Quantum Gravity, Generalized Theory of Gravitation, and SuperstringTheory-Based Unification This page intentionally left blank. Quantum Gravity, Generalized Theory of Gravitation, and Superstring Theory-Based Unification Editedby Behram N. Kursunoglu GlobalFoundation Inc Coral Gables, Florida Stephan L. Mintz FlorirdaInternationalUniversity Miami, Florida and Arnold Perlmutter UniversityofMiami CoralGables.Florida Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow eBookISBN: 0-306-47104-3 Print ISBN: 0-306-46485-3 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com PREFACE “Orbis Scientiae 1999” constitutes the 28th conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology that were begun in 1964. It has now become an institution by itself under the aegis of which the physicists convene annually in South Florida. It created a Belle Époque in Coral Gables. The series of Orbis Scientiae started with the participants of highest distinction in physics of the 20th Century. After its first two decades the conferences have been placed in the hands of younger and promising physicists. The 1999 meeting was the last conference of the millennium. The topics that were covered did not give the impression of laying the foundations of great advancements in theoretical physics. Work on such concepts as strings or super strings, isbeingactivelypursued. Itisofcourse true thatrevolutionsinphysicsarenotfrequent. Findingtheneutrinomassivenesswasquiteexcitingbutdidnotprovideenoughbasisfor further progress in the field of neutrino physics. Recent efforts with regard to extensive studies, gamma ray bursts do manifest themselves as exceptionally important events. There are many papers in the literature studying theoretical implications of the energy dependence of the gamma rays. In this field one of us (Kursunoglu) had published a paper in the Physical Review in 1975. Our firstconferencein2000orratheritsOrbisScientiaewillcertainlycontainsometopicson this matter. It is quite conceivable that inthe Big Bang creation ofthe Universe, very high- energy dependent gamma rays must have played an important role especially causing very fast initial expansion of the early Universe. This may well have been the mechanism for the existence of the so-called inflationary behavior of the process of creation. We are looking forward to the Orbis Scientiae 2000 to include in its program this subject matter. The Chairman and Trustees of the Global Foundation, Inc. wish to gratefully acknowledge the generous support of this conference by Lady Blanka Rosenstiel, Founder and President ofthe American Institute ofPolish Culture, Chopin Foundation andHonorary Consul of the Republic ofPoland inMiami, andto Dr. andMrs. Edward Bacinich of Palm Beach, Florida Behram N. Kursunoglu Stephan L. Mintz Arnold Perlmutter Coral Gables, Florida V About the Global Foundation, Inc. TheGlobalFoundation,Inc.,whichwasestablishedin 1977,utilizestheworld's most important resource... people. The Foundation consists of distinguished men and women of science and learning, and of outstanding achievers and entrepreneurs from industry, governments, and international organizations, along with promising and enthusiastic young people. These people convene to form a unique and distinguished interdisciplinaryentitytoaddressglobalissuesrequiringglobalsolutionsandtoworkon thefrontierproblemsofscience. Global Foundation Board of Trustees BehramN.Kursunoglu,GlobalFoundation,Inc.,Chairmanof theBoard,CoralGables. M.JeanCouture, FormerSecretaryof Energyof France,Paris ManfredEigen*,Max-Planck-Institut,Göttingen WillisE.Lamb*,Jr.,UniversityofArizona LouisNéeI*,Université de Gronoble, France RichardWilson,HarvardUniversity Henry King Stanford, President Emeritus, Universities of Miami and Georgia Former Trustees RobertHerman,Universityof Texas RobertHofstadter*,StanfordUniversity WalterC.Marshall,LordMarshallofGoring FrederickReines*,Irvine,California AbdusSalam*,Trieste,Italy GlennT.Seaborg*, Berkeley, California Eugene P. Wigner*, Princeton University Lord Solly Zuckerman, London *Nobel Laureate vi GLOBALFOUNDATION'SRECENTCONFERENCEPROCEEDINGS MakingtheMarketRightfortheEfficientUseofEnergy Editedby:BehramN.Kursunoglu NovaSciencePublishers,Inc.,NewYork, 1992 UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,andArnoldPerlmutter NovaSciencePublishers,Inc.,NewYork, 1993 UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge-1 Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz, andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1994 UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge-2 Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1995 GlobalEnergyDemandinTransition:TheNewRoleof Electricity Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,1996 EconomicsandPoliticsofEnergy Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1996 NeutrinoMass,DarkMatter,Gravitational Waves,CondensationofAtoms andMonopoles,LightConeQuantization Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,1996 TechnologyfortheGlobalEconomic,Environmental Survival and Prosperity Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,1997 25thCoralGablesConferenceonHighEnergyPhysicsandCosmology vii Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz, andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1997 EnvironmentandNuclearEnergy Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu, StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1998 PhysicsofMass Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu, StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1999 PreparingtheGroundforRenewalof Nuclear Power Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz, andAmoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,1999 ConfluenceofCosmology,MassiveNeutrinos,ElementaryParticles & Gravitation Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress, 1999 InternationalEnergyForum 1999 Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintzandArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,2000 InternationalConferenceonOrbisScientiae 1999 QuantumGravity, GeneralizedTheoryofGravitation and Superstring Theory-basedUnification Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter PlenumPress,2000 viii (cid:127) Gl bal Foundation, Inc. A Nonprofit OrganizationforGlobalIssues Requiring GlobalSolutions, and for problems on the Frontiers of Science Center for Theoretical Studies MILLENNIUM’S LAST INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ON ORBISSCIENTIAE1999 QUANTUMGRAVITY,GENERALIZEDTHEORYOFGRAVITATION ANDSUPERSTRINGTHEORY-BASEDUNlFlCATlON (28thConferenceonHighEnergyPhysics andCosmologySince1964) December16-19, 1999 LagoMarResort FortLauderdale,Florida This conference is supported in part by National Science Foundation Alpha Omega Research Foundation Lady Blanka Rosenstiel Sponsoredby: ConferenceHotel: GlobalFoundationInc. LagoMarResort P. O. Box249055 1700SouthOceanLane CoralGables,Florida33124-9055 FortLauderdale.Florida33316 Phone:(305)669-9411 Reservations: 1-800-255-5246 Fax: (305) 669-9464 (954)523-6511 -Email: [email protected] Fax: (954) 524-6627 Web:http://www.gate.net/~kursungf Thespecialgrouprate: $120/night One-bedroomsuitew/Oceanview IX