<DOCINFOAUTHOR""TITLE"QuantifierScopeinGerman"SUBJECT"LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,Volume84"KEYWORDS""SIZEHEIGHT"240"WIDTH"160"VOFFSET"4"> QuantifierScopeinGerman LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday(LA)providesaplatformfororiginalmonographstudies intosynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics.StudiesinLAconfrontempiricalandtheoretical problemsasthesearecurrentlydiscussedinsyntax,semantics,morphology,phonology,and systematicpragmaticswiththeaimtoestablishrobustempiricalgeneralizationswithina universalisticperspective. SeriesEditors WernerAbraham EllyvanGelderen UniversityofVienna ArizonaStateUniversity AdvisoryEditorialBoard CedricBoeckx IanRoberts HarvardUniversity CambridgeUniversity GuglielmoCinque KenSafir UniversityofVenice RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswickNJ GüntherGrewendorf LisadeMenaTravis J.W.Goethe-University,Frankfurt McGillUniversity LilianeHaegeman StenVikner UniversityofLille,France UniversityofAarhus HubertHaider C.Jan-WouterZwart UniversityofSalzburg UniversityofGroningen ChristerPlatzack UniversityofLund Volume84 QuantifierScopeinGerman byJürgenPafel Quantifier Scope in German Jürgen Pafel UniversityofStuttgart JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia TM Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements 8 ofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences–Permanence ofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData JürgenPafel,1957- QuantifierScopeinGerman / JürgenPafel. p. cm.(LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,issn0166–0829;v.84) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes. 1.Germanlanguage--Quantifiers.2.Grammar,Comparativeand general--Quantifiers.3.Germanlanguage--Syntax.I.Title.II.Linguistik aktuell;Bd.84. PF3199.P34 2005 435--dc22 2005054265 isbn9027228086(Hb;alk.paper) ©2005–JohnBenjaminsB.V. Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,or anyothermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa Table of contents Abbreviationsandsymbols ix Preface xiii Chapter1 Preliminaries 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Theempiricalissues 1 1.1.2 Thetheoreticalissues 11 1.2 Germanquantifiers 13 1.2.1 Criteriaofidentification 13 1.2.2 Theclassesofquantifiersinvestigated 16 1.3 Syntacticassumptions 25 1.3.1 Nounphrases 26 1.3.2 Verbphrasesandsentences 30 1.4 Semanticassumptions 32 1.4.1 Names 32 1.4.2 Quantifiers 44 Chapter2 Relativescope 51 2.1 SomebasicpatternsofQ/Q-interaction 51 2.2 Thepropertiesdeterminingrelativescope 59 2.2.1 Syntacticconstellation 60 2.2.2 Grammaticalfunction 65 2.2.3 Thematicproperty 70 2.2.4 Distributivity 75 2.2.5 Discourse-binding 79 2.2.6 Definiteness 82 2.2.7 Focus 82 2.2.8 Negationattraction 85  QuantifierScopeinGerman 2.3 Alinearmodelofrelativescopedetermination 88 2.3.1 Cumulativity,weightsandlinearequations 88 2.3.2 Themodel’spredictions 94 2.3.2.1 BasicQ/Q-interaction 94 2.3.2.2 Negativequantifiers 99 2.3.2.3 ModifiedDP-quantifiers 101 2.3.2.4 Adverbialquantifiers 102 2.3.2.5 Wh/Q-interaction 103 2.4 Relativescopeandtherelationbetweensyntactic andsemanticstructure 107 2.4.1 Acomparisonbetweenrelativescopeandword orderdetermination 107 2.4.1.1 Therelevantpropertiesandtheirinteraction 107 2.4.1.2 AlinearmodelforwordorderintheMittelfeld 111 2.4.2 Thecorrespondenceconstraintsconcerningrelativescope 114 2.4.2.1 Digression:Quantifierbinding 116 2.5 Thestatusoflinearmodels 121 2.5.1 Canlinearmodelsbeexplanatorilyadequate? 121 2.5.2 Linearmodels,optimalityandsmartheuristics 124 2.6 Thescopebehavioroffurthertypesofquantifiers 125 2.6.1 Coordinativequantifiers 125 2.6.2 Quantifierswithfocusparticles 128 2.6.3 Relativephrases 132 Chapter3 Absolutescope 137 3.1 Thepuzzleofclause-boundedness 137 3.1.1 Absolutescopeand(in)coherentinfinitivalconstructions 137 3.1.2 Absolutescopeandsubordinatefiniteclauses 142 3.2 Amodelofabsoluteandrelativescopedetermination 150 3.3 Scope(andsyntax)ofwh-phrasesinsitu 160 3.4 Absolutescopeandtherelationbetweensyntactic andsemanticstructure 165 3.4.1 Fromclause-boundednesstophrase-boundedness 165 3.4.2 Absolutescopeandquantifierraising 168 3.4.3 Correspondenceconstraintsconcerningabsolutescope 170 3.4.4 Scopeandquantifierstorage 171 3.5 Inverselinking 173 Tableofcontents  Chapter4 Indefinitesandquantifiers 179 4.1 Indefinitequantifiers 180 4.2 Typesofindefinites 182 4.2.1 Non-specificindefinites 182 4.2.2 Specificindefinites 187 4.2.3 Someconsequencesconcerning(non-)specificindefinites 193 4.2.4 Genericindefinites 197 4.3 Thescopeofimplicitquantifierstriggeredby(in)definites 201 4.4 Indefinitesindonkeysentences 204 Chapter5 Interrogativequantifiers 215 5.1 Thepair-listreadingasascopereading 215 5.2 Wh/Q-interactioninGerman,EnglishandPolish 220 5.3 Thesemanticsofthepair-listreading 224 5.4 Scopeandsemanticsofhowmanyphrases 230 Chapter6 Alternativescopeaccounts 237 6.1 Configurationaltheories 237 6.2 Semanticallyandpragmaticallybasedtheories 250 6.3 Multi-factortheories 252 Chapter7 Towardsatheoryofsemanticstructure 261 7.1 Theformofsemanticstructure 261 7.1.1 Semanticfeaturesandsemanticstructures 261 7.1.2 Thesemanticcharacterizationoflexicalitemsand syntacticphrases 263 7.2 Theinterpretationofsemanticstructure 271 7.3 Theconstructionofsemanticstructuresfrom syntacticstructures 276 7.3.1 Semanticspecificationsandquantifierstores 276 7.3.2 Implicitquantifiersinsemanticstructure 287  QuantifierScopeinGerman Chapter8 Concludingremarks 291 References 293 Index 311 Abbreviations and symbols * clearlyunacceptablesentenceorsequence(ofsentences) (cid:1) clearlyunavailablereading √ acceptablesentenceorsequence √ availablereading ?? moreorlessunacceptablesentenceorsequence ? neitheracceptablenorunacceptablesentenceorsequence % judgmentnotsharedbyallsubjects (?) judgmentuncertain ÷ tendstobe ≈ getsparaphrasedas ≈> translatesas ∃ existentialquantifier ∀ universalquantifier ¬ negationoperator ι iotaoperator → conditional ↔ biconditional λ lambdaoperator ∧ conjunction ∨ disjunction ⊕ summationoperator ≤ partof *P pluraloperator(pluspredicate) (cid:1) necessityoperator ♦ possibilityoperator ˆ cap o denotationfunction (cid:11) risingaccent (cid:12) fallingaccent > hasscopeover A adjective acc accusative AP adjectivephrase a-strong strivesforwidestpossibleabsolutescope a-weak strivesforsmallestpossibleabsolutescope D determiner