausgegeben von Günter Stemberger Band 64 De Gruyter Rabbi – Pastor – Priest Their Roles and Profiles Through the Ages Edited by Walter Homolka and Heinz-Günther Schöttler De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-026601-6 e-ISBN 978-3-11-026696-2 ISSN 0585-5306 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH und Co. KG, Göttingen ∞ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Dedicated to Christine Lieberknecht, Minister-President of the Free State of Thuringia, for her outstanding support of the training of rabbis and cantors in Germany Inhalt Judith Hauptman The Talmudic Rabbi as Holy Man .......................... 1 Tobias Nicklas Offices?Roles,Functions,AuthoritiesandTheirEthosinEarliest Christianity: A Look into the World of Pauline Communities .. 23 Annette von Stockhausen Insights into the Christian Office in Late Antiquity ........... 41 Robert Bonfil Men of Knowledge and Power: ATentative Profile of Medieval Rabbis .................................................. 55 J(cid:2)rgen Kampmann Change or Continuity? How the Reformation Changed the Role of the Pastor ............................................. 67 Carsten L. Wilke Modern Rabbinical Training: Intercultural Invention and Political Reconfiguration .................................. 83 Marc Saperstein Rabbis as Preachers, 1800–1965: Regensburg Conference Lecture.................................................. 111 Lawrence A. Hoffman The Professionalization of the American Rabbinate ........... 129 Eilert Herms The Protestant Pastoral Office: Its Self-Understanding and Its Challenges Today ......................................... 157 Erwin Dirscherl Whom Does the Priest Represent? The Theology of the OrdainedMinistryFollowingtheSecond VaticanCouncil(1962– 1965).................................................... 185 VIII Inhalt Ulrike Wagner-Rau The Protestant Pastor and the Communication of the Gospel: Public Ministry in the Present Protestant Church ............. 203 Dalia Marx A Female Rabbi Is Like an Orange on the Passover Plate. Women and the Rabbinate: Challenges and Horizons ......... 219 Johannes Fçrst Functional Secularization and Conversion: On the Changed Demands Made on Ministerial Action in the Catholic Church .. 241 Reuven Firestone Islamic Clerics: Tradition and Transition ..................... 257 Heinz-G(cid:2)nther Schçttler “… Invited to Preach to the People” (Origen): ATheological Plea for “Lay” Preaching in the Catholic Church ............. 277 Alexander Deeg WordWorkers:TheRabbinateandtheProtestantPastoralOffice in Dialogue .............................................. 303 Walter Homolka The Modern Community Rabbi in Germany: Towards the Development of a Contemporary Occupational Profile ........ 327 List of Contributors ....................................... 355 Index of Abbreviations .................................... 359 IndexofNames .......................................... 361 IndexofSubjects ......................................... 373 Preface Both Judaism and Christianity have authorized clergy, charged with ful- filling a multitude of tasks in their respective communities. They teach, providepastoralcare,andpreach.Theyleadworshipandoffercounseling regardingallaspectsoflife.Theyperformreligiousritesatthebeginning and end of life as well as in between. They make decisions regarding re- ligiousquestions,serveasadministrators,andevenpossiblymediate“be- tweenheavenandearth”.Theconcreteformsofrealizationandthefunc- tions of the office are not only defined through theological specification, they are also subject to trends and influences. This in turn leads to con- stant change and adaptation. The contributors in this volume examine the expectations held towards holdersofreligiousofficeandtheiridentityoverthecourseofthecentu- ries:first,onthelevelofroledefinitions;andsecond,onthelevelofprac- tical manifestations and their respective historical, cultural, and social contexts. Despite many differences regarding the definition of clergy in Judaism, Catholicism, and Protestantism, it is striking to see the many parallels.WeareparticularlygratefulthatReuvenFirestoneaddedthedi- mension of the cleric in Islam to provide a fuller picture. Thisvolumecombineslecturesheldataninternationalconferenceatthe University of Regensburg between September 19 and 22, 2011, on the topic “Legal Scholar – Preacher – Spiritual Advisor: Changing Roles of Rabbis, Pastors and Priests”. It has been a very meaningful joint venture of the Abraham Geiger Col- legeatPotsdamUniversity,thechairforPastoralTheologyattheDepart- ment of Roman Catholic Theology at Regensburg University, and the chair for Practical Theology at the Department for Protestant Theology of Leipzig University in collaboration with the Wittenberg Institute for Preaching and Homiletics. Both editors would like to express their grat- itude to Professor Dr. Alexander Deeg for his cooperation. X Preface The editors are indebted to Debra Hirsch Corman for the copyediting. We would also like to thank Tobias Barniske and Martin Kujawa for compiling the indices and coordinating the publication of this volume. Rabbi Professor Walter Homolka BD MPhil PhD DHL Professor Dr. Heinz-G(cid:2)nther Schçttler